[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.34,0:00:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When I was asked to, invited, rather,\Nto give this talk a couple of months ago Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.36,0:00:23.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we discussed a number\Nof titles with the organizers Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.74,0:00:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of different titles\Nwere kicked around and were discussed, Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.29,0:00:30.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but nobody suggested\Nthis one that you see here today. Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.68,0:00:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason for that was, two months ago, Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.58,0:00:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ebola was escalating exponentially Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.84,0:00:41.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and spreading over wider geographic areas\Nthan we had ever seen Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.01,0:00:45.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the world was terrified, concerned,\Nand alarmed by this disease Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.49,0:00:49.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way we've not seen in recent history. Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.08,0:00:55.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But today, I can stand here\Nand I can talk to you about beating Ebola Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.38,0:00:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of people\Nwhom you've never heard of, Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.94,0:01:01.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people like Peter Clement, Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.69,0:01:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a Liberian doctor,\Nwho's working in Lofa County, Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.10,0:01:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a place that many of you\Nhave never heard of, probably, in Liberia. Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.74,0:01:18.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reason that Lofa County\Nis so important Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.44,0:01:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because about five months ago, Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.62,0:01:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the epidemic\Nwas just starting to escalate, Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.10,0:01:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lofa County was right at the center,\Nthe epicenter of this epidemic. Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.22,0:01:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At that time,\NMSF and the treatment center there, Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.74,0:01:36.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were seeing dozens of patients\Nevery single day, Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.30,0:01:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these patients, these communities,\Nwere becoming more and more terrified Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.65,0:01:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as time went by, with this disease\Nand what it was doing to their families, Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.04,0:01:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to their communities,\Nto their children, to their relatives. Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.73,0:01:53.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so Peter Clement was charged with\Ndriving that 12-hour-long rough road Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.61,0:01:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Monrovia, the capital,\Nup to Lofa County Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.11,0:02:02.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try and help bring control\Nto the escalating epidemic there. Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.45,0:02:07.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what Peter found when he arrived\Nwas a terror that I just mentioned to you. Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.93,0:02:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he sat down with the local chiefs,\Nand he listened. Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.06,0:02:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what he heard was heartbreaking. Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.06,0:02:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He heard about the devastation\Nand the desperation of people Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.89,0:02:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,affected by this disease. Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.02,0:02:25.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He heard the heartbreaking stories Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.76,0:02:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about not just the damage\Nthat Ebola did to people, Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.10,0:02:32.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what it did to families,\Nand what it did to communities. Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.16,0:02:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he listened to the local chiefs\Nthere, and what they told him -- Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.16,0:02:41.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They said: "When our children are sick,\Nwhen our children are dying, Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.53,0:02:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can't hold them at a time\Nwhen we want to be closest to them. Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.09,0:02:49.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When our relatives die, we can't take care\Nof them as our tradition demands. Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.81,0:02:52.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are not allowed to wash\Nthe bodies to bury them Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.38,0:02:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way our communities\Nand our rituals demand. Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.90,0:02:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for this reason, Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.12,0:02:59.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were deeply disturbed,\Ndeeply alarmed Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.52,0:03:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the entire epidemic\Nwas unraveling in front of them. Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.63,0:03:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People were turning on\Nthe healthcare workers who had come, Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.80,0:03:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the heroes who come to try\Nand help save the community, Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.28,0:03:13.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help work with the community,\Nand they were unable to access them. Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.57,0:03:20.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happened then was\NPeter explained to the leaders. Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.25,0:03:22.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The leaders listened.\NThey turned the tables. Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.100,0:03:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Peter explained what Ebola was.\NHe explained what the disease was. Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.76,0:03:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He explained what it did\Nto their communities, Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.01,0:03:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he explained that Ebola threatened\Neverything that made us human: Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.52,0:03:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ebola means you can't hold your children\Nthe way you would in this situation, Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.34,0:03:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't bury your dead\Nthe way that you would, Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.79,0:03:45.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have to trust these people\Nin the space suits to do that for you. Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.69,0:03:46.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And ladies and gentlemen, Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.92,0:03:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what happened then\Nwas rather extraordinary: Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.11,0:03:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the community, health workers,\Nand Peter sat down together Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.22,0:03:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they put together a new plan\Nfor controlling Ebola in that Lofa County. Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.72,0:04:00.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reason that this is\Nsuch an important story, Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.38,0:04:01.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ladies and gentlemen, Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.94,0:04:04.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because today, this County, Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.61,0:04:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is right at the center\Nof this epidemic you've been watching, Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.96,0:04:09.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've been seeing on the newspapers, Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.82,0:04:13.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've been seeing\Non the television screens, Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.33,0:04:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,today, Lofa County is nearly eight weeks\Nwithout seeing a single case of Ebola. Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.12,0:04:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.20,0:04:29.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This doesn't mean\Nthat the job is done, obviously; Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.95,0:04:33.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's still a huge risk\Nthat there'll be additional cases there, Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.13,0:04:36.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what it does teach us\Nis that Ebola can be beaten. Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.41,0:04:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the key thing. Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.88,0:04:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even on the scale, Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.13,0:04:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even with the rapid kind of growth\Nthat we saw in this environment here, Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.80,0:04:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we now know Ebola can be beaten. Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.77,0:04:50.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When communities come together\Nwith healthcare workers, work together, Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.60,0:04:53.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's when this disease can be stopped. Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.25,0:04:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But how did Ebola end up\Nin Lofa County in the first place? Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.03,0:05:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, for that, we have to go back\N12 months, to the start of this epidemic. Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.44,0:05:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as many you know,\Nthis virus went undetected, Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.01,0:05:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it evaded detection\Nfor three or four months when it began. Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.88,0:05:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's because this is not\Na disease of West Africa, Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.44,0:05:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a disease of Central Africa,\Nhalf a continent away. Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.65,0:05:16.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People hadn't seen the disease before; Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.55,0:05:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,health workers hadn't seen\Nthe disease before. Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.92,0:05:21.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They didn't know\Nwhat they were dealing with. Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.18,0:05:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to make it\Neven more complicated, Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.10,0:05:27.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the virus itself was causing a symptom,\Na type of a presentation Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.55,0:05:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that wasn't classical of the disease, Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.15,0:05:34.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so people didn't even recognize\Nthe disease, people who knew Ebola. Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.39,0:05:38.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For that reason it evaded\Ndetection for some time, Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.17,0:05:41.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but contrary to public belief\Nsometimes these days, Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.30,0:05:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once the virus was detected,\Nthere was a rapid surge in of support. Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.34,0:05:52.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MSF rapidly set up an Ebola treatment\Ncenter as many of you know, in the area. Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.32,0:05:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The World Health Organization\Nand the partners it works with deployed Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.15,0:05:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eventually hundreds of people\Nover the next two months Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.99,0:06:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to help track the virus. Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.46,0:06:03.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem, ladies and gentlemen, is Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.56,0:06:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by then, this virus, well known\Nnow as Ebola, had spread too far. Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.52,0:06:12.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It had already outstripped\Nwhat was one of the largest responses Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.22,0:06:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that had been mounted so far\Nto an Ebola outbreak. Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.59,0:06:17.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the middle of the year, Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.19,0:06:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just Guinea but now Sierra Leone\Nand Liberia were also infected. Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.33,0:06:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The virus was spreading geographically,\Nthe numbers were increasing, Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.24,0:06:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and at this time, Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.30,0:06:33.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only were hundreds of people\Ninfected and dying of the disease Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.74,0:06:34.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as importantly, Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.95,0:06:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the front line responders, the people\Nwho had gone to try and help, Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.51,0:06:42.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the healthcare workers,\Nthe other responders Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.58,0:06:45.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were also sick and dying by the dozens. Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.95,0:06:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The presidents of these countries\Nrecognized the emergencies. Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.93,0:06:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They met right around that time, Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.71,0:06:53.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they agreed on common action,\Nand they put together Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.27,0:06:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an emergency joint operation center\Nin Conakry Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.49,0:07:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try and work together to finish\Nthis disease and get it stopped, Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.99,0:07:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to implement the strategies\Nwe talked about. Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.70,0:07:07.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what happened then was something\Nwe had never seen before with Ebola. Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.85,0:07:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened then was the virus,\Nor someone sick with the virus, Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.97,0:07:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,boarded an airplane,\Nflew to another country, Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.24,0:07:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the first time, Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.76,0:07:21.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we saw in another distant country\Nthe virus pop up again. Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.58,0:07:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This time it was in Nigeria, Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.57,0:07:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the teeming metropolis\Nof Lagos, 21 million people; Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.15,0:07:31.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now the virus was in that environment. Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.26,0:07:36.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you can anticipate, there was\Ninternational alarm, international concern Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.15,0:07:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on a scale that we haven't seen\Nin recent years Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.51,0:07:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,caused by a disease like this. Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.90,0:07:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The World Health Organization immediately\Ncalled together an expert panel, Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.48,0:07:49.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked at the situation,\Ndeclared an international emergency. Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.36,0:07:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in doing so, the expectation would be Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.98,0:07:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there be a huge outpouring\Nof international assistance Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.84,0:08:00.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help these countries which were in\Nso much trouble and concern at that time. Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.100,0:08:04.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we saw\Nwas something very different. Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.22,0:08:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was some great response. Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.03,0:08:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A number of countries came to assist\N- many NGOs and others, as you know - Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.40,0:08:15.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but at the same time,\Nthe opposite happened in many places. Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.92,0:08:20.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Alarm escalated, and very soon, Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.44,0:08:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these countries found themselves Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.51,0:08:26.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not receiving the support they needed\Nbut increasingly isolated. Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.66,0:08:31.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we saw was commercial airlines\N[stopped] flying into these countries, Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.22,0:08:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people who hadn't even been\Nexposed to the virus Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.05,0:08:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were no longer allowed to travel. Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.21,0:08:40.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This caused not only problems,\Nobviously, for the countries themselves Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.18,0:08:42.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also for the response. Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.02,0:08:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Those organizations\Nthat we're trying to bring people in, Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.88,0:08:47.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try and help them\Nrespond to the outbreak, Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.37,0:08:49.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could not get people on airplanes, Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.09,0:08:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,couldn't get them into the countries\Nto be able to respond. Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.36,0:08:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that situation, ladies and gentleman,\Na virus like Ebola takes advantage. Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.25,0:09:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we saw then was something\Nalso we hadn't seen before: Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.76,0:09:05.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only did this virus\Ncontinue in the places Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.43,0:09:09.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they'd already become infected\Nbut then it started to escalate Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.49,0:09:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we saw the case numbers\Nthat you see here, Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.88,0:09:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something we never seen\Nbefore on such a scale, Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.86,0:09:17.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and exponential increase of Ebola cases Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.79,0:09:22.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just in these countries or the areas\Nalready infected in these countries Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.30,0:09:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also spreading further\Nand deeper into these countries. Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.02,0:09:27.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and gentleman, Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.34,0:09:33.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this was one of the most concerning,\Ninternational emergencies in public health Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.01,0:09:34.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've ever seen. Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.45,0:09:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happened\Nin these countries then, Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.52,0:09:40.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,many of you saw, again, on the television,\Nread about in the newspapers, Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.36,0:09:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we saw the health system start to collapse\Nunder the weight of this epidemic. Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.90,0:09:48.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw the schools begin to close, Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.74,0:09:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,markets no longer functioned the way\Nthat they should in these countries. Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.42,0:09:58.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw the misinformation,\Nthe misperceptions, started to spread Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.38,0:10:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even faster through the communities Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.34,0:10:03.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which became even more alarmed\Nabout the situation. Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.06,0:10:04.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They started to recoil Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.43,0:10:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from those people that you saw\Nin those space suits, as they call them, Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.90,0:10:09.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who had come to help them. Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.68,0:10:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the situation\Ndeteriorated even further: Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.41,0:10:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the countries had to declare\Na state of emergency, Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.03,0:10:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,large populations need to be quarantined\Nin some areas, and then riots broke out. Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.79,0:10:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a very, very terrifying situation. Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.46,0:10:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the world, many people began to ask: Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.09,0:10:31.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Can we ever stop Ebola\Nwhen it starts to spread like this?" Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.08,0:10:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they started to ask: "How well\Ndo we really know this virus?" Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.58,0:10:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reality is we don't know\NEbola extremely well. Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.96,0:10:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a relatively modern disease\Nin terms of what we know about it Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.80,0:10:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've known the disease only for 40 years Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.17,0:10:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since it first popped up\Nin Central Africa in 1976. Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.100,0:10:52.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But despite that, we do know many things: Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.44,0:10:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know that this virus probably\Nsurvives in a type of a bat, Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.80,0:10:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know that it probably enters\Na human population Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.21,0:11:01.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we come in contact with a wild animal Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.100,0:11:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has been infected with the virus\Nand probably sickened by it. Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.50,0:11:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we know that the virus\Nspreads from person to person Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.50,0:11:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through contaminated body fluids. Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.97,0:11:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you've all seen, Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.14,0:11:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know the horrific disease\Nthat it then causes in humans, Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.44,0:11:20.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we see this disease caused\Nsevere fevers, diarrhea, vomiting, Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.28,0:11:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then, unfortunately, and in 70%\Nof the cases or often more, death. Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.38,0:11:32.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a very dangerous,\Ndebilitating, and deadly disease. Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.14,0:11:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But despite the fact that we've not known\Nthis disease for a particularly long time, Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.48,0:11:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we don't know everything about it,\Nwe do know how to stop this disease. Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.91,0:11:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are four things\Nthat are critical to stopping Ebola. Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.90,0:11:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First and foremost, the communities\Nhave got to understand this disease, Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.91,0:11:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've got to understand\Nhow it spreads and how to stop it. Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.60,0:11:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we've got\Nto be able to have systems Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.90,0:11:58.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could find every single case,\Nevery contact of those cases, Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.67,0:12:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and begin to track the transmission chain\Nso that you can stop transmission. Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.96,0:12:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to have treatment centers,\Nspecialized Ebola treatment centers, Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.58,0:12:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the workers can be protected Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.78,0:12:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as they try to provide support\Nto the people who are infected, Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.62,0:12:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they might survive the disease Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.21,0:12:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then, for those who do die, Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.69,0:12:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to ensure there is a safe but at\Nthe same time dignified burial process, Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.93,0:12:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that there is no spread\Nat that time as well. Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.24,0:12:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we do know how to stop Ebola, Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.52,0:12:33.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these strategies work,\Nladies and gentlemen. Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.79,0:12:37.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The virus was stopped in Nigeria\Nby these four strategies, Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.06,0:12:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the people\Nimplementing them, obviously. Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.60,0:12:42.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was stopped in Senegal\Nwhere it had spread, Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.26,0:12:44.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also in the other countries Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.08,0:12:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that were affected by this virus,\Nin this outbreak. Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.16,0:12:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So there's no question\Nthat these strategies actually work. Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.35,0:12:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The big question, ladies and gentlemen, Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.46,0:12:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was whether these strategies could work\Non this scale, in this situation, Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.29,0:13:04.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with so many countries affected\Nwith the exponential growth that you saw. Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.34,0:13:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was the big question that we were\Nfacing just two for three months ago. Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.11,0:13:13.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we know the answer\Nto that question. Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.14,0:13:16.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that answer\Nbecause of the extraordinary work Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.52,0:13:21.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of an incredible group of NGOs,\Nof governments, of local leaders, Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.00,0:13:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of UN agencies, and many humanitarian\Nand other organizations Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.20,0:13:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that came and joined the fight\Nto try and stop Ebola in West Africa. Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.72,0:13:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what had to be done\Nthere was slightly different. Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.68,0:13:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These countries took\Nthose strategies I just showed you; Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.77,0:13:40.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the communities, the community engagement,\Nthe case finding and contact tracing, Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.57,0:13:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they turn them on their head. Dialogue: 0,0:13:43.04,0:13:45.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was so much disease,\Nthey approached it differently. Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.88,0:13:48.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they decided to do was Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.26,0:13:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would first try\Nand slow down this epidemic Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.61,0:13:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by rapidly building\Nas many beds as possible Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.03,0:13:56.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in specialized treatment centers, Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.26,0:14:01.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could prevent the disease\Nfrom spreading from those were infected. Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.61,0:14:04.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would rapidly build out\Nmany many burial teams Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.45,0:14:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they could safely deal\Nwith the dead, Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.48,0:14:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with that, they would try\Nand slow this outbreak to see Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.31,0:14:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it could actually then be controlled Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.36,0:14:15.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the classic approach\Nof case finding and contact tracing. Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.89,0:14:20.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I went to West Africa\Nabout three months ago, when I was there, Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.35,0:14:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I saw was extraordinary. Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.37,0:14:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw presidents Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.48,0:14:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opening emergency operation centers\Nthemselves against Ebola Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.03,0:14:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that they could personally coordinate,\Nand oversee, and champion Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.67,0:14:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this surge of international support\Nto try and stop this disease. Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.56,0:14:35.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw militaries Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.95,0:14:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from within those countries\Nand from far beyond, Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.54,0:14:41.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming in to help build\NEbola treatment centers Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.14,0:14:44.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could be used to isolate\Nthose who are sick. Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.30,0:14:54.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help train the community so that they\Ncould actually safely bury their dead Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.60,0:14:46.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We saw the Red Cross Movement Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.59,0:14:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working with its partner agencies\Non the ground there Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.55,0:14:57.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a dignified manner themselves. Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.06,0:14:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we saw the UN agencies,\Nthe World Food Program, Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.70,0:15:02.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,build a tremendous air bridge\Nthat could get responders Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.68,0:15:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to every single corner\Nof these countries rapidly Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.71,0:15:09.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to implement the strategies\Nthat we just talked about. Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.45,0:15:12.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we saw, ladies and gentlemen,\Nwhich is probably most impressive, Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.92,0:15:15.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was this incredible work\Nby the governments, Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.99,0:15:19.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the leaders in these countries,\Nwith the communities, Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.06,0:15:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try insure\Npeople understood this disease, Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.73,0:15:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understood the extraordinary things\Nthey'd have to do to try and stop Ebola. Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.28,0:15:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as a result, ladies and gentlemen, Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.29,0:15:34.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we saw something that we did not know\Nonly two or three months earlier, Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.13,0:15:36.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether or not it would be possible. Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.44,0:15:37.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we saw was Dialogue: 0,0:15:37.80,0:15:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you see now in this graph\Nwhen we took stock on December 1. Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.40,0:15:45.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we saw was\Nwe could bend that curve, so to speak, Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.91,0:15:48.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change this exponential growth, Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.09,0:15:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bring some hope back\Nto the ability to control this outbreak. Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.00,0:15:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for this reason, ladies and gentlemen,\Nthere's absolutely no question now Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.28,0:16:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can catch up with this outbreak\Nin West Africa, and we can beat Ebola. Dialogue: 0,0:16:02.33,0:16:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The big question though,\Nthat many people are asking, Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.00,0:16:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even when they saw this curve, [is]: Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.73,0:16:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, hang on a minute;\Nthat's great, you can slow it down, Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.56,0:16:12.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but can you actually\Ndrive it down to zero?" Dialogue: 0,0:16:12.96,0:16:16.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've already answered that question\Nright back at the beginning of this talk, Dialogue: 0,0:16:16.82,0:16:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I spoke about Lofa County in Liberia. Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.60,0:16:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We told you the story\Nhow Lofa County got to a situation Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.16,0:16:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they have not seen Ebola\Nfor eight weeks. Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.12,0:16:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are similar stories\Nfrom the other countries as well. Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.50,0:16:34.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From Guéckédou in Guinea, Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.84,0:16:39.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first area where the first case\Nwas actually diagnosed. Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.13,0:16:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've seen very, very few cases\Nin the last couple of months, Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.86,0:16:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here in Kenema, in Sierra Leone\N- another area in the epicenter - Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.38,0:16:51.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have not seen the virus\Nfor more than a couple of weeks. Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.89,0:16:55.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Way too early to declare\Nvictory, obviously, Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.01,0:16:56.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but evidence, ladies and gentlemen, Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.73,0:17:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only can the response\Ncatch up to the disease Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.28,0:17:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this disease can be driven to zero. Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.25,0:17:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The challenge now, of course,\Nis doing this on the scale needed Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.47,0:17:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right across these three countries,\Nand that is a huge challenge. Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.86,0:17:17.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because when you've been at\Nsomething for this long, on this scale, Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.54,0:17:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two other big threats\Ncome in to join the virus. Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.84,0:17:24.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first of those is complacency, Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.69,0:17:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the risk that as this disease curve\Nstarts to bend, Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.81,0:17:31.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the media look elsewhere,\Nthe world looks elsewhere. Dialogue: 0,0:17:31.33,0:17:32.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Complacency's always a risk. Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.92,0:17:36.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the other risk, of course, is\Nwhen you've been working so hard Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.16,0:17:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for so long and slept so few hours\Nover the past months, Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.39,0:17:43.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are tired, people become fatigued, Dialogue: 0,0:17:43.09,0:17:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these new risks\Nstart to creep into the response. Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.06,0:17:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and gentlemen, I can tell you today\NI've just come back from West Africa. Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.53,0:17:55.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The people of this countries,\Nthe leaders of these countries, Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.19,0:17:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not complacent. Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.96,0:18:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They want to drive Ebola\Nto zero in their countries. Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.60,0:18:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these people, yes they're tired,\Nbut they are not fatigued. Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.91,0:18:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have an energy, they have a courage, Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.58,0:18:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have the strength\Nto get this finished. Dialogue: 0,0:18:09.16,0:18:11.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What they need,\Nladies and gentlemen, at this point, Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.65,0:18:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is the unwavering support\Nof the international community, Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.34,0:18:17.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to stand with them, to bolster, Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.55,0:18:21.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bring even more support\Nat this time, to get the job finished. Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.31,0:18:24.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because finishing Ebola right now means Dialogue: 0,0:18:24.59,0:18:28.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turning the tables on this virus\Nand beginning to hunt it. Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.36,0:18:33.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, this virus, this whole crisis,\Nrather, started with one case, Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.64,0:18:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and is going to finish with one case. Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.42,0:18:40.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it will only finish if those countries\Nhave got enough epidemiologists, Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.68,0:18:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enough health workers, enough logisticians\Nand enough other people working with them Dialogue: 0,0:18:45.06,0:18:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be able to find every one\Nof those cases, track their contacts, Dialogue: 0,0:18:49.16,0:18:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make sure that this disease\Nstops once and for all. Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.78,0:18:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can tell you just having come back, Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.70,0:18:57.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are not complacent,\Nthey are not fatigued, Dialogue: 0,0:18:57.90,0:19:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they will finish the job,\Nif they have the support that they need. Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.98,0:19:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and gentlemen,\Nyou know the story of Ebola, Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.84,0:19:08.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we just told you the story\Nof Ebola, Ebola can be beaten. Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.68,0:19:11.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we need you to take this story out Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.56,0:19:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell it to the people who will listen Dialogue: 0,0:19:13.59,0:19:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and educate them\Non what it means to beat Ebola, Dialogue: 0,0:19:16.58,0:19:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and more importantly,\Nwe need you to advocate with the people Dialogue: 0,0:19:20.17,0:19:23.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who can help us bring the resources\Nwe need to these countries, Dialogue: 0,0:19:23.72,0:19:25.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to beat this disease. Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.62,0:19:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ladies and gentleman, Dialogue: 0,0:19:26.99,0:19:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are a lot of people out there\Nwho will survive and will thrive Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.84,0:19:34.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in part because of what you do\Nto help us beat Ebola. Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.33,0:19:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Dialogue: 0,0:19:35.49,0:19:36.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)