[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.07,0:00:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mariano Sigman:\NSo this day is about trust,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.38,0:00:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it happens in a quite peculiar moment\Nin which, I guess we all know,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.26,0:00:21.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,societies have become quite polarized.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.74,0:00:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are certain topics\Nthat have become very difficult to talk,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.46,0:00:27.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are very distant with people,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.03,0:00:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's become really with a feeling
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.80,0:00:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's difficult\Nto talk about these topics.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.00,0:00:35.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Dan I wanted to think\Nand to reflect about these,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.17,0:00:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but instead of doing\Nin the traditional way,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.23,0:00:40.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is on this stage, in which,\Nlike, maybe we think about these,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.51,0:00:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we come with a great idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.94,0:00:44.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we pack it in a story,\Nand we give it to you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.42,0:00:49.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we asked, what if we try to construct\Nthis idea here, together,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.65,0:00:52.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we began thinking\Nabout this in this place.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.53,0:00:54.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we are scientists,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.54,0:00:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so we love to do experiments -
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.50,0:01:00.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the lab, outside, we live,\Nactually doing experiments;
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.18,0:01:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's fair to say.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.60,0:01:06.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so actually the proposal\Nis let's do one experiment here, now,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.12,0:01:07.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,altogether.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.36,0:01:11.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so to begin the experiment,\Nthis is not really high technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.47,0:01:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's based on pencil and paper.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.44,0:01:18.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you look just behind your chairs,\Nif you put your hand,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.59,0:01:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll see that all of you\Nshould have, I hope,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.70,0:01:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one envelope like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.87,0:01:27.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dan Ariely: Don't open it yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.62,0:01:29.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Just go like this
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.01,0:01:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because usually the sound of papers\Nis very - collective sound of paper
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.37,0:01:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is very good, so just ... (DA: Yay)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.09,0:01:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very well.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.09,0:01:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Very good.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.13,0:01:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anybody doesn't have an envelope?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.35,0:01:40.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.30,0:01:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.86,0:01:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: We can start.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.89,0:01:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: So let's start. So ...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.93,0:01:52.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,please open the envelope.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.17,0:01:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: First page.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.65,0:01:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where it says, "TEDxperiments,"\Nthat's the first page.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.22,0:01:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's where we will begin.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.21,0:02:03.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Do they have a pen?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.40,0:02:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Well, you should have a pen.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.95,0:02:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't have a pen,\Nthen you can ask a pen to your neighbor.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.02,0:02:11.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, I'm sure there are enough pens\Nthat we can do this together.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.21,0:02:13.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because you were given pens in the bag.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.16,0:02:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: In the bag there's a pen, yeah?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.86,0:02:18.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: As we said, this is a real experiment;\Nit is not demonstration.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.65,0:02:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we will use the data collected here
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.02,0:02:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to learn something about\Nwhat's going to happen here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.04,0:02:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for this we need you to sign
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.52,0:02:27.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you're willing\Nto be part of this experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.89,0:02:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is how science goes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.10,0:02:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you're willing to do this,\Njust say "Yes" here - Sim,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.93,0:02:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if not you say "No" and you write\Nyour age and your gender,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.30,0:02:38.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we move to page number two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.23,0:02:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Everybody finished?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.54,0:02:44.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anybody has not finished\Nwith page number one?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.83,0:02:48.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.77,0:02:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Make sure you get a pen.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.90,0:02:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finish page number one.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.24,0:02:56.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.75,0:03:00.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next page.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.90,0:03:06.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's some things\Nwritten in Portuguese here.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.15,0:03:08.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: I should - I'm closer\Nto Portuguese than you, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.82,0:03:09.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.83,0:03:12.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Well, actually,\Nnot geographically, but maybe -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.94,0:03:15.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to make\Nmy best effort to read them.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.23,0:03:18.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see there are five questions.\NYou can read them yourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.21,0:03:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And those are five questions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.60,0:03:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we ask you to say\Nwhere you agree with these or not,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.32,0:03:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or where you feel you can have an opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.33,0:03:26.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We'll go relatively fast with these.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.05,0:03:27.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the first question is:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.25,0:03:31.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Portuguese) "There should be\Nquotas for women in Parliament."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.71,0:03:34.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a bit of a Brazilian,\Nyou know, we're closer to -
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.33,0:03:36.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm Argentinian, what could I do?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.87,0:03:40.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So either you agree, you don't agree,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.01,0:03:42.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or you just don't want to answer
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.84,0:03:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or don't feel like\Nyou have an answer for that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.55,0:03:46.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as you see, we chose things
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.100,0:03:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where hopefully there is\Nsome difference between us.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.70,0:03:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The second one is:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.82,0:03:54.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Portuguese) "Drugs\Nshould be decriminalized."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.42,0:03:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So (Portuguese) Yes, No,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.12,0:03:58.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Portuguese) or Not sure / No response.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.53,0:04:00.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: So this is something about drugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.30,0:04:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: This, yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.36,0:04:02.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: It's a good question.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.84,0:04:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: We'll see.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:04.99,0:04:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Question number three.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.22,0:04:11.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Portuguese) "University\Nshould be free for everybody."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.70,0:04:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Portuguese) Yes, No,\Nor Not sure / No response.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.57,0:04:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is about university.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.09,0:04:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Should university\Nbe free for everybody?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.16,0:04:21.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Yeah, that's the question.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.93,0:04:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please don't answer it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.04,0:04:24.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: No.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.16,0:04:27.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Now, question number four.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.62,0:04:32.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Portuguese) "Everyone should use\Npublic transportation instead of cars."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.93,0:04:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Should we all [use]\Npublic transportation instead of cars?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.01,0:04:39.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: You know Portuguese, man!\NDA: Yeah, yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.17,0:04:42.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: (Portuguese) Yes, No, or Not Sure -
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.67,0:04:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again - well, you know.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.75,0:04:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You want to read the fifth one?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.25,0:04:47.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: No.\NMS: Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.71,0:04:49.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.13,0:04:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: (Portuguese) "Smoking\Nshould be forbidden in all public places."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.52,0:04:54.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Something about smoking.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.88,0:04:58.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: (Portuguese) Yes, No,\NNot sure / No response.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.62,0:05:03.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It says, "Smoking should be forbidden\Nin all public places."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.57,0:05:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Great. Everybody finished?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.79,0:05:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Great.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.78,0:05:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now comes the tricky part.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.45,0:05:15.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have a number on your envelope.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.37,0:05:19.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: It's also on the first page\Nif you lost the envelope.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.73,0:05:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: And somebody else\Nhas the same number on their envelope.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.24,0:05:29.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what you're supposed to do\Nis to find that person.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.61,0:05:33.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let us show you how you find them.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.51,0:05:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You say, "290!"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.30,0:05:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: 290!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.50,0:05:38.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA and MS: Ahhh!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.19,0:05:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Okay, wait. So you find a person -
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.42,0:05:45.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Come on! Stand up!
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.71,0:05:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They should be not too far from you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.52,0:06:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you don't find that person, stand up.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.36,0:06:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you find the person, sit down.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.55,0:06:13.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you haven't found the person, stand up
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.39,0:06:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and show it around\Nuntil you find the person.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.79,0:06:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you find the person, sit down.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.19,0:06:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You found it?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.47,0:06:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Look, please, please, hey, pspsps.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.29,0:06:30.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need some silence, some silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.55,0:06:33.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People! Hey, hey!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.77,0:06:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please, please, silence!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.99,0:06:41.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: I have a trick.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.49,0:06:45.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The secret of having good sex ...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.07,0:06:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.44,0:06:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: People, please, please, please\Nmake some silence here.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:52.87,0:06:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Let me try again.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.01,0:06:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A guy goes to the rabbi,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.22,0:07:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he says, "Rabbi,\NI think my wife is trying to kill me.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.90,0:07:05.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Would you talk to her\Nand find out if that's the case?"
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.08,0:07:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, it doesn't work.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.16,0:07:07.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: No.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.17,0:07:08.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anal sex!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.57,0:07:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.33,0:07:12.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Okay! Quiet!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.09,0:07:17.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: That's always - Okay,\Nyou know, you should - hey!
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.13,0:07:22.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People that don't have a partner,\Nyou silently go to the [aisle],
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.15,0:07:23.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you find someone else,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.61,0:07:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you just invent a number,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.34,0:07:28.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you write down the number\Nfor the two envelopes.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.08,0:07:30.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once you find a partner,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.32,0:07:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from now on, you have four minutes\Nto do the following thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.27,0:07:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Please pay attention.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.93,0:07:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have to discuss\Nabout these five questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.78,0:07:42.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,freely.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:42.18,0:07:45.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can discuss one of them,\Nthree of them, four of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.05,0:07:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the one you like the most.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.84,0:07:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you have to write down -\Npay attention to this:
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.00,0:07:56.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In part three, you have to write down\Nthe opinion, the responses,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.01,0:07:58.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the person you are talking with.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.73,0:08:00.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here is part three,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:00.76,0:08:01.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you will have to -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.89,0:08:04.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sorry, in part two -
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.39,0:08:05.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no in part two.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.52,0:08:10.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In part two, you will have to respond\Nthe answers of your partners.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.49,0:08:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have four minutes from now on\Nto talk with the other person
Dialogue: 0,0:08:15.60,0:08:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and try to choose\Nthe more sensitive issues.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.93,0:08:19.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your time.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.97,0:08:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now you can talk all what you want. Start!
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.02,0:08:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Go!
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.50,0:08:28.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Audience chatter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.33,0:09:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience member:\N(Portuguese) Hey Marcos, which one?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.79,0:09:48.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marcos: (Portuguese)\NDecriminalizing drugs.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.82,0:09:50.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience member: Ah!
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.73,0:09:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Portuguese) Let's do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.93,0:09:53.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marcos: (Portuguese) How crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.45,0:09:54.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.61,0:09:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience member: (Portuguese)\NTo me, the TED audience will agree on ...
Dialogue: 0,0:10:17.32,0:10:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[3 minutes later ...]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.55,0:10:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Ehm, we want to make sure you write\Nthe opinions of the other person
Dialogue: 0,0:10:27.80,0:10:29.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on part two.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.54,0:10:33.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in part one,\Nyou write your own opinions.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.58,0:10:38.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In part two, you write\Nthe other person's opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.16,0:10:41.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once you finish that,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.90,0:10:45.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the bottom,\Nthere's a short description
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.75,0:10:49.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of how you should end your discussion.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.26,0:10:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So please follow these instructions\Nof how to end this discussion,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.69,0:10:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then -
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.19,0:11:01.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Follow the instrucitons.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.06,0:11:06.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Let's see two groups.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.78,0:11:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Audience chatter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.81,0:11:17.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Okay.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.73,0:11:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now, please fill part number three.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.65,0:11:24.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fill out part number three.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.97,0:11:27.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Part number three is private.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.87,0:11:28.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Private.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.90,0:11:32.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Do it alone. Each one alone.\NGroups now are over.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.94,0:11:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You do it alone, and you fill part three.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.86,0:11:38.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Part three, please fill it out.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.09,0:11:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And once you filled it out,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.14,0:11:43.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take this,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.27,0:11:47.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and put it back in your envelope.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.88,0:11:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And please pass the envelopes forward.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.76,0:12:04.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Quietly.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.38,0:12:09.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, so -
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.29,0:12:15.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So here is the question:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.87,0:12:22.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No, no, no. Don't seal it.\NDon't worry. It's not that secret.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.80,0:12:31.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, so, why did we do this?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.47,0:12:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Why did we do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.48,0:12:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Why did we do it?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.70,0:12:39.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: So, as you can see, these questions\Nare questions where people have hopefully,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:39.34,0:12:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean maybe in some of these groups,\Nyou agreed completely;
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.37,0:12:46.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in some of these groups,\Nmaybe there were a lot of differences.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.51,0:12:49.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you may imagine,\Nas you may imagine,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.58,0:12:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we tend to like, we tend to trust,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.62,0:12:57.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we tend to think\Nthat people that think like us
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.51,0:13:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are actually better,\Nmore attractive, more trustable.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:01.05,0:13:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we wanted to ask this question.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.97,0:13:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the very end, you all responded\Nquestions about liking the other person.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.43,0:13:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there was a bit of a trick.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.69,0:13:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: So wait.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.71,0:13:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the first thing is we wanted\Nto replicate previous results
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.58,0:13:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that basically say\Nwhen people are more similar to us,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:21.80,0:13:23.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we like them more.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:24.22,0:13:27.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's actually\Nquite a few interesting nuances.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:27.26,0:13:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Yeah, so -\NDA: What you found?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:28.86,0:13:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: So we've done - I mean, this is\Nthe second time we did this experiment.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.40,0:13:34.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did the first in Argentina\Nwith 10,000 people,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:34.86,0:13:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and now we are doing it again\Nhere in Portugal.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.26,0:13:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we are trying\Nto show, the first thing -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:39.58,0:13:42.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are two things about this experiment\Nthat we are trying to test -
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.92,0:13:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are questions, there are hypotheses\Nthat we would like to respond.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.29,0:13:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first one is you may have seen
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.96,0:13:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that some of you,\Nwhen you finished the discussion,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.34,0:13:51.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you did something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.33,0:13:55.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some of you did something
Dialogue: 0,0:13:56.76,0:13:57.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.76,0:14:00.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it happens to be not quite the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.12,0:14:01.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We asked -
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.16,0:14:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we ask this question\Nas always in science
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.27,0:14:07.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we have reason to believe\Nthat if we hug the other person,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:07.44,0:14:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can this make us immune to this bias
Dialogue: 0,0:14:10.75,0:14:13.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by which we do not accept\Nso much the differences?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.71,0:14:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it seems to be,\Nthis is what we are finding,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:15.96,0:14:18.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is what we would like\Nto confirm here -
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.02,0:14:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Too much for me,\Nlet's get a little far.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:20.07,0:14:22.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: This is what\Nwe are trying to confirm here,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.28,0:14:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that once we hug the other person,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.61,0:14:26.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're more open,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.15,0:14:28.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're willing to trust\Nthe people that think like us
Dialogue: 0,0:14:28.93,0:14:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but also the people\Nthat think differently for us.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.79,0:14:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: So the question is whether the hug -
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.76,0:14:38.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it basically bonds us\Nand can bridge differences.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.28,0:14:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, lots of those things\Nabout our differences
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.10,0:14:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are nothing that are explicit.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.48,0:14:49.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Before the session, there was\Nthis beautiful video from Denmark.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:49.19,0:14:52.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? About all the people\Nwith the differences and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.78,0:14:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was in Denmark a couple of months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.18,0:14:58.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's a very funny thing\Nhappening in Denmark,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:58.58,0:15:04.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is kids start learning Danish\Nabout two years slower
Dialogue: 0,0:15:04.69,0:15:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than they learned 20 years ago.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:07.05,0:15:10.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For some reason,\NDanish kids are slower now
Dialogue: 0,0:15:10.84,0:15:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,picking up language.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:12.46,0:15:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the question is why.\NWhy does it happen?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.13,0:15:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't happen in Norway.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:16.58,0:15:18.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It only happens in Denmark.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.53,0:15:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what they found is that the reason
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.84,0:15:27.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the parents are speaking faster\Nand swallow their words.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.40,0:15:30.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They make it harder\Nfor the kids to learn language.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.46,0:15:32.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Again, why would parents do that?
Dialogue: 0,0:15:32.95,0:15:35.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the current theory
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.09,0:15:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it's a barrier against immigrants.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.07,0:15:41.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what the Danish\Nare doing - not explicitly,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.36,0:15:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's not that the Danish say explicitly,\N"We hate foreigners; let's do it,"
Dialogue: 0,0:15:45.57,0:15:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as a society,\Nthey created a mechanism
Dialogue: 0,0:15:48.25,0:15:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that creates barrier for new people.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.15,0:15:54.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the barrier is that\Nit's harder to learn Danish -
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.45,0:15:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they also make it harder\Nfor their own kids
Dialogue: 0,0:15:56.59,0:15:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to learn Danish in the process -
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.44,0:16:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's an implicit barrier.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.01,0:16:05.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the question we wanted to ask here,\Nand we'll figure out the results,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.84,0:16:09.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is whether some kind\Nof physical connection
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.61,0:16:11.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helps us bridge the gaps.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:11.61,0:16:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've tried all kinds of things\Nin the past about bridging gaps,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.62,0:16:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including the four-minute\Ndiscussion that you have
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.49,0:16:20.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the results\Nwere very impressive, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.04,0:16:23.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The results show that\Neven a four-minute diuscussion
Dialogue: 0,0:16:23.14,0:16:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on things that people really disagree with\Nhelps bridge the gaps.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.89,0:16:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we're going to try to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.62,0:16:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it's also about\Nphysical proximity,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:31.37,0:16:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether it helps.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.37,0:16:34.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: So again, this seems to be the case.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:34.28,0:16:37.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And sometimes, you know, science\Ndoes not have to be rocket science.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.48,0:16:40.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, giving a hug\Nis not a lot of technology,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.64,0:16:42.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but maybe it's quite powerful,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:42.08,0:16:43.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this is what we are trying to show,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:43.95,0:16:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people become much more tolerant\Nonce they've done so.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.86,0:16:50.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to me, you know,\NI watch a lot of football; this is -
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.09,0:16:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, what can I do, I'm Argentinian.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:52.06,0:16:55.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people that watch a lot of football,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:55.06,0:16:57.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of course, there is not\Na lot of good football.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.32,0:17:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if you watch a lot of football,\Nyou watch some good football
Dialogue: 0,0:17:00.28,0:17:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of bad football.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:01.58,0:17:03.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Argentianian, you say.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.32,0:17:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Yeah, Argentinian football -
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.86,0:17:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bad football.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:06.04,0:17:11.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, often, I'm watching this game\Nwhich is completely irrelevant,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.81,0:17:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a second division game\Nin the Luxembourg League.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:16.49,0:17:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, imagine something\Nmore irrelevant than that.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.91,0:17:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's like a game\Nin the middle of the championship -
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.54,0:17:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,irrelevant because it's in\Nthe middle of a championship.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:24.15,0:17:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the game is already closed -
Dialogue: 0,0:17:25.70,0:17:27.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's nothing that will change.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.56,0:17:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there is a goal there.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:28.92,0:17:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you see how irrelevant this is.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.97,0:17:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the most irrelevant league,\Nthe most irrelevant game,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.68,0:17:34.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most irrelevant moment.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:34.97,0:17:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the players, they hug each other
Dialogue: 0,0:17:37.38,0:17:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like it would be the most important\Nmoment in the universe.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:40.50,0:17:42.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like you see them\Nand you go, What's going on?
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.91,0:17:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so when I saw that, I reflected,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:44.80,0:17:46.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know how it's for you\Nin your professions.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.88,0:17:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a scientist;\NI've done science for 20 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:49.14,0:17:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I think I've never hugged\Nany of my colleagues.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:51.60,0:17:54.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, I've had very good moments,\Ngood discoveries, good -
Dialogue: 0,0:17:54.43,0:17:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, moments of thought,\Ngood moments of enthusiasm.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:57.50,0:17:59.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I've never said, You know what,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.18,0:18:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is so important
Dialogue: 0,0:18:00.19,0:18:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we should hug each other\Nin this moment of intense bonding
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.16,0:18:04.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that actually football players do.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:04.81,0:18:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so maybe what we should hear\Nis that this is quite important,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.90,0:18:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so we proposed here\Nmaybe to change that.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:10.87,0:18:14.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After 20 years, with one\Nof my friends and colleagues,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:14.44,0:18:17.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to change that,\Nand we invite you to actually hug -
Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.56,0:18:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Let's demonstrate.\NLet's demonstrate.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.50,0:18:21.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Physical contact can be like this ...
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.45,0:18:23.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it can be ... like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.12,0:18:26.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you choose [Inaudible]
Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.30,0:18:28.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Both: Oooooh.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:29.24,0:18:30.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rrrrghhhhh.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.66,0:18:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.72,0:18:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.89,0:18:36.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Okay, now -
Dialogue: 0,0:18:36.45,0:18:38.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: Everybody do the same.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.60,0:18:40.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Strong hug. Come on.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.67,0:18:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: Real hug.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.69,0:18:43.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A real hug.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.67,0:18:46.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Audience chatter)
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.08,0:18:52.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,DA: I can feel the oxytocin.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:03.61,0:19:04.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.83,0:19:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we will report the result\Nof the experiment soon.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.14,0:19:09.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,MS: (Portuguese) Thank you! Bye!
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.100,0:19:11.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) (Cheers)