[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.05,0:00:04.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many of you have probably seen\Nthe movie "The Martian."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.14,0:00:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But for those of you who did not,\Nit's a movie about an astronaut
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.98,0:00:13.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is stranded on Mars,\Nand his efforts to stay alive
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.55,0:00:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until the Earth can send a rescue mission\Nto bring him back to Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.20,0:00:22.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Gladly, they do re-establish communication
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.37,0:00:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the character,\Nastronaut Watney, at some point
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.93,0:00:30.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that he's not as alone\Non Mars until he can be rescued.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.73,0:00:33.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while you're watching the movie,\Nor even if you haven't,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.51,0:00:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you think about Mars,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.08,0:00:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're probably thinking about\Nhow far away it is and how distant.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.91,0:00:42.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, what might not\Nhave occurred to you is,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.51,0:00:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what are the logistics really like\Nof working on another planet --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.43,0:00:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of living on two planets
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.70,0:00:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when there are people on the Earth\Nand there are rovers or people on Mars?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.56,0:00:58.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So think about when you have friends,\Nfamilies and co-workers
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.74,0:01:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in California, on the West Coast\Nor in other parts of the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.22,0:01:04.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you're trying\Nto communicate with them,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.30,0:01:06.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one of the things\Nyou probably first think about is:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.76,0:01:08.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wait, what time is it in California?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.88,0:01:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will I wake them up? Is it OK to call?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.88,0:01:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So even if you're interacting\Nwith colleagues who are in Europe,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.26,0:01:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're immediately thinking about:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.32,0:01:24.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What does it take to coordinate\Ncommunication when people are far away?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.97,0:01:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we don't have people on Mars\Nright now, but we do have rovers.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.58,0:01:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And actually right now, on Curiosity,\Nit is 6:10 in the morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.71,0:01:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, 6:10 in the morning on Mars.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.88,0:01:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have four rovers on Mars.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.90,0:01:44.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The United States has put four rovers\Non Mars since the mid-1990s,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.93,0:01:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I have been privileged enough\Nto work on three of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.90,0:01:53.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, I am a spacecraft engineer,\Na spacecraft operations engineer,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.44,0:01:58.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory\Nin Los Angeles, California.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.86,0:02:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And these rovers\Nare our robotic emissaries.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.04,0:02:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, they are our eyes and our ears,\Nand they see the planet for us
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.34,0:02:11.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until we can send people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.20,0:02:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we learn how to operate\Non other planets through these rovers.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.52,0:02:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So before we send people, we send robots.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.33,0:02:25.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the reason there's a time difference\Non Mars right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.30,0:02:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the time that we're at
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.63,0:02:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is because the Martian day\Nis longer than the Earth day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.95,0:02:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our Earth day is 24 hours,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.78,0:02:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's how long it takes\Nthe Earth to rotate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.17,0:02:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how long it takes to go around once.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.20,0:02:41.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So our day is 24 hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.49,0:02:48.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It takes Mars 24 hours and approximately\N40 minutes to rotate once.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.33,0:02:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that means that the Martian day\Nis 40 minutes longer than the Earth day.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.21,0:03:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So teams of people who are operating\Nthe rovers on Mars, like this one,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.39,0:03:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we are doing is we are living\Non Earth, but working on Mars.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.82,0:03:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have to think as if we are actually\Non Mars with the rover.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.65,0:03:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our job, the job of this team,\Nof which I'm a part of,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.26,0:03:21.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is to send commands to the rover\Nto tell it what to do the next day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.21,0:03:25.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To tell it to drive or drill\Nor tell her whatever she's supposed to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.55,0:03:30.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while she's sleeping --\Nand the rover does sleep at night
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.04,0:03:32.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she needs\Nto recharge her batteries
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.44,0:03:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she needs to weather\Nthe cold Martian night.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.36,0:03:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so she sleeps.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.74,0:03:42.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while she sleeps, we work\Non her program for the next day.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.86,0:03:45.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I work the Martian night shift.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.86,0:03:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.48,0:03:54.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in order to come to work on the Earth\Nat the same time every day on Mars --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.13,0:03:56.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, let's say I need to be\Nat work at 5:00 p.m.,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.56,0:04:02.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this team needs to be at work\Nat 5:00 p.m. Mars time every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.15,0:04:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we have to come to work\Non the Earth 40 minutes later every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.14,0:04:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to stay in sync with Mars.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.34,0:04:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's like moving a time zone every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.32,0:04:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So one day you come in at 8:00,\Nthe next day 40 minutes later at 8:40,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.80,0:04:24.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the next day 40 minutes later at 9:20,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.09,0:04:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the next day at 10:00.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.71,0:04:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you keep moving 40 minutes every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.31,0:04:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until soon you're coming to work\Nin the middle of the night --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.32,0:04:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the middle of the Earth night.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.16,0:04:37.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? So you can imagine\Nhow confusing that is.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.80,0:04:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hence, the Mars watch.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.98,0:04:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.00,0:04:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This weights in this watch\Nhave been mechanically adjusted
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.55,0:04:47.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that it runs more slowly.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.10,0:04:48.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? And we didn't start out --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.01,0:04:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I got this watch in 2004
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.26,0:04:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Spirit and Opportunity,\Nthe rovers back then.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.59,0:04:56.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We didn't start out thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.22,0:04:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we were going to need Mars watches.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.68,0:05:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? We thought, OK,\Nwe'll just have the time on our computers
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.13,0:05:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and on the mission control screens,\Nand that would be enough.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.80,0:05:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, not so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.21,0:05:11.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we weren't just\Nworking on Mars time,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.08,0:05:14.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we were actually living on Mars time.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.26,0:05:18.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we got just instantaneously confused\Nabout what time it was.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.57,0:05:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you really needed something\Non your wrist to tell you:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.39,0:05:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What time is it on the Earth?\NWhat time is it on Mars?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.11,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it wasn't just the time on Mars\Nthat was confusing;
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.02,0:05:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we also needed to be able\Nto talk to each other about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.34,0:05:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So a "sol" is a Martian day --\Nagain, 24 hours and 40 minutes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:42.99,0:05:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when we're talking about something\Nthat's happening on the Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.21,0:05:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will say, today.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.23,0:05:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for Mars, we say, "tosol."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.08,0:05:52.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.99,0:05:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yesterday became "yestersol" for Mars.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.84,0:06:03.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, we didn't start out thinking,\N"Oh, let's invent a language."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.37,0:06:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was just very confusing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.68,0:06:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I remember somebody\Nwalked up to me and said,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.89,0:06:10.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"I would like to do this activity\Non the vehicle tomorrow, on the rover."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.34,0:06:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "Tomorrow, tomorrow,\Nor Mars, tomorrow?"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.99,0:06:21.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We started this terminology because\Nwe needed a way to talk to each other.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.06,0:06:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.22,0:06:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tomorrow became "nextersol" or "solorrow."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.22,0:06:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because people have different preferences\Nfor the words they use.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.86,0:06:34.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of you might say "soda"\Nand some of you might say "pop."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.83,0:06:38.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have people who say\N"nextersol" or "solorrow."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.56,0:06:43.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then something that I noticed after\Na few years of working on these missions,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.31,0:06:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that the people who work\Non the rovers, we say "tosol."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.43,0:06:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The people who work on the\Nlanded missions that don't rove around,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.98,0:06:53.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they say "tosoul."
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.96,0:06:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I could actually tell what mission\Nyou worked on from your Martian accent.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:58.70,0:07:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.98,0:07:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have the watches and the language,\Nand you're detecting a theme here, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.86,0:07:07.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that we don't get confused.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.42,0:07:12.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But even the Earth daylight\Ncould confuse us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.67,0:07:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you think that right now,\Nyou've come to work
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.03,0:07:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's the middle of the Martian night
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.15,0:07:20.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's light streaming in\Nfrom the windows
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.47,0:07:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's going to be confusing as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.08,0:07:25.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can see from\Nthis image of the control room
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.61,0:07:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that all of the blinds are down.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.90,0:07:30.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So that there's no light to distract us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.93,0:07:35.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The blinds went down all over the building\Nabout a week before landing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.31,0:07:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they didn't go up\Nuntil we went off Mars time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.03,0:07:42.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this also works\Nfor the house, for at home.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.23,0:07:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've been on Mars time three times,\Nand my husband is like,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.03,0:07:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, we're getting ready for Mars time.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.87,0:07:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so he'll put foil all over the windows\Nand dark curtains and shades
Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.09,0:07:56.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it also affects your families.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.26,0:08:01.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so here I was living in kind of\Nthis darkened environment, but so was he.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.70,0:08:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he'd gotten used to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.02,0:08:06.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then I would get these plaintive\Nemails from him when he was at work.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.26,0:08:10.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Should I come home? Are you awake?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.57,0:08:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What time is it on Mars?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.73,0:08:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I decided, OK,\Nso he needs a Mars watch.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.25,0:08:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.81,0:08:22.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of course, it's 2016,\Nso there's an app for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.27,0:08:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.57,0:08:28.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now instead of the watches,\Nwe can also use our phones.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.60,0:08:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the impact on families\Nwas just across the board;
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.76,0:08:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wasn't just those of us\Nwho were working on the rovers
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.45,0:08:38.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but our families as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.69,0:08:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is David Oh,\None of our flight directors,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.19,0:08:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's at the beach in Los Angeles\Nwith his family at 1:00 in the morning.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.69,0:08:47.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.14,0:08:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So because we landed in August
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.14,0:08:54.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and his kids didn't have to go back\Nto school until September,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.61,0:08:59.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they actually went on to Mars time\Nwith him for one month.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.38,0:09:04.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They got up 40 minutes later every day.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.18,0:09:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they were on dad's work schedule.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.38,0:09:10.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they lived on Mars time for a month\Nand had these great adventures,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.38,0:09:12.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like going bowling\Nin the middle of the night
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.50,0:09:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or going to the beach.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.15,0:09:17.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the things\Nthat we all discovered
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.53,0:09:21.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is you can get anywhere in Los Angeles
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.54,0:09:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at 3:00 in the morning\Nwhen there's no traffic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.12,0:09:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.62,0:09:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we would get off work,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.84,0:09:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we didn't want to go home\Nand bother our families,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.97,0:09:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we were hungry, so instead of\Ngoing locally to eat something,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.19,0:09:37.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we'd go, "Wait, there's this great\Nall-night deli in Long Beach,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.78,0:09:40.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we can get there in 10 minutes!"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.04,0:09:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we would drive down --\Nit was like the 60s, no traffic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.79,0:09:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would drive down there,\Nand the restaurant owners would go,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.57,0:09:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Who are you people?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.42,0:09:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And why are you at my restaurant\Nat 3:00 in the morning?"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.96,0:09:58.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they came to realize\Nthat there were these packs of Martians,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.66,0:10:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,roaming the LA freeways,\Nin the middle of the night --
Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.29,0:10:07.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the middle of the Earth night.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.34,0:10:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we did actually\Nstart calling ourselves Martians.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.58,0:10:18.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So those of us who were on Mars time\Nwould refer to ourselves as Martians,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.21,0:10:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and everyone else as Earthlings.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.09,0:10:22.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.41,0:10:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's because when you're moving\Na time-zone every day,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.13,0:10:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you start to really feel separated\Nfrom everyone else.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.97,0:10:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You're literally in your own world.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.70,0:10:45.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I have this button on that says,\N"I survived Mars time. Sol 0-90."
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.65,0:10:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a picture of it\Nup on the screen.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.42,0:10:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the reason we got these buttons\Nis because we work on Mars time
Dialogue: 0,0:10:54.08,0:10:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to be as efficient as possible\Nwith the rover on Mars,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.15,0:11:01.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make the best use of our time.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.46,0:11:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we don't stay on Mars time\Nfor more than three to four months.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.37,0:11:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually, we'll move to a modified Mars\Ntime, which is what we're working now.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.38,0:11:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's because it's hard on\Nyour bodies, it's hard on your families.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.06,0:11:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there were sleep researchers\Nwho actually were studying us
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.97,0:11:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was so unusual for humans\Nto try to extend their day.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.33,0:11:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they had about 30 of us
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.64,0:11:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they would do\Nsleep deprivation experiments on.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.29,0:11:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I would come in and take the test\Nand I fell asleep in each one.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.88,0:11:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that was because, again,\Nthis eventually becomes hard on your body.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.54,0:11:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even though it was a blast.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.88,0:11:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was a huge bonding experience\Nwith the other members on the team,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.42,0:11:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it is difficult to sustain.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.24,0:11:58.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So these rover missions are our first\Nsteps out into the solar system.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.45,0:12:03.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are learning how to live\Non more than one planet.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.55,0:12:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are changing our perspective\Nto become multi-planetary.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.94,0:12:11.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the next time you see\Na Star Wars movie,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:11.76,0:12:15.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there are people going\Nfrom the Dagobah system to Tatooine,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.46,0:12:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think about what it really means to have\Npeople spread out so far.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.98,0:12:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What it means in terms\Nof the distances between them,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.06,0:12:27.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how they will start to feel\Nseparate from each other
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.90,0:12:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just the logistics of the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.94,0:12:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have not sent people\Nto Mars yet, but we hope to.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.51,0:12:40.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And between companies like SpaceX and NASA
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.38,0:12:43.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all of the international\Nspace agencies of the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.89,0:12:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we hope to do that\Nin the next few decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.68,0:12:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So soon we will have people on Mars,\Nand we truly will be multi-planetary.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.00,0:12:56.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the young boy or the young girl
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.44,0:13:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who will be going to Mars could be\Nin this audience or listening today.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.20,0:13:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have wanted to work at JPL\Non these missions since I was 14 years old
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.83,0:13:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I am privileged to be a part of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.07,0:13:16.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is a remarkable time\Nin the space program,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:16.15,0:13:19.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are all in this journey together.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:19.35,0:13:24.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the next time you think\Nyou don't have enough time in your day,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.58,0:13:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just remember, it's all a matter\Nof your Earthly perspective.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.39,0:13:30.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.56,0:13:34.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)