[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.74,0:00:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you are creatives,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.05,0:00:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,designers, engineers,\Nentrepreneurs, artists,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.70,0:00:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or maybe you just have\Na really big imagination?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.11,0:00:10.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Show of hands? (Cheers)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.98,0:00:12.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's most of you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.33,0:00:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have some news for us creatives.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.71,0:00:19.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over the course of the next 20 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.47,0:00:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more will change around\Nthe way we do our work
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.38,0:00:27.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than has happened in the last 2,000.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.51,0:00:33.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, I think we're at the dawn\Nof a new age in human history.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.64,0:00:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, there have been four major historical\Neras defined by the way we work.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.40,0:00:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Hunter-Gatherer Age\Nlasted several million years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.16,0:00:46.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the Agricultural Age\Nlasted several thousand years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.20,0:00:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Industrial Age lasted\Na couple of centuries.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.71,0:00:54.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now the Information Age\Nhas lasted just a few decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.02,0:01:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now today, we're on the cusp\Nof our next great era as a species.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.30,0:01:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to the Augmented Age.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.00,0:01:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In this new era, your natural human\Ncapabilities are going to be augmented
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.72,0:01:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by computational systems\Nthat help you think,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.81,0:01:12.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robotic systems that help you make,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.02,0:01:14.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a digital nervous system
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.69,0:01:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that connects you to the world\Nfar beyond your natural senses.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.44,0:01:21.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's start with cognitive augmentation.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.40,0:01:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How many of you are augmented cyborgs?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.13,0:01:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.81,0:01:29.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would actually argue\Nthat we're already augmented.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.29,0:01:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine you're at a party,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.82,0:01:35.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and somebody asks you a question\Nthat you don't know the answer to.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.36,0:01:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you have one of these,\Nin a few seconds, you can know the answer.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.87,0:01:42.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But this is just a primitive beginning.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.86,0:01:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even Siri is just a passive tool.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.66,0:01:50.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, for the last\Nthree-and-a-half million years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.06,0:01:53.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the tools that we've had\Nhave been completely passive.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.20,0:01:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do exactly what we tell them\Nand nothing more.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.88,0:02:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our very first tool only cut\Nwhere we struck it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.82,0:02:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The chisel only carves\Nwhere the artist points it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.34,0:02:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even our most advanced tools\Ndo nothing without our explicit direction.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.01,0:02:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, to date, and this\Nis something that frustrates me,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.21,0:02:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've always been limited
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.68,0:02:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by this need to manually\Npush our wills into our tools --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.21,0:02:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, manual,\Nliterally using our hands,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.53,0:02:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even with computers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.07,0:02:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm more like Scotty in "Star Trek."
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.56,0:02:28.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.43,0:02:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to have a conversation\Nwith a computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.60,0:02:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to say, "Computer,\Nlet's design a car,"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.60,0:02:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the computer shows me a car.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.16,0:02:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I say, "No, more fast-looking,\Nand less German,"
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.79,0:02:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bang, the computer shows me an option.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.98,0:02:41.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.21,0:02:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That conversation might be\Na little ways off,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.54,0:02:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably less than many of us think,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.23,0:02:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.01,0:02:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're working on it.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.19,0:02:54.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tools are making this leap\Nfrom being passive to being generative.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.83,0:02:58.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Generative design tools\Nuse a computer and algorithms
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.16,0:03:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to synthesize geometry
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.80,0:03:03.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with new designs\Nall by themselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.100,0:03:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All it needs are your goals\Nand your constraints.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.77,0:03:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'll give you an example.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.20,0:03:10.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the case of this aerial drone chassis,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.01,0:03:13.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all you would need to do\Nis tell it something like,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.66,0:03:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has four propellers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.96,0:03:17.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you want it to be\Nas lightweight as possible,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.11,0:03:19.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you need it to be\Naerodynamically efficient.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.41,0:03:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then what the computer does\Nis it explores the entire solution space:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.35,0:03:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every single possibility that solves\Nand meets your criteria --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.30,0:03:29.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,millions of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.76,0:03:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes big computers to do this.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.76,0:03:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it comes back to us with designs
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.74,0:03:36.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we, by ourselves,\Nnever could've imagined.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.33,0:03:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the computer's coming up\Nwith this stuff all by itself --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.26,0:03:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no one ever drew anything,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.96,0:03:44.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it started completely from scratch.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.04,0:03:47.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And by the way, it's no accident
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.45,0:03:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the drone body looks just like\Nthe pelvis of a flying squirrel.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.29,0:03:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.04,0:03:56.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's because the algorithms\Nare designed to work
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.37,0:03:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the same way evolution does.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.72,0:04:01.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's exciting is we're starting\Nto see this technology
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.40,0:04:02.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out in the real world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.58,0:04:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been working with Airbus\Nfor a couple of years
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.06,0:04:06.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on this concept plane for the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.99,0:04:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a ways out still.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.08,0:04:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But just recently we used\Na generative-design AI
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.89,0:04:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up with this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.61,0:04:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a 3D-printed cabin partition\Nthat's been designed by a computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.79,0:04:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's stronger than the original\Nyet half the weight,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.63,0:04:26.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will be flying\Nin the Airbus A320 later this year.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.40,0:04:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So computers can now generate;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.99,0:04:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can come up with their own solutions\Nto our well-defined problems.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.68,0:04:35.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they're not intuitive.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.01,0:04:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They still have to start from scratch\Nevery single time,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.12,0:04:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's because they never learn.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.37,0:04:44.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unlike Maggie.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.16,0:04:45.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.76,0:04:49.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maggie's actually smarter\Nthan our most advanced design tools.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.47,0:04:50.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do I mean by that?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.93,0:04:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If her owner picks up that leash,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.54,0:04:54.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maggie knows with a fair\Ndegree of certainty
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.64,0:04:56.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's time to go for a walk.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.06,0:04:57.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And how did she learn?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.27,0:05:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, every time the owner picked up\Nthe leash, they went for a walk.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.62,0:05:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Maggie did three things:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.52,0:05:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she had to pay attention,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.42,0:05:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she had to remember what happened
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.52,0:05:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she had to retain and create\Na pattern in her mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.43,0:05:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Interestingly, that's exactly what
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.55,0:05:16.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computer scientists\Nhave been trying to get AIs to do
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.10,0:05:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the last 60 or so years.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.68,0:05:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back in 1952,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.06,0:05:23.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they built this computer\Nthat could play Tic-Tac-Toe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.08,0:05:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Big deal.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.03,0:05:30.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then 45 years later, in 1997,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.05,0:05:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deep Blue beats Kasparov at chess.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.05,0:05:39.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2011, Watson beats these two\Nhumans at Jeopardy,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.04,0:05:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is much harder for a computer\Nto play than chess is.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.99,0:05:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, rather than working\Nfrom predefined recipes,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.83,0:05:49.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Watson had to use reasoning\Nto overcome his human opponents.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.39,0:05:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then a couple of weeks ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.86,0:05:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DeepMind's AlphaGo beats\Nthe world's best human at Go,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.14,0:05:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the most difficult\Ngame that we have.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.38,0:06:02.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, in Go, there are more\Npossible moves
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.30,0:06:04.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than there are atoms in the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.21,0:06:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in order to win,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.06,0:06:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what AlphaGo had to do\Nwas develop intuition.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.10,0:06:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, at some points,\NAlphaGo's programmers didn't understand
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.23,0:06:17.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why AlphaGo was doing what it was doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.45,0:06:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And things are moving really fast.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.14,0:06:24.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, consider --\Nin the space of a human lifetime,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.39,0:06:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,computers have gone from a child's game
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.92,0:06:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to what's recognized as the pinnacle\Nof strategic thought.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.100,0:06:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's basically happening
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.44,0:06:37.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is computers are going\Nfrom being like Spock
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.77,0:06:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to being a lot more like Kirk.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.75,0:06:43.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.39,0:06:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? From pure logic to intuition.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.18,0:06:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would you cross this bridge?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.61,0:06:52.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of you are saying, "Oh, hell no!"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.96,0:06:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.29,0:06:56.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you arrived at that decision\Nin a split second.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.97,0:06:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You just sort of knew\Nthat bridge was unsafe.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.42,0:07:01.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's exactly the kind of intuition
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.43,0:07:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that our deep-learning systems\Nare starting to develop right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.72,0:07:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very soon, you'll literally be able
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.45,0:07:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show something you've made,\Nyou've designed,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.68,0:07:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a computer,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.86,0:07:12.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it will look at it and say,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.37,0:07:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Sorry, homie, that'll never work.\NYou have to try again."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.85,0:07:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or you could ask it if people\Nare going to like your next song,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.77,0:07:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or your next flavor of ice cream.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.55,0:07:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or, much more importantly,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.15,0:07:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you could work with a computer\Nto solve a problem
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.54,0:07:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've never faced before.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.20,0:07:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.63,0:07:33.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're not doing a very\Ngood job on our own,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.67,0:07:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could certainly use\Nall the help we can get.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.94,0:07:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what I'm talking about,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.42,0:07:39.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,technology amplifying\Nour cognitive abilities
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.00,0:07:43.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so we can imagine and design things\Nthat were simply out of our reach
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.58,0:07:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as plain old un-augmented humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.98,0:07:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what about making\Nall of this crazy new stuff
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.95,0:07:53.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're going to invent and design?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.95,0:07:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the era of human augmentation\Nis as much about the physical world
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.07,0:08:01.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as it is about the virtual,\Nintellectual realm.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.83,0:08:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How will technology augment us?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.26,0:08:06.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the physical world, robotic systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.62,0:08:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, there's certainly a fear
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.38,0:08:11.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that robots are going to take\Njobs away from humans,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.89,0:08:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that is true in certain sectors.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.17,0:08:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm much more interested in this idea
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.08,0:08:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that humans and robots working together\Nare going to augment each other,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.11,0:08:24.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start to inhabit a new space.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.19,0:08:26.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is our applied research lab\Nin San Francisco,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.58,0:08:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where one of our areas of focus\Nis advanced robotics,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.74,0:08:32.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,specifically, human-robot collaboration.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.03,0:08:35.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is Bishop, one of our robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.82,0:08:37.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As an experiment, we set it up
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.63,0:08:41.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help a person working in construction\Ndoing repetitive tasks --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.98,0:08:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tasks like cutting out holes for outlets\Nor light switches in drywall.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.20,0:08:48.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.88,0:08:52.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Bishop's human partner\Ncan tell what to do in plain English
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.01,0:08:54.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with simple gestures,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.34,0:08:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of like talking to a dog,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.81,0:08:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then Bishop executes\Non those instructions
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.98,0:08:59.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with perfect precision.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.90,0:09:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're using the human\Nfor what the human is good at:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:02.91,0:09:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,awareness, perception and decision making.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.26,0:09:07.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're using the robot\Nfor what it's good at:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.53,0:09:09.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,precision and repetitiveness.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.25,0:09:12.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's another cool project\Nthat Bishop worked on.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.64,0:09:15.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goal of this project,\Nwhich we called the HIVE,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.74,0:09:19.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was to prototype the experience\Nof humans, computers and robots
Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.62,0:09:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all working together to solve\Na highly complex design problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.79,0:09:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The humans acted as labor.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.27,0:09:28.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They cruised around the construction site,\Nthey manipulated the bamboo --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.76,0:09:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, by the way,\Nbecause it's a non-isomorphic material,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.54,0:09:33.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is super hard for robots to deal with.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.44,0:09:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then the robots\Ndid this fiber winding,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.49,0:09:37.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was almost impossible\Nfor a human to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.96,0:09:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we had an AI\Nthat was controlling everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.61,0:09:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was telling the humans what to do,\Ntelling the robots what to do
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.92,0:09:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and keeping track of thousands\Nof individual components.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.86,0:09:49.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's interesting is,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.07,0:09:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,building this pavilion\Nwas simply not possible
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.23,0:09:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without human, robot and AI\Naugmenting each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.89,0:10:01.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, I'll share one more project.\NThis one's a little bit crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.23,0:10:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're working with Amsterdam-based artist\NJoris Laarman and his team at MX3D
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.73,0:10:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to generatively design\Nand robotically print
Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.63,0:10:11.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world's first autonomously\Nmanufactured bridge.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.32,0:10:16.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Joris and an AI are designing\Nthis thing right now, as we speak,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.02,0:10:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Amsterdam.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.22,0:10:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when they're done,\Nwe're going to hit "Go,"
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.56,0:10:22.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and robots will start 3D printing\Nin stainless steel,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.90,0:10:26.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then they're going to keep printing,\Nwithout human intervention,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.21,0:10:27.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the bridge is finished.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.10,0:10:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, as computers are going\Nto augment our ability
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.05,0:10:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to imagine and design new stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.22,0:10:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,robotic systems are going to help us\Nbuild and make things
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.14,0:10:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've never been able to make before.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.35,0:10:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what about our ability\Nto sense and control these things?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.53,0:10:48.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about a nervous system\Nfor the things that we make?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.59,0:10:51.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our nervous system,\Nthe human nervous system,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.12,0:10:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tells us everything\Nthat's going on around us.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.19,0:10:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the nervous system of the things\Nwe make is rudimentary at best.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.89,0:11:01.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, a car doesn't tell\Nthe city's public works department
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.48,0:11:04.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it just hit a pothole at the corner\Nof Broadway and Morrison.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.64,0:11:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A building doesn't tell its designers
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.69,0:11:09.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether or not the people inside\Nlike being there,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.40,0:11:12.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the toy manufacturer doesn't know
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.43,0:11:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if a toy is actually being played with --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.46,0:11:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how and where and whether\Nor not it's any fun.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.62,0:11:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Look, I'm sure that the designers\Nimagined this lifestyle for Barbie
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.46,0:11:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they designed her.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.71,0:11:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.18,0:11:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what if it turns out that Barbie's\Nactually really lonely?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.11,0:11:30.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.27,0:11:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the designers had known
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.58,0:11:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what was really happening\Nin the real world
Dialogue: 0,0:11:34.71,0:11:37.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with their designs -- the road,\Nthe building, Barbie --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.32,0:11:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could've used that knowledge\Nto create an experience
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.03,0:11:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was better for the user.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.46,0:11:43.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's missing is a nervous system
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.27,0:11:46.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,connecting us to all of the things\Nthat we design, make and use.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.92,0:11:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if all of you had that kind\Nof information flowing to you
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.49,0:11:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the things you create\Nin the real world?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.43,0:11:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With all of the stuff we make,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.91,0:11:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we spend a tremendous amount\Nof money and energy --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.37,0:12:01.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in fact, last year,\Nabout two trillion dollars --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.77,0:12:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,convincing people to buy\Nthe things we've made.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.64,0:12:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you had this connection\Nto the things that you design and create
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.06,0:12:09.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after they're out in the real world,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.81,0:12:13.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after they've been sold\Nor launched or whatever,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.44,0:12:15.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could actually change that,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.09,0:12:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and go from making people want our stuff,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.16,0:12:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to just making stuff that people\Nwant in the first place.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.62,0:12:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The good news is, we're working\Non digital nervous systems
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.43,0:12:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that connect us to the things we design.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.36,0:12:29.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're working on one project
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.02,0:12:33.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with a couple of guys down in Los Angeles\Ncalled the Bandito Brothers
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.75,0:12:35.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and their team.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.18,0:12:38.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the things these guys do\Nis build insane cars
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.64,0:12:41.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that do absolutely insane things.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.90,0:12:44.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guys are crazy --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.38,0:12:45.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.44,0:12:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the best way.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.99,0:12:50.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we're doing with them
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.78,0:12:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is taking a traditional race-car chassis
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.24,0:12:54.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and giving it a nervous system.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.85,0:12:57.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we instrumented it\Nwith dozens of sensors,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.94,0:13:00.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put a world-class driver behind the wheel,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.59,0:13:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took it out to the desert\Nand drove the hell out of it for a week.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.98,0:13:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the car's nervous system\Ncaptured everything
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.49,0:13:07.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was happening to the car.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.100,0:13:10.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We captured four billion data points;
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.64,0:13:12.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of the forces\Nthat it was subjected to.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.98,0:13:14.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we did something crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.27,0:13:16.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We took all of that data,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.79,0:13:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and plugged it into a generative-design AI\Nwe call "Dreamcatcher."
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.27,0:13:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what do get when you give\Na design tool a nervous system,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.26,0:13:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you ask it to build you\Nthe ultimate car chassis?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.72,0:13:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You get this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.29,0:13:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is something that a human\Ncould never have designed.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.71,0:13:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Except a human did design this,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.62,0:13:42.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it was a human that was augmented\Nby a generative-design AI,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.95,0:13:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a digital nervous system
Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.21,0:13:47.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and robots that can actually\Nfabricate something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.68,0:13:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if this is the future,\Nthe Augmented Age,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.30,0:13:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're going to be augmented\Ncognitively, physically and perceptually,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.58,0:13:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what will that look like?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.58,0:14:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is this wonderland going to be like?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.92,0:14:02.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we're going to see a world
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.65,0:14:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we're moving\Nfrom things that are fabricated
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.75,0:14:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to things that are farmed.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.16,0:14:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where we're moving from things\Nthat are constructed
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.64,0:14:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to that which is grown.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.13,0:14:16.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to move from being isolated
Dialogue: 0,0:14:16.35,0:14:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to being connected.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.63,0:14:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we'll move away from extraction
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.07,0:14:22.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to embrace aggregation.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.97,0:14:27.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I also think we'll shift\Nfrom craving obedience from our things
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.76,0:14:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to valuing autonomy.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.51,0:14:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks to our augmented capabilities,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:32.44,0:14:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our world is going to change dramatically.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.58,0:14:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to have a world\Nwith more variety, more connectedness,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.85,0:14:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more dynamism, more complexity,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.16,0:14:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more adaptability and, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.50,0:14:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more beauty.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.23,0:14:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The shape of things to come
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.82,0:14:49.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will be unlike anything\Nwe've ever seen before.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.13,0:14:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:50.32,0:14:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because what will be shaping those things\Nis this new partnership
Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.10,0:14:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between technology, nature and humanity.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:59.28,0:15:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That, to me, is a future\Nwell worth looking forward to.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:03.11,0:15:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you all so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.40,0:15:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)