[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.25,0:00:07.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am the proud father\Nof two beautiful children, Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.22,0:00:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Elijah, 15, and Octavia, 12. Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.31,0:00:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Elijah was in the fourth grade, Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.65,0:00:17.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he came to me, Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.24,0:00:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,came home from school\Nbubbling over with excitement Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.13,0:00:25.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what he had learned that day\Nabout African-American history. Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.07,0:00:29.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I'm an African-American\Nand cultural studies professor, Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.53,0:00:31.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so, as you can imagine, Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.69,0:00:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,African-American culture\Nis kind of serious around my home. Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.64,0:00:38.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I was very proud that my son\Nwas excited about what he had learned Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.91,0:00:40.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that day in school. Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.09,0:00:42.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I said, "What did you learn?" Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.05,0:00:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "I learned about Rosa Parks." Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.91,0:00:48.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "OK, what did you learn\Nabout Rosa Parks?" Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.98,0:00:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "I learned that Rosa Parks\Nwas this frail, old black woman Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.52,0:00:56.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 1950s Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.40,0:00:58.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Montgomery, Alabama. Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.85,0:01:01.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she sat down on this bus, Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.13,0:01:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she had tired feet, Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.12,0:01:08.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when the bus driver told her\Nto give up her seat to a white patron, Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.08,0:01:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she refused because she had tired feet. Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.78,0:01:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It had been a long day, Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.06,0:01:13.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she was tired of oppression, Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.91,0:01:15.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she didn't give up her seat. Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.82,0:01:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she marched with Martin Luther King, Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.77,0:01:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she believed in nonviolence." Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.99,0:01:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I guess he must have looked at my face Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.18,0:01:27.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and saw that I was\Na little less than impressed Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.73,0:01:29.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by his Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.48,0:01:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,... um ... Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.75,0:01:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,history lesson. Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.13,0:01:36.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so he stopped, and he was like,\N"Dad, what's wrong? What did I get wrong?" Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.81,0:01:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Son, you didn't\Nget anything wrong, Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.92,0:01:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think your teacher\Ngot a whole lot of things wrong." Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.71,0:01:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.74,0:01:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Well, what do you mean?" Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.44,0:01:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Rosa Parks was not tired. Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.78,0:01:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was not old. Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.35,0:01:54.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she certainly didn't have tired feet." Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.43,0:01:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "What?" Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.62,0:01:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Yes! Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.80,0:01:58.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rosa Parks was only 42 years old" -- Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.26,0:02:02.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yeah, you're shocked, right?\NNever heard that. Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.63,0:02:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Rosa Parks was only 42 years old, Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.61,0:02:09.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she had only worked six hours that day,\Nand she was a seamstress Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.38,0:02:11.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and her feet were just fine. Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.77,0:02:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.92,0:02:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only thing that she was tired of Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.65,0:02:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was she was tired of inequality. Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.10,0:02:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was tired of oppression." Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.18,0:02:21.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my son said, Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.50,0:02:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, why would my teacher\Ntell me this thing? Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.48,0:02:27.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is confusing for me." Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.38,0:02:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because he loved his teacher,\Nand she was a good teacher, Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.80,0:02:33.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a young-ish, 20-something white woman, Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.77,0:02:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really, really smart, pushed him,\Nso I liked her as well. Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.50,0:02:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he was confused.\N"Why would she tell me this?" he said. Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.52,0:02:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Dad, tell me more. Tell me more.\NTell me more about Rosa Parks." Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.06,0:02:46.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "Son, I'll do you one better." Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.88,0:02:48.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was like, "What?" Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.06,0:02:50.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "I'm going to buy\Nher autobiography, Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.14,0:02:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm going to let you\Nread it yourself." Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.21,0:02:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.79,0:02:57.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as you can imagine, Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.45,0:03:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Elijah wasn't too excited about\Nthis new, lengthy homework assignment Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.11,0:03:06.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that his dad had just given him,\Nbut he took it in stride. Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.45,0:03:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he came back after he had read it, Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.12,0:03:15.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was excited\Nabout what he had learned. Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.06,0:03:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Dad, not only was Rosa Parks\Nnot initially into nonviolence, Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.09,0:03:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but Rosa Parks's grandfather,\Nwho basically raised her Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.65,0:03:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was light enough to pass as white, Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.83,0:03:33.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used to walk around town\Nwith his gun in his holster, Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.49,0:03:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people knew if you messed with\NMr. Parks's children or grandchildren, Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.47,0:03:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he would put a cap\Nin your proverbial bottom." Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.71,0:03:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.93,0:03:45.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.12,0:03:47.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was not someone to mess with. Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.92,0:03:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said, "I also learned\Nthat Rosa Parks married a man in Raymond Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.81,0:03:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who was a lot like her grandfather." Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.88,0:03:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He would organize. Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.35,0:04:01.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was a civil rights activist. Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.69,0:04:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He would organize events Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.33,0:04:10.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes the events would be\Nat Rosa Parks's home. Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.30,0:04:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one time Rosa Parks remarked Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.34,0:04:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there were so many guns on the table, Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.68,0:04:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they were prepared for somebody\Nto come busting into the door Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.97,0:04:20.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they were prepared\Nfor whatever was going to go down, Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.76,0:04:23.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Rosa Parks said, "There were\Nso many guns on the table Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.61,0:04:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I forgot to even\Noffer them coffee or food." Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.83,0:04:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is who Rosa Parks was. Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.43,0:04:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in fact, Rosa Parks,\Nwhen she was sitting on that bus that day, Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.14,0:04:36.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,waiting for those\Npolice officers to arrive Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.80,0:04:39.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not knowing what was going\Nto happen to her, Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.77,0:04:41.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she was not thinking about\NMartin Luther King, Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.95,0:04:43.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who she barely knew. Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.43,0:04:46.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was not thinking about\Nnonviolence or Gandhi. Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.30,0:04:48.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was thinking about her grandfather, Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.25,0:04:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a gun-toting, take-no-mess grandfather. Dialogue: 0,0:04:52.30,0:04:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's who Rosa Parks was thinking about. Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.86,0:04:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My son was mesmerized by Rosa Parks, Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.56,0:05:02.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I was proud of him\Nto see this excitement. Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.12,0:05:05.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then I still had a problem. Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.21,0:05:07.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I still had to go his school Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.79,0:05:09.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and address the issue with his teacher, Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.82,0:05:13.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I didn't want her\Nto continue to teach the kids Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.14,0:05:15.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,obviously false history. Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.88,0:05:17.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm agonizing over this, Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.34,0:05:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,primarily because I understand,\Nas an African-American man, Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.82,0:05:23.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that whenever you talk\Nto whites about racism Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.19,0:05:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or anything that's racially sensitive, Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.22,0:05:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's usually going to be a challenge. Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.20,0:05:33.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is what white sociologist\NRobin DiAngelo calls "white fragility." Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.29,0:05:35.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She argues that, in fact, Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.11,0:05:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because whites have\Nso little experience being challenged Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.17,0:05:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about their white privilege Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.67,0:05:44.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that whenever even the most\Nminute challenge is brought before them, Dialogue: 0,0:05:44.19,0:05:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they usually cry, Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.03,0:05:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get angry Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.21,0:05:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or run. Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.38,0:05:49.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.41,0:05:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I have experienced them all. Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.42,0:05:58.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, when I was contemplating\Nconfronting his teacher, Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.26,0:05:59.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wasn't happy about it, Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.86,0:06:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I was like, this is a necessary evil Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.94,0:06:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of being a black parent trying to raise\Nself-actualized black children. Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.27,0:06:07.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I called Elijah to me and said, Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.97,0:06:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Elijah, I'm going to set up\Nan appointment with your teacher Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.77,0:06:13.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try and correct this Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.00,0:06:15.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and maybe your principal. Dialogue: 0,0:06:15.26,0:06:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What do you think?" Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.69,0:06:17.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Elijah said, Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.86,0:06:19.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Dad, I have a better idea." Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.02,0:06:22.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "Really? What's your idea?" Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.100,0:06:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "We have\Na public speaking assignment, Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.65,0:06:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and why don't I use\Nthat public speaking assignment Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.24,0:06:33.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to talk about debunking\Nthe myths of Rosa Parks?" Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.76,0:06:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was like, Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.82,0:06:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Well, that is a good idea." Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.85,0:06:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Elijah goes to school, Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.11,0:06:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he does his presentation, Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.91,0:06:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he comes back home, Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.43,0:06:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I could see something\Npositive happened. Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.82,0:06:50.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Well, what happened, son?" Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.23,0:06:53.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "Well, later on in that day, Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.44,0:06:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the teacher pulled me aside, Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.40,0:06:59.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she apologized to me\Nfor giving that misinformation." Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.77,0:07:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then something else\Nmiraculous happened the next day. Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.32,0:07:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She actually taught\Na new lesson on Rosa Parks, Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.06,0:07:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,filling in the gaps that she had left\Nand correcting the mistakes that she made. Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.39,0:07:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was so, so proud of my son. Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.96,0:07:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then I thought about it. Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.88,0:07:23.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I got angry. Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.56,0:07:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I got real angry. Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.34,0:07:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Why would I get angry? Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.88,0:07:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because my nine-year-old son\Nhad to educate his teacher Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.88,0:07:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about his history, Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.39,0:07:38.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had to educate his teacher\Nabout his own humanity. Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.46,0:07:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's nine years old. Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.78,0:07:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He should be thinking about\Nbasketball or soccer Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.02,0:07:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the latest movie. Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.52,0:07:50.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He should not be thinking about\Nhaving to take the responsibility Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.71,0:07:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of educating his teacher, Dialogue: 0,0:07:53.10,0:07:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his students, Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.18,0:07:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about himself, about his history. Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.68,0:08:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was a burden that I carried. Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.33,0:08:02.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was a burden that my parents carried Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.37,0:08:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and generations before them carried. Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.13,0:08:08.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now I was seeing my son\Ntake on that burden, too. Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.51,0:08:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, that's why Rosa Parks\Nwrote her autobiography. Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.47,0:08:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because during her lifetime, Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.23,0:08:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you can imagine, Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.77,0:08:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you do this amazing thing, Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.41,0:08:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're alive and you're talking\Nabout your civil rights activism, Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.35,0:08:28.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a story emerges Dialogue: 0,0:08:28.31,0:08:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which somebody is telling the world Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.22,0:08:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you were old and you had tired feet Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.89,0:08:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you just were an accidental activist, Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.23,0:08:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not that you had been activist\Nby then for 20 years, Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.12,0:08:43.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not that the boycott\Nhad been planned for months, Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.52,0:08:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not that you were not even the first\Nor the second or even the third woman Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.01,0:08:49.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be arrested for doing that. Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.16,0:08:55.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You become an accidental activist,\Neven in her own lifetime. Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.02,0:08:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she wrote that autobiography\Nto correct the record, Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.17,0:09:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because what she wanted\Nto remind people of Dialogue: 0,0:09:03.47,0:09:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was that this Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.59,0:09:06.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is what it was like Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.81,0:09:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the 1950s Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.01,0:09:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to be black in America Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.75,0:09:16.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fight for your rights. Dialogue: 0,0:09:16.56,0:09:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,During the year, a little over a year,\Nthat the boycott lasted, Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.30,0:09:23.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there were over four church bombings. Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.95,0:09:26.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Martin Luther King's house\Nwas bombed twice. Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.39,0:09:30.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other civil rights leaders' houses\Nwere bombed in Birmingham. Dialogue: 0,0:09:31.59,0:09:36.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rosa Parks's husband\Nslept at night with a shotgun, Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.88,0:09:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they would get\Nconstant death threats. Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.17,0:09:41.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, Rosa Parks's mother\Nlived with them, Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.70,0:09:44.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sometimes she would stay\Non the phone for hours Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.20,0:09:47.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that nobody would call in\Nwith death threats, Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.38,0:09:49.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was constant and persistent. Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.63,0:09:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, there was so much tension, Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.28,0:09:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was so much pressure,\Nthere was so much terrorism, Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.96,0:09:57.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Rosa Parks and her husband,\Nthey lost their jobs, Dialogue: 0,0:09:57.52,0:09:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they became unemployable Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.35,0:10:03.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and eventually had to leave\Nand move out of the South. Dialogue: 0,0:10:05.56,0:10:08.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a civil rights reality Dialogue: 0,0:10:08.54,0:10:13.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Rosa Parks wanted to make sure\Nthat people understood. Dialogue: 0,0:10:13.98,0:10:19.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you say, "Well, David,\Nwhat does that have to do with me? Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.58,0:10:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a well-meaning person. Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.53,0:10:23.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I didn't own slaves. Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.09,0:10:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not trying to whitewash history. Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.87,0:10:27.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a good guy. I'm a good person." Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.43,0:10:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let me tell you\Nwhat it has to do with you, Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.47,0:10:32.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll tell it to you\Nby telling you a story Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.96,0:10:36.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about a professor of mine,\Na white professor, Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.51,0:10:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I was in graduate school,\Nwho was a brilliant, brilliant individual. Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.90,0:10:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll call him "Fred." Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.06,0:10:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Fred was writing this history\Nof the civil rights movement, Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.73,0:10:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but he was writing specifically\Nabout a moment Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.24,0:10:52.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that happened to him in North Carolina Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.18,0:10:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when this white man shot this black man\Nin cold blood in a wide-open space Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.46,0:10:57.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and was never convicted. Dialogue: 0,0:10:58.77,0:11:00.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so it was this great book, Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.56,0:11:04.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he called together\Na couple of his professor friends Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.30,0:11:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he called me to read a draft of it\Nbefore the final submission. Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.90,0:11:10.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I was flattered that he called me; Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.77,0:11:12.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was only a graduate student then. Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.51,0:11:16.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was kind of feeling myself a little bit.\NI was like, "OK, yeah." Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.44,0:11:19.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sitting around amongst intellectuals, Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.04,0:11:23.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I read the draft of the book. Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.56,0:11:25.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there was a moment in the book Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.58,0:11:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that struck me as being\Ndeeply problematic, Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.25,0:11:29.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so I said, Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.44,0:11:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Fred," as we were sitting around\Ntalking about this draft, Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.04,0:11:37.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Fred, I've got a real problem\Nwith this moment that you talk Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.75,0:11:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about your maid in your book." Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.99,0:11:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I could see Fred get a little\N"tight," as we say. Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.71,0:11:51.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said, "What do you mean?\NThat's a great story. Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.50,0:11:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It happened just like I said." Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.37,0:11:56.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Mmm ... can I give you\Nanother scenario?" Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.95,0:11:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what's the story? Dialogue: 0,0:11:58.30,0:11:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was 1968. Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.65,0:12:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Martin Luther King\Nhad just been assassinated. Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.44,0:12:08.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,His maid, "domestic" --\Nwe'll call her "Mabel," Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.60,0:12:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was in the kitchen. Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.71,0:12:12.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Little Fred is eight years old. Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.34,0:12:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Little Fred comes into the kitchen, Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.97,0:12:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Mabel, who he has only seen\Nas smiling and helpful and happy, Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.14,0:12:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is bent over the sink, Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.45,0:12:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she's crying, Dialogue: 0,0:12:25.90,0:12:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she's sobbing Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.48,0:12:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inconsolably. Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.60,0:12:34.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And little Fred comes over to her\Nand says, "Mabel, what is wrong?" Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.94,0:12:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mabel turns, and she says, Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.00,0:12:42.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"They killed him! They killed our leader.\NThey killed Martin Luther King. Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.57,0:12:45.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He's dead! They are monsters." Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.05,0:12:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And little Fred says, Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.90,0:12:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It'll be OK, Mabel.\NIt'll be OK. It'll be OK." Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.25,0:12:55.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she looked at him, and she says,\N"No, it's not going to be OK. Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.37,0:12:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did you not hear what I just said? Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.34,0:12:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They killed Martin Luther King." Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.11,0:13:03.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Fred, Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.11,0:13:04.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,son of a preacher, Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.88,0:13:08.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looks up at Mabel, and he says, Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.37,0:13:13.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But Mabel, didn't Jesus\Ndie on the cross for our sins? Dialogue: 0,0:13:13.78,0:13:15.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wasn't that a good outcome? Dialogue: 0,0:13:15.35,0:13:18.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe this will be a good outcome. Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.77,0:13:23.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maybe the death of Martin Luther King\Nwill lead to a good outcome." Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.10,0:13:26.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as Fred tells the story, Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.40,0:13:30.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he says that Mabel\Nput her hand over her mouth, Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.42,0:13:33.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she reached down\Nand she gave little Fred a hug, Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.00,0:13:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then she reached into the icebox, Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.60,0:13:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and took out a couple Pepsis, Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.90,0:13:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gave him some Pepsis Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.38,0:13:44.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sent him on his way\Nto play with his siblings. Dialogue: 0,0:13:44.95,0:13:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he said, Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.54,0:13:52.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This was proof that even in the most\Nharrowing times of race struggle Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.19,0:13:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that two people could come together\Nacross racial lines Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.47,0:13:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and find human commonality Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.69,0:14:00.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,along the lines of love and affection." Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.38,0:14:04.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said, "Fred, that is some BS." Dialogue: 0,0:14:04.25,0:14:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.80,0:14:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.20,0:14:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fred was like, Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.18,0:14:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But I don't understand, David.\NThat's the story." Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.78,0:14:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Fred, let me ask you a question." Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.73,0:14:23.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "You were\Nin North Carolina in 1968. Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.98,0:14:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If Mabel would've went to her community --\Nyou were eight years old -- Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.30,0:14:30.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what do you think the eight-year-old\NAfrican-American children Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.25,0:14:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were calling her? Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.42,0:14:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you think they called her\Nby her first name?" Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.69,0:14:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, they called her "Miss Mabel," Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.30,0:14:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they called her "Miss Johnson,"\Nor they called her "Auntie Johnson." Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.72,0:14:41.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They would have never dared\Ncall her by her first name, Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.34,0:14:43.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that would have been\Nthe height of disrespect. Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.89,0:14:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And yet, you were calling\Nher by her first name Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.15,0:14:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every single day that she worked, Dialogue: 0,0:14:47.76,0:14:49.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you never thought about it." Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.71,0:14:52.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Let me ask you another question:\NWas Mabel married? Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.26,0:14:54.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did she have children? Dialogue: 0,0:14:54.75,0:14:56.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What church did she go to? Dialogue: 0,0:14:56.44,0:14:58.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What was her favorite dessert?" Dialogue: 0,0:15:00.75,0:15:04.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fred could not answer\Nany of those questions. Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.34,0:15:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "Fred, this story\Nis not about Mabel. Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.85,0:15:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This story is about you." Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.88,0:15:13.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I said, "This story made you feel good, Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.87,0:15:16.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but this story is not about Mabel. Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.06,0:15:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The reality is, Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.68,0:15:20.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what probably happened was,\NMabel was crying, Dialogue: 0,0:15:20.25,0:15:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which was not something\Nshe customarily did, Dialogue: 0,0:15:22.35,0:15:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so she was letting her guard down. Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.64,0:15:26.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you came into the kitchen, Dialogue: 0,0:15:26.29,0:15:29.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you caught her at a weak moment\Nwhere she was letting her guard down. Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.28,0:15:33.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And see, because you thought of yourself\Nas just like one of her children, Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.79,0:15:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you didn't recognize that you\Nwere in fact the child of her employer. Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.90,0:15:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she'd found herself yelling at you. Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.29,0:15:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then she caught herself, Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.68,0:15:45.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,realizing that, 'If I'm yelling at him Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.08,0:15:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he goes back and he tells\Nhis dad or he tells mom, Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.68,0:15:50.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could lose my job.' Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.93,0:15:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so she tempered herself,\Nand she ended up -- Dialogue: 0,0:15:53.25,0:15:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though she needed consoling --\Nshe ended up consoling you Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.87,0:15:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sending you on your way, Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.52,0:16:03.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps so she could finish\Nmourning in peace." Dialogue: 0,0:16:04.03,0:16:05.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Fred was stunned. Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.78,0:16:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he realized that he had actually\Nmisread that moment. Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.23,0:16:13.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And see, this is what\Nthey did to Rosa Parks. Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.61,0:16:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it's a lot easier to digest\Nan old grandmother with tired feet Dialogue: 0,0:16:19.06,0:16:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who doesn't stand up because\Nshe wants to fight for inequality, Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.51,0:16:24.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but because her feet\Nand her back are tired, Dialogue: 0,0:16:24.82,0:16:26.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she's worked all day. Dialogue: 0,0:16:27.27,0:16:30.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See, old grandmothers are not scary. Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.10,0:16:32.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But young, radical black women Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.27,0:16:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who don't take any stuff from anybody Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.44,0:16:35.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are very scary, Dialogue: 0,0:16:35.97,0:16:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who stand up to power Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.88,0:16:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are willing to die for that -- Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.96,0:16:42.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those are not the kind of people Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.26,0:16:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make us comfortable. Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.27,0:16:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you say, Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.26,0:16:50.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What do you want me to do, David? Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.00,0:16:54.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what to do." Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.16,0:16:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, what I would say to you is, Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.68,0:16:59.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a time in which, Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.75,0:17:01.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you were Jewish, you were not white, Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.99,0:17:03.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you were Italian, you were not white, Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.02,0:17:05.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you were Irish, you were not white Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.94,0:17:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in this country. Dialogue: 0,0:17:07.13,0:17:12.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took a while before the Irish,\Nthe Jews and the Italians became white. Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.84,0:17:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? Dialogue: 0,0:17:14.04,0:17:16.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was a time in which\Nyou were "othered," Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.21,0:17:19.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you were the people on the outside. Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.74,0:17:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Toni Morrison said, Dialogue: 0,0:17:23.04,0:17:26.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If, in order for you to be tall,\NI have to be on my knees, Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.79,0:17:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have a serious problem." Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.19,0:17:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She says, "White America\Nhas a serious, serious problem." Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.58,0:17:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To be honest, I don't know\Nif race relations will improve in America. Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.13,0:17:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I know that if they will improve, Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.95,0:17:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to take\Nthese challenges on head on. Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.62,0:17:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The future of my children depends on it. Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.64,0:17:49.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The future of my children's\Nchildren depends on it. Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.73,0:17:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And, whether you know it or not, Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.65,0:17:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the future of your children\Nand your children's children Dialogue: 0,0:17:55.84,0:17:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depends on it, too. Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.63,0:17:58.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you. Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.81,0:18:00.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)