[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.08,0:00:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello, everybody. Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.30,0:00:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to the Open Translation lounge Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.80,0:00:18.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the TED Found In Translation\Nsessions here at TEDGlobal in Scotland. Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.64,0:00:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, we have two speakers. Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.36,0:00:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First for us this week, Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.00,0:00:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have An Xiao Mina,\Nwho just left the stage minutes ago. Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.75,0:00:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Hetain Patel, who actually\Ndelivered his talk several days ago. Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.00,0:00:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also joining us here on the stage\Nis Coco from Hong Kong, Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.64,0:00:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shadia from Mauritius Island,\Nand Jan from the Czech Republic. Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.44,0:00:40.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Joining us online, over here,\Nwe have Matti from Hong Kong, Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.48,0:00:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jason from Hong Kong as well, Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.68,0:00:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anna from Italy and Anja from Slovenia. Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.44,0:00:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Hi. Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.64,0:00:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Welcome.\NI'm going to start with you, An. Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.69,0:00:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fantastic talk,\Nthank you so much for joining us. Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.44,0:00:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your talk was all about memes\Nas a means of expression. Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.72,0:00:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the examples were highly localised,\Nbut they're also universal. Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.67,0:01:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everyone got them immediately. Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.28,0:01:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Could you talk about that in the context Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.23,0:01:05.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of having all these people\Nfrom around the world? Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.50,0:01:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Sure. What's really interesting\Nto me about Internet culture Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.78,0:01:12.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is if we think about Hollywood -\NI grew up partially in the Philippines, Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.28,0:01:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my family is Filipino-Chinese - Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.76,0:01:16.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I remember travelling around\Nand going to the most rural areas Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.80,0:01:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the Philippines,\Nseeing people with Coke bottles Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.20,0:01:20.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or watching Hollywood movies. Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.75,0:01:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's always the sense of Hollywood\Nor mass media providing a global culture. Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.96,0:01:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I'm interested in\Nis Internet culture. Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.60,0:01:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's more like a ground up\Nversion of that, Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.40,0:01:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's coming from a local version. Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.88,0:01:35.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why I used the word 'street-art',\Nor hip-hop culture. Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.70,0:01:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm interested in how Internet culture\Ncan become this bridge culture. Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.72,0:01:43.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like I can talk about\NArnold Schwarzenegger in rural Uganda, Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.44,0:01:45.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or in New York City. Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.32,0:01:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just two days ago, I was talking\Nwith an Italian, an Indian and then me - Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.04,0:01:50.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sounds like an intro to a joke, Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.72,0:01:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was because we were all talking\Nabout how people in Italy, in India Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.12,0:01:58.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in Uganda were all filming their\Nministers of government falling asleep. Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.00,0:02:00.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That became an Internet meme. Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.68,0:02:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It suddenly became this bridge. Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.52,0:02:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Oh, your ministers fall asleep, too!" Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.48,0:02:08.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, so, I'm interested in how\Nthis Internet culture Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.08,0:02:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can be a bridge culture\Nthat's driven by people. Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.64,0:02:13.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is incredibly local\Nand becomes a bridge for storytelling, Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.64,0:02:17.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe even for global,\Ncivic engagement, global understanding. Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.29,0:02:20.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now I know a little bit more\Nabout what's going on in India, Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.08,0:02:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way I can relate to. Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.68,0:02:25.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, that's really what I hope\Npeople really got from the talk. Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.00,0:02:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And kind of what I'm looking at\Nwith my founding partner, Jason Li, Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.16,0:02:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with our new site called The Civic Beat, Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.03,0:02:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is can this be a bridge for storytelling, Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.26,0:02:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then, from there,\Nactive engagement online. Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.48,0:02:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And global understanding. Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.56,0:02:39.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Great. Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.76,0:02:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, I'd like to take\Na question from the Skype crowd. Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.54,0:02:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Does anybody have a question\Nfor An to begin with? Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.16,0:02:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I can start,\Nbut I don't think I have a question. Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.60,0:02:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to comment on this\Nactivism side of the argument Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.52,0:02:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we recently had\Nsome protests in Slovenia Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.12,0:03:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was quite a shock because\Na lot of people said they would be coming, Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.20,0:03:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not a lot of people came. Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.20,0:03:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So are memes just a form\Nof online activism Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.52,0:03:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that isn't translated into public space, Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.80,0:03:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, therefore, lacks some kind of\Npolitical legitimacy Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.80,0:03:18.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for politicians and the government? Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.40,0:03:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- That's a really great question. Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's something I've struggled with a lot Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.32,0:03:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it does seem like\Nwe're sharing pictures of cats. Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.56,0:03:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like, what is this doing? Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.32,0:03:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You know, one phrase I use, Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.85,0:03:32.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the reason I brought in\Nthis essay from Havel Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.27,0:03:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is this notion of a ladder of engagement\Nto civic expression. Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.43,0:03:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It always starts with little steps. Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.52,0:03:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, certainly, many times, Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.92,0:03:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see instances where people\Nare talking a lot online. Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.00,0:03:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it doesn't seem\Nlike they're engaging offline. Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.08,0:03:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, then, over time, Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.48,0:03:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and one of my favourite examples\Nis the sunglasses meme Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.56,0:03:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I ended the talk on, Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.04,0:03:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where everyone was wearing\Nsunglasses for Chen Guangcheng. Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.52,0:04:00.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, it seems like\Nthis is just empty expression, Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.48,0:04:02.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not going anywhere,\Nnothing's happening. Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.96,0:04:05.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, again, if you think about\Nthe context of China, Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.88,0:04:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there's heavy suppression\Nof any kind of political-public assembly, Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.44,0:04:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there is actually reports of people\Nwearing sunglasses Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.32,0:04:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a form of flash mob in physical space. Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.20,0:04:18.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They actually went to the town\Nwhere Chen was being held, Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.96,0:04:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nearby where he was being held, Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.64,0:04:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they assembled together,\Nand all wore sunglasses. Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.72,0:04:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That became a form\Nof physical public assembly. Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.36,0:04:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it's hard to imagine that happening\Nwithout first the meme popping up. Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.36,0:04:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it doesn't always happen that way, Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.92,0:04:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's so many cases where\Nwe're seeing how a meme presages Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.52,0:04:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any kind of physical action or assembly\Nthat it's really convinced me Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.76,0:04:45.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it really is the beginning\Nof a larger engagement. Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.36,0:04:48.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it might be discouraging\Nat the beginning to see people Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.44,0:04:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clicking and pointing, but I don't want\Nto see that as a dichotomy. Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.64,0:04:53.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to a protest wearing a button, Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.60,0:04:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that meme is very much similar\Nto a button. Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.04,0:04:57.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a form of visual expression Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.64,0:05:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've seen in all kinds\Nof social movements in history. Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.60,0:05:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I'd like to bring in Hetain. Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.04,0:05:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were talking yesterday\Nabout how, obviously, Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.52,0:05:06.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,memes are a way of expressing ourselves, Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.64,0:05:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how language actually -\Nwe express ourselves in different ways. Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.16,0:05:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The idea of do we have a different\Nidentity in every language that we speak. Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.12,0:05:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yeah, I mean, there's a lot of reasons\Nwhy you might feel as though Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.52,0:05:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have a different identity\Nwhen you speak a different language. Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.00,0:05:23.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might be due to vocabulary. Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.24,0:05:26.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, from my personal experience,\Nif I'm speaking Gujarati, Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.56,0:05:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an Indian language, there's certain things Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.32,0:05:33.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm used to talking about in that language\Nwith my grandmother, domestic things. Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.84,0:05:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In English, I might talk about\Na whole different kind of things. Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.80,0:05:38.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In French, something else. Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.20,0:05:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, it might be the kind of topic\Nyou speak about, Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.68,0:05:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, then, also, something\Ncomes in in the vocabulary also, Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.16,0:05:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in how you think about things,\Nthrough different languages. Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.76,0:05:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I actually think\Nit's not just language. Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.72,0:05:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even with one language,\Nyou kind of change who you are, Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.24,0:05:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending who you talk to anyway. Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.95,0:06:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I guess, every day, we're performing\Ndifferent versions of ourselves. Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.92,0:06:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- One of the most popular things I've seen\Nis Photoshop remixes of police brutality. Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.72,0:06:13.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a meme in China\Ncalled The Fat Cop. Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.28,0:06:17.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was a protest\Nin Shifang about pollution, Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.20,0:06:20.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's this fat cop\Nthat was hitting people. Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.28,0:06:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, obviously, very frightening. Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.52,0:06:26.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People took that cop and started\Nputting him into other images. Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.08,0:06:29.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He looked like he was running,\Nso they put him into, like, movies Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.20,0:06:31.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where he looks like he's chasing\Nafter Tom Cruise, Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.48,0:06:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into all these weird images. Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.64,0:06:37.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a really similar thing happened\Nin the United States where, Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.64,0:06:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know who's from the US, Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.20,0:06:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but if you remember the pepper\Nspraying cop, the famous cop Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.12,0:06:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was pepper spraying students\Nwho were engaging in the Occupy movement. Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.68,0:06:49.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he looked like he was\Nliterally watering the plants. Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.44,0:06:52.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, so, people took that image of him,\Nagain, a terrifying image, Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.68,0:06:56.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they took that terror away\Nby putting it into a context of humour, Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.05,0:07:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and started Photoshopping him\Ninto images of him, like, Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.36,0:07:04.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,watering the roses,\Nor spray-painting in a movie. Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.20,0:07:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, those images, they break language. Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.40,0:07:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know exactly what's going on in China,\NI know exactly what is happening, Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.80,0:07:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if I'm looking at a meme\Nthat's coming from Egypt, Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.52,0:07:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I don't speak the language, Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.48,0:07:19.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I can see and understand it,\Nin a way, because it's a visual language, Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.89,0:07:22.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's really compelling to me. Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.02,0:07:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I want to bring in someone from Skype.\NAnna, I'd like to bring you. Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.19,0:07:28.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you have a question for Hetain\Nor An Xiao Mina? Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.68,0:07:30.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Yes, hello. Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.60,0:07:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was wondering if you think there's any\Ndifference between memes in China Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.36,0:07:41.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the other countries,\Njust because China's Internet is censored? Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.48,0:07:44.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I think we see a lot of creativity\Nbecause of censorship. Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.64,0:07:46.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of the talks this week Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.51,0:07:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were talking about how creativity\Nand innovation come out of necessity. Dialogue: 0,0:07:49.76,0:07:53.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, so, China's Internet\Nhas two things going for it. Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.32,0:07:55.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's one of the world's largest Internets. Dialogue: 0,0:07:55.48,0:07:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it may have recently become\Nthe world's largest Internet. Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.56,0:08:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The infrastructure is there to support\Na lot of creativity and remixing. Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.92,0:08:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, on the other side, it's one\Nof the world's most censored Internets. Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.36,0:08:07.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you have these two factors. Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.28,0:08:09.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A lot of people can be creative online, Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.52,0:08:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then their voices\Nare stamped on more often. Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.68,0:08:16.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, recently, there were images\Nof Tiananmen Square - Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.20,0:08:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if you remember\Nthe infamous tank image, three tanks, Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.52,0:08:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the man standing up to it - Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.36,0:08:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were two images\Nthat stuck out to me. Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.04,0:08:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One was someone had replaced the tanks\Nwith a kitten looking at the person. Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.72,0:08:33.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And another one, they actually replaced\Nthe tanks with rubber ducks, Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.80,0:08:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rubber ducks had become\Na meme earlier, Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.24,0:08:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there's a big rubber duck\Nfloating in Hong Kong, Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.92,0:08:39.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an art installation. Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.96,0:08:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, so, that image is incredibly,\Nincredibly censored in China. Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.56,0:08:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But by creating these other ways,\Nputting in a cat, Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.32,0:08:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, what goes more viral\Non the Internet than a cat? Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.44,0:08:55.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a way to get the message\Nout there, really quickly. Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.16,0:08:58.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Of course, it got deleted pretty quickly,\Nbut it also spread pretty quickly. Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.96,0:09:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I don't want to say\Nthat their creativity is different. Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.52,0:09:08.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Part of my talk is that there's actually\Na lot of really similar creativity Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.32,0:09:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the world, but in China,\Nyou do have this element of censorship Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.60,0:09:16.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that compels creativity\Nin more frequent cases, at least for now. Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.48,0:09:18.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- OK, thank you.\N- I think, you know, Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.16,0:09:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've only looked at three contexts -\Nat China, a little bit of Philippines, Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.16,0:09:25.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Uganda, and then United States. Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.68,0:09:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are some similar themes. Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.16,0:09:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Police brutality tends to be actually\Na similar theme across all of these areas. Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.76,0:09:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And growing up in Los Angeles,\NI understand why that is. Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.40,0:09:37.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw police brutality myself. Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.68,0:09:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a frightening situation. Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.84,0:09:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, using humour diffuses that, Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.88,0:09:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so, it becomes a very common way\Nto express ourselves Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.72,0:09:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and often people, especially in areas\Nwhere there's limited free speech, Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.16,0:09:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people will remix images of their leaders,\Nso you see a lot of that. Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.12,0:09:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, often, it's very local. Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.88,0:10:02.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the more compelling memes\Ncoming out of Sub-Saharan Africa, Dialogue: 0,0:10:02.16,0:10:04.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I showed one,\NTweet Like A Foreign Journalist, Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.48,0:10:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the Spanish Prime Minister\Nhad said... Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.88,0:10:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Spanish economy was tanking, Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.40,0:10:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Spanish Prime Minister sent\Na text message to his finance minister, Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.40,0:10:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said, 'Don't worry -\NSpain is not Uganda'. Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.32,0:10:18.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Uganda's pounced on this. Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.87,0:10:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They started saying,\N'Uganda is not Spain'. Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.86,0:10:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they started posting statistics\Nabout how Uganda's economy is rising, Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.22,0:10:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all these kinds of issues. Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.62,0:10:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's something really common\NI've seen in Sub-Saharan Africa, Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.92,0:10:33.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because Sub-Saharan Africa in particular\Nis misrepresented in global media Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.84,0:10:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much more often than other places. Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.44,0:10:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, yes, there are some themes, Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.48,0:10:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you can find very local ones\Nthat are really interesting. Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.88,0:10:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- We have a question from Hong Kong.\NActually, Matti. Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.04,0:10:47.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Do you think is this a new phenomenon, Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.04,0:10:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,merged with the Internet, Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.02,0:10:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or do you have any pre-Internet samples Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.34,0:11:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of remixing, for example picture\Nof leaders, and stuff like that? Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.60,0:11:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Oh, yeah, absolutely. Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.20,0:11:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's new about the Internet\Nis that it's faster. Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.84,0:11:10.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I haven't seen anything in history\Nthat's filled with such weirdness. Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.80,0:11:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I haven't seen cats and llamas\Nand dogs and pigs. Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.64,0:11:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I was just talking with someone, Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.82,0:11:19.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and since we're in the UK,\Nthis is appropriate, Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.01,0:11:21.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's this British publisher, Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.88,0:11:25.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I forget the century,\Nbut his name was John Wilkes. Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.64,0:11:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was publishing\Nthe North Briton newspaper. Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.00,0:11:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was considered at the time\Na very edgy newspaper. Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.20,0:11:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The 45th issue angered the government\Nso much that they destroyed Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.92,0:11:41.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the printing presses\Nand they censored the magazine. Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.88,0:11:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then they arrested John Wilkes. Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.52,0:11:46.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, then, shortly after he's arrested, Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.80,0:11:48.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just like the sunflower seeds,\Nthe number 45 Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.00,0:11:51.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started popping up on walls and, again, Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.56,0:11:53.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is why I bring that analogy\Nwith street art, Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.80,0:11:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there is a long history of people Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.20,0:11:59.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking symbols and images\Nand putting them out Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.36,0:12:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a way of speaking out, even when\Nthat message is being suppressed. Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.68,0:12:05.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- I just want to bring in\Nsome of our translator panellists. Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.68,0:12:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you have a question\Nfor either Hetain or An? Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.28,0:12:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Our president gets mocked a lot,\Nbut, like, he never... Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.92,0:12:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I always thought if he can reply\Nwith humour, Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.04,0:12:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would be really nice\Nto solve the situation, Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.68,0:12:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm wondering, is there any example Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.36,0:12:30.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how government can handle\Nthis in a rather humorous way? Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.88,0:12:34.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- Humorous way,\Nyeah, that's a great question. Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.20,0:12:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if any Americans here Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.40,0:12:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,remember the Hillary Clinton texting meme\Nthat popped up? Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.12,0:12:42.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That wasn't a political commentary. Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.59,0:12:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was just her looking really bad-ass. Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.42,0:12:46.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was wearing sunglasses and texting. Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.30,0:12:48.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are all kinds of joke texts\Ncoming from her Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.78,0:12:49.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how cool she was. Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.94,0:12:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she just opened a Twitter account,\Nand it's that photo. Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.72,0:12:56.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I think she's doing it well. Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.16,0:12:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Granted, it wasn't criticising her, Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.24,0:13:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but she did it well\Nin terms of embracing it. Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.56,0:13:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think, there's certainly\Na culture gap, a generation gap, Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.04,0:13:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I do hope that it opens up\Na door for using humour Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.08,0:13:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I think that would be great, Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.92,0:13:13.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if persons in power can use humour Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.80,0:13:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help talk about\Noften very difficult issues. Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.98,0:13:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- We're going to have to wrap it,\Nwe have to head back into session. Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.18,0:13:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you, An Xiao Mina, and thank you,\NHetain Patel, for joining us. Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.34,0:13:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And thank you, all the translators.\NThank you very much. Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.86,0:13:27.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)