[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are probably 10,000 stars for every grain of sand on Earth, in the observable universe. Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.68,0:00:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that there are maybe trillions of planets. Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.22,0:00:10.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So where are all the aliens? Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.21,0:00:12.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the Fermi Paradox Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.42,0:00:15.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want to know more about it, watch part one. Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.33,0:00:19.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here we look to the possible solutions to the Fermi Paradox. Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.30,0:00:23.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So will we be destroyed or does a glorious future await us? Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.79,0:00:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Space travel is hard. Although possible, it's an enormous challenge to travel to other stars. Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.72,0:00:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Massive amounts of materials have to be put into orbit and assembled. Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.96,0:00:46.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A journey of maybe thousands of years needs to be survived by population big enough to start from a scratch. Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.21,0:00:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the planet might be not as hospitable as it seems from afar. Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.48,0:00:54.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was already extremely hard to set up a spaceship that could survive the trip. Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.51,0:00:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And interstellar invasion might be impossible to pull off. Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.54,0:01:02.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also consider time, the universe is very old. Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.64,0:01:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On Earth there's been life for at least 3.6 billion years. Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.68,0:01:10.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intelligent human life for about 250,000 years. Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.75,0:01:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But only for about a century have we had the technology to communicate over great distances. Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.68,0:01:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There might have been grand alien empires that stretched across thousands of systems and existed for millions of years, Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.54,0:01:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we might just have missed them. Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.40,0:01:29.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There might be grandiose ruins washing away on distant worlds. Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.29,0:01:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,99% of all species on Earth have died out. Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.63,0:01:37.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's easy to argue that this will be our fate sooner or later. Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.41,0:01:44.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Intelligent life may develop, spread over a few systems and die off over and over again. Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.34,0:01:47.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But galactic civilizations might never meet. Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.73,0:01:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So maybe it's a unifying experience for life in the universe to look at the stars and wonder "Where is everyone?" Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.03,0:01:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there is no reason to assume aliens are like us Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.83,0:02:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or that our logic applies to them Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.51,0:02:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might just be that our means of communications are extremely primitive and outdated. Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.08,0:02:12.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine sitting in a house with a Morse code transmitter, you keep sending messages but no people answer Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.10,0:02:17.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you would feel pretty lonely, maybe we're still undetectable for intelligent species Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.16,0:02:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we'll remain so until we learn to communicate properly. Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.74,0:02:28.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even if we met aliens we might be too different to be able to communicate with them in a meaningful way. Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.11,0:02:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine the smartest squirrel you can, Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.47,0:02:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter how hard you try, you won't be able to explain our society to it Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.25,0:02:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After all from the squirrel's perspective a tree is all that sophisticated intelligence like itself needs to survive. Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.90,0:02:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she learns cutting down whole forest is madness but we don't destroy forest because we hate squirrels. Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.08,0:02:51.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just want the resources Dialogue: 0,0:02:51.88,0:02:55.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The squirrel's wishes and the squirrel's survival are no concern to us. Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.76,0:03:00.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A type three civilization in need of resources might threat us in a similar way. Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.90,0:03:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They might just evaporate our oceans to make collecting whatever they need easier. Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.19,0:03:12.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the aliens might think for second "Ughh tiny little aches, they built really cute concrete structures, oh well now they're dead." Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.79,0:03:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before activating warp speed. Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.84,0:03:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if there is a civilization out there that wants to eliminate other species, Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.99,0:03:22.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it far more likely that it will be motivated by culture rather than by economics. Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.99,0:03:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And anyway it will be more effective to automate the process by constructing the perfect weapon, Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.90,0:03:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a self replicating space probes made from nano-machines. Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.90,0:03:36.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They operate on molecular level incredibly fast and deadly, Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.90,0:03:40.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the power to attack and dismantle anything in an instant. Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.33,0:03:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You only need to give them four instructions. Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.66,0:03:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, find planet with life. Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.67,0:03:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two, disassemble everything on this planet into its component parts. Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.48,0:03:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Three, use the resources to build new space probes. Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.83,0:03:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Four, repeat. Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.04,0:03:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A doomsday machine like this could render a galaxy sterile in a few million years, Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.15,0:04:03.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but why would you flight light years to get the resources or commit genocide. Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.15,0:04:05.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The speed of light is actually not very fast. Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.89,0:04:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If someone could travel at the speed of light, it will still take 100,000 years to cross the milky way once Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.38,0:04:13.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you'll probably travel way slower. Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.66,0:04:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There might be way more enjoyable things than destroying civilizations and building empires. Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.28,0:04:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An interesting concept is the Matrioshka Brain. Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.06,0:04:24.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A mega-structure surrounding a star, Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.37,0:04:32.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a computer of such computing power that an entire species could upload their consciousness and exist in a simulated universe. Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.69,0:04:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Potentially, one could experience an eternity of pure ecstasies without ever being bored or sad, a perfect life. Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.85,0:04:45.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If built around the red dwarfs, this computer could be powered for about ten trillions years. Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.14,0:04:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who would want to conquer the galaxy or make contact with other life forms if this were an option. Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.20,0:04:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All these solutions to the Fermi Paradox have one problem. Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.68,0:04:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't know where the borders of technology are. Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.80,0:04:59.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could be close to the limit or nowhere near it. Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.84,0:05:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And super technology awaits us, Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.35,0:05:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,granting us immortality, transporting us to other galaxies, elevating us to the level of gods. Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.88,0:05:12.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing we do have to acknowledge is that we really don't know anything. Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.73,0:05:17.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Humans have spent more than ninety percent of their existence as hunters-gatherers. Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.39,0:05:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,500 years ago we thought we were the center of the universe. Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.34,0:05:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,200 years ago we stopped using human labors as the main source of the energy. Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.66,0:05:29.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30 years ago we had apocalyptic weapons pointed at each other because of political disagreement. Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.87,0:05:32.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the galactic time scale we are embryos, Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.50,0:05:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've come far but still have a long way to go. Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.60,0:05:40.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The mindset that we really are the center of the universe is still strong in humans, Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.39,0:05:44.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's easy to make arrogant assumptions about life in the universe. Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.55,0:05:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the end, there's only one way to find out right? Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.77,0:05:55.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hey everybody, we finally have our own subreddit. Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.32,0:06:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Come by for surveys, discussions about future videos, FAQs and stuff like that. Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.76,0:06:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This video was made possible by your support on Patreon. Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.82,0:06:12.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you want us to make more videos, and maybe get your own bird avatar in return, check it out.