0:00:12.073,0:00:14.380
Mariano Sigman:[br]So this day is about trust,

0:00:14.380,0:00:19.257
and it happens in a quite peculiar moment[br]in which, I guess we all know,

0:00:19.257,0:00:21.735
societies have become quite polarized.

0:00:21.735,0:00:25.458
And there are certain topics[br]that have become very difficult to talk,

0:00:25.458,0:00:27.026
we are very distant with people,

0:00:27.026,0:00:28.800
and it's become really with a feeling

0:00:28.800,0:00:31.002
that's difficult[br]to talk about these topics.

0:00:31.002,0:00:35.170
And Dan I wanted to think[br]and to reflect about these,

0:00:35.170,0:00:37.232
but instead of doing[br]in the traditional way,

0:00:37.232,0:00:40.509
which is on this stage, in which,[br]like, maybe we think about these,

0:00:40.509,0:00:41.940
we come with a great idea,

0:00:41.940,0:00:44.420
we pack it in a story,[br]and we give it to you,

0:00:44.420,0:00:49.652
we asked, what if we try to construct[br]this idea here, together,

0:00:49.652,0:00:52.528
and we began thinking[br]about this in this place.

0:00:52.528,0:00:54.543
And so we are scientists,

0:00:54.543,0:00:57.500
and so we love to do experiments -

0:00:57.500,0:01:00.179
in the lab, outside, we live,[br]actually doing experiments;

0:01:00.179,0:01:01.599
I think that's fair to say.

0:01:01.599,0:01:06.119
And so actually the proposal[br]is let's do one experiment here, now,

0:01:06.119,0:01:07.359
altogether.

0:01:07.359,0:01:11.468
And so to begin the experiment,[br]this is not really high technology,

0:01:11.468,0:01:14.435
it's based on pencil and paper.

0:01:14.435,0:01:18.587
And if you look just behind your chairs,[br]if you put your hand,

0:01:18.587,0:01:21.704
you'll see that all of you[br]should have, I hope,

0:01:21.704,0:01:24.021
one envelope like this.

0:01:24.871,0:01:27.035
Dan Ariely: Don't open it yet.

0:01:27.624,0:01:29.008
MS: Just go like this

0:01:29.008,0:01:32.369
because usually the sound of papers[br]is very - collective sound of paper

0:01:32.369,0:01:34.088
is very good, so just ... (DA: Yay)

0:01:34.088,0:01:35.091
Very well.

0:01:35.091,0:01:36.134
DA: Very good.

0:01:36.134,0:01:38.521
Anybody doesn't have an envelope?

0:01:39.347,0:01:40.961
MS: Okay.

0:01:44.298,0:01:45.860
DA: Okay.

0:01:45.860,0:01:46.888
MS: We can start.

0:01:46.888,0:01:48.484
DA: So let's start. So ...

0:01:49.934,0:01:52.035
please open the envelope.

0:01:52.169,0:01:53.853
MS: First page.

0:01:54.651,0:01:57.222
Where it says, "TEDxperiments,"[br]that's the first page.

0:01:57.222,0:01:59.239
That's where we will begin.

0:02:02.212,0:02:03.405
DA: Do they have a pen?

0:02:03.405,0:02:04.948
MS: Well, you should have a pen.

0:02:04.948,0:02:08.019
If you don't have a pen,[br]then you can ask a pen to your neighbor.

0:02:08.019,0:02:11.214
I mean, I'm sure there are enough pens[br]that we can do this together.

0:02:11.214,0:02:13.164
Because you were given pens in the bag.

0:02:13.164,0:02:14.864
DA: In the bag there's a pen, yeah?

0:02:14.864,0:02:18.652
MS: As we said, this is a real experiment;[br]it is not demonstration.

0:02:18.652,0:02:21.021
So we will use the data collected here

0:02:21.021,0:02:24.041
to learn something about[br]what's going to happen here.

0:02:24.041,0:02:25.524
So for this we need you to sign

0:02:25.524,0:02:27.887
that you're willing[br]to be part of this experiment.

0:02:27.887,0:02:29.105
This is how science goes.

0:02:29.105,0:02:31.929
So if you're willing to do this,[br]just say "Yes" here - Sim,

0:02:31.929,0:02:35.295
and if not you say "No" and you write[br]your age and your gender,

0:02:35.295,0:02:38.588
and we move to page number two.

0:02:39.229,0:02:40.545
DA: Everybody finished?

0:02:40.545,0:02:44.023
Anybody has not finished[br]with page number one?

0:02:46.832,0:02:48.432
Okay.

0:02:48.772,0:02:50.895
Make sure you get a pen.

0:02:50.895,0:02:53.060
Finish page number one.

0:02:55.241,0:02:56.621
Okay.

0:02:58.750,0:03:00.290
Next page.

0:03:03.897,0:03:06.146
There's some things[br]written in Portuguese here.

0:03:06.146,0:03:08.817
MS: I should - I'm closer[br]to Portuguese than you, right?

0:03:08.817,0:03:09.831
DA: Yeah.

0:03:09.831,0:03:12.938
MS: Well, actually,[br]not geographically, but maybe -

0:03:12.938,0:03:15.226
So I'm going to make[br]my best effort to read them.

0:03:15.226,0:03:18.214
You see there are five questions.[br]You can read them yourselves.

0:03:18.214,0:03:19.600
And those are five questions

0:03:19.600,0:03:22.317
where we ask you to say[br]where you agree with these or not,

0:03:22.317,0:03:24.328
or where you feel you can have an opinion.

0:03:24.328,0:03:26.050
We'll go relatively fast with these.

0:03:26.050,0:03:27.249
So the first question is:

0:03:27.249,0:03:31.706
(Portuguese) "There should be[br]quotas for women in Parliament."

0:03:31.706,0:03:34.333
I have a bit of a Brazilian,[br]you know, we're closer to -

0:03:34.333,0:03:36.573
I'm Argentinian, what could I do?

0:03:37.867,0:03:40.011
So either you agree, you don't agree,

0:03:40.011,0:03:42.839
or you just don't want to answer

0:03:42.839,0:03:45.229
or don't feel like[br]you have an answer for that.

0:03:45.554,0:03:46.995
So as you see, we chose things

0:03:46.995,0:03:49.704
where hopefully there is[br]some difference between us.

0:03:49.704,0:03:50.821
The second one is:

0:03:50.821,0:03:54.417
(Portuguese) "Drugs[br]should be decriminalized."

0:03:54.417,0:03:56.123
So (Portuguese) Yes, No,

0:03:56.123,0:03:58.531
(Portuguese) or Not sure / No response.

0:03:58.531,0:04:00.299
DA: So this is something about drugs.

0:04:00.299,0:04:01.358
MS: This, yeah.

0:04:01.358,0:04:02.837
DA: It's a good question.

0:04:02.837,0:04:04.351
MS: We'll see.

0:04:04.990,0:04:07.221
Question number three.

0:04:07.221,0:04:11.371
(Portuguese) "University[br]should be free for everybody."

0:04:11.705,0:04:16.156
(Portuguese) Yes, No,[br]or Not sure / No response.

0:04:16.570,0:04:18.088
This is about university.

0:04:18.088,0:04:20.164
DA: Should university[br]be free for everybody?

0:04:20.164,0:04:21.931
MS: Yeah, that's the question.

0:04:21.931,0:04:23.036
Please don't answer it.

0:04:23.036,0:04:24.162
DA: No.

0:04:24.162,0:04:27.479
MS: Now, question number four.

0:04:27.618,0:04:32.878
(Portuguese) "Everyone should use[br]public transportation instead of cars."

0:04:33.934,0:04:37.014
DA: Should we all [use][br]public transportation instead of cars?

0:04:37.014,0:04:39.168
MS: You know Portuguese, man![br]DA: Yeah, yeah.

0:04:39.168,0:04:42.673
MS: (Portuguese) Yes, No, or Not Sure -

0:04:42.673,0:04:44.753
Again - well, you know.

0:04:44.753,0:04:46.248
You want to read the fifth one?

0:04:46.248,0:04:47.708
DA: No.[br]MS: Okay.

0:04:47.708,0:04:49.129
(Laughter)

0:04:49.129,0:04:53.518
MS: (Portuguese) "Smoking[br]should be forbidden in all public places."

0:04:53.518,0:04:54.883
DA: Something about smoking.

0:04:54.883,0:04:58.623
MS: (Portuguese) Yes, No,[br]Not sure / No response.

0:04:58.623,0:05:03.567
It says, "Smoking should be forbidden[br]in all public places."

0:05:03.567,0:05:05.744
DA: Great. Everybody finished?

0:05:06.794,0:05:07.783
Great.

0:05:07.783,0:05:10.609
Now comes the tricky part.

0:05:12.454,0:05:15.880
You have a number on your envelope.

0:05:16.370,0:05:19.728
MS: It's also on the first page[br]if you lost the envelope.

0:05:19.728,0:05:25.121
DA: And somebody else[br]has the same number on their envelope.

0:05:25.243,0:05:29.609
And what you're supposed to do[br]is to find that person.

0:05:29.609,0:05:33.151
Let us show you how you find them.

0:05:33.511,0:05:35.304
You say, "290!"

0:05:35.304,0:05:36.495
MS: 290!

0:05:36.495,0:05:38.193
DA and MS: Ahhh!

0:05:38.193,0:05:41.496
DA: Okay, wait. So you find a person -

0:05:43.425,0:05:45.716
Come on! Stand up!

0:05:55.706,0:05:58.557
They should be not too far from you.

0:06:03.522,0:06:06.365
If you don't find that person, stand up.

0:06:06.365,0:06:09.422
If you find the person, sit down.

0:06:09.551,0:06:13.093
If you haven't found the person, stand up

0:06:13.394,0:06:18.641
and show it around[br]until you find the person.

0:06:20.794,0:06:23.188
If you find the person, sit down.

0:06:23.188,0:06:24.467
You found it?

0:06:24.467,0:06:27.292
MS: Look, please, please, hey, pspsps.

0:06:27.292,0:06:30.551
We need some silence, some silence.

0:06:30.551,0:06:33.666
People! Hey, hey!

0:06:38.766,0:06:39.991
Please, please, silence!

0:06:39.991,0:06:41.492
DA: I have a trick.

0:06:41.492,0:06:45.069
The secret of having good sex ...

0:06:45.069,0:06:47.166
(Laughter)

0:06:49.445,0:06:52.870
MS: People, please, please, please[br]make some silence here.

0:06:52.870,0:06:54.013
DA: Let me try again.

0:06:54.013,0:06:56.216
A guy goes to the rabbi,

0:06:56.216,0:07:01.905
and he says, "Rabbi,[br]I think my wife is trying to kill me.

0:07:01.905,0:07:05.080
Would you talk to her[br]and find out if that's the case?"

0:07:05.080,0:07:06.160
No, it doesn't work.

0:07:06.160,0:07:07.166
MS: No.

0:07:07.166,0:07:08.570
Anal sex!

0:07:08.570,0:07:10.334
(Laughter)

0:07:10.334,0:07:12.867
DA: Okay! Quiet!

0:07:13.087,0:07:17.128
MS: That's always - Okay,[br]you know, you should - hey!

0:07:17.128,0:07:22.154
People that don't have a partner,[br]you silently go to the [aisle],

0:07:22.154,0:07:23.614
you find someone else,

0:07:23.614,0:07:25.340
and you just invent a number,

0:07:25.340,0:07:28.078
and you write down the number[br]for the two envelopes.

0:07:28.078,0:07:30.322
Once you find a partner,

0:07:30.322,0:07:34.269
from now on, you have four minutes[br]to do the following thing.

0:07:34.269,0:07:35.934
Please pay attention.

0:07:35.934,0:07:40.777
You have to discuss[br]about these five questions,

0:07:40.777,0:07:42.175
freely.

0:07:42.175,0:07:45.049
You can discuss one of them,[br]three of them, four of them,

0:07:45.049,0:07:46.836
the one you like the most.

0:07:46.836,0:07:50.003
And you have to write down -[br]pay attention to this:

0:07:50.003,0:07:56.010
In part three, you have to write down[br]the opinion, the responses,

0:07:56.010,0:07:58.686
of the person you are talking with.

0:07:58.729,0:08:00.593
So here is part three,

0:08:00.763,0:08:01.893
and you will have to -

0:08:01.893,0:08:04.394
Sorry, in part two -

0:08:04.394,0:08:05.523
no in part two.

0:08:05.523,0:08:10.488
In part two, you will have to respond[br]the answers of your partners.

0:08:10.488,0:08:15.601
So you have four minutes from now on[br]to talk with the other person

0:08:15.601,0:08:18.562
and try to choose[br]the more sensitive issues.

0:08:18.932,0:08:19.970
Your time.

0:08:19.970,0:08:22.025
Now you can talk all what you want. Start!

0:08:22.025,0:08:23.347
DA: Go!

0:08:25.498,0:08:28.393
(Audience chatter)

0:09:44.332,0:09:46.792
Audience member:[br](Portuguese) Hey Marcos, which one?

0:09:46.792,0:09:48.822
Marcos: (Portuguese)[br]Decriminalizing drugs.

0:09:48.822,0:09:50.732
Audience member: Ah!

0:09:50.732,0:09:51.932
(Portuguese) Let's do it.

0:09:51.932,0:09:53.447
Marcos: (Portuguese) How crazy.

0:09:53.447,0:09:54.607
(Laughter)

0:09:54.607,0:09:59.094
Audience member: (Portuguese)[br]To me, the TED audience will agree on ...

0:10:17.322,0:10:20.317
[3 minutes later ...]

0:10:21.547,0:10:27.799
DA: Ehm, we want to make sure you write[br]the opinions of the other person

0:10:27.799,0:10:29.365
on part two.

0:10:29.545,0:10:33.433
So in part one,[br]you write your own opinions.

0:10:33.583,0:10:38.757
In part two, you write[br]the other person's opinion.

0:10:39.161,0:10:41.214
And once you finish that,

0:10:41.904,0:10:45.749
in the bottom,[br]there's a short description

0:10:45.749,0:10:49.743
of how you should end your discussion.

0:10:50.258,0:10:55.691
So please follow these instructions[br]of how to end this discussion,

0:10:55.691,0:10:57.326
and then -

0:10:59.192,0:11:01.454
Follow the instrucitons.

0:11:04.060,0:11:06.133
MS: Let's see two groups.

0:11:06.783,0:11:08.922
(Audience chatter)

0:11:15.812,0:11:17.344
DA: Okay.

0:11:17.728,0:11:22.415
And now, please fill part number three.

0:11:22.646,0:11:24.970
Fill out part number three.

0:11:24.970,0:11:27.872
MS: Part number three is private.

0:11:27.872,0:11:28.896
DA: Private.

0:11:28.896,0:11:32.941
MS: Do it alone. Each one alone.[br]Groups now are over.

0:11:32.941,0:11:35.865
You do it alone, and you fill part three.

0:11:35.865,0:11:38.855
DA: Part three, please fill it out.

0:11:39.089,0:11:41.745
And once you filled it out,

0:11:42.145,0:11:43.269
take this,

0:11:43.269,0:11:47.589
and put it back in your envelope.

0:11:49.877,0:11:54.294
And please pass the envelopes forward.

0:12:02.759,0:12:04.537
Quietly.

0:12:07.378,0:12:09.288
Okay, so -

0:12:13.293,0:12:15.553
So here is the question:

0:12:18.873,0:12:22.307
No, no, no. Don't seal it.[br]Don't worry. It's not that secret.

0:12:26.805,0:12:31.127
Okay, so, why did we do this?

0:12:31.471,0:12:32.483
MS: Why did we do it?

0:12:32.483,0:12:33.699
DA: Why did we do it?

0:12:33.699,0:12:39.342
MS: So, as you can see, these questions[br]are questions where people have hopefully,

0:12:39.342,0:12:43.367
I mean maybe in some of these groups,[br]you agreed completely;

0:12:43.367,0:12:46.510
in some of these groups,[br]maybe there were a lot of differences.

0:12:46.510,0:12:49.582
And as you may imagine,[br]as you may imagine,

0:12:49.582,0:12:53.620
we tend to like, we tend to trust,

0:12:53.620,0:12:57.514
we tend to think[br]that people that think like us

0:12:57.514,0:13:01.051
are actually better,[br]more attractive, more trustable.

0:13:01.051,0:13:02.968
So we wanted to ask this question.

0:13:02.968,0:13:07.430
In the very end, you all responded[br]questions about liking the other person.

0:13:07.430,0:13:09.686
But there was a bit of a trick.

0:13:09.686,0:13:10.711
DA: So wait.

0:13:10.711,0:13:17.238
So the first thing is we wanted[br]to replicate previous results

0:13:17.584,0:13:21.804
that basically say[br]when people are more similar to us,

0:13:21.804,0:13:23.871
we like them more.

0:13:24.223,0:13:27.264
And there's actually[br]quite a few interesting nuances.

0:13:27.264,0:13:28.865
MS: Yeah, so -[br]DA: What you found?

0:13:28.865,0:13:32.398
MS: So we've done - I mean, this is[br]the second time we did this experiment.

0:13:32.398,0:13:34.864
We did the first in Argentina[br]with 10,000 people,

0:13:34.864,0:13:37.265
and now we are doing it again[br]here in Portugal.

0:13:37.265,0:13:39.575
And what we are trying[br]to show, the first thing -

0:13:39.575,0:13:42.917
There are two things about this experiment[br]that we are trying to test -

0:13:42.917,0:13:46.292
there are questions, there are hypotheses[br]that we would like to respond.

0:13:46.292,0:13:47.955
The first one is you may have seen

0:13:47.955,0:13:50.344
that some of you,[br]when you finished the discussion,

0:13:50.344,0:13:51.714
you did something like this.

0:13:53.334,0:13:55.809
And some of you did something

0:13:56.764,0:13:57.764
like this.

0:13:57.764,0:14:00.125
And it happens to be not quite the same.

0:14:00.125,0:14:01.158
We asked -

0:14:01.158,0:14:03.271
and we ask this question[br]as always in science

0:14:03.271,0:14:07.443
because we have reason to believe[br]that if we hug the other person,

0:14:07.443,0:14:10.751
can this make us immune to this bias

0:14:10.751,0:14:13.710
by which we do not accept[br]so much the differences?

0:14:13.710,0:14:15.957
And it seems to be,[br]this is what we are finding,

0:14:15.957,0:14:18.020
this is what we would like[br]to confirm here -

0:14:18.020,0:14:20.071
DA: Too much for me,[br]let's get a little far.

0:14:20.071,0:14:22.277
MS: This is what[br]we are trying to confirm here,

0:14:22.277,0:14:24.609
that once we hug the other person,

0:14:24.609,0:14:26.147
we're more open,

0:14:26.147,0:14:28.927
and we're willing to trust[br]the people that think like us

0:14:28.927,0:14:31.791
but also the people[br]that think differently for us.

0:14:31.791,0:14:34.760
DA: So the question is whether the hug -

0:14:34.760,0:14:38.992
it basically bonds us[br]and can bridge differences.

0:14:39.276,0:14:42.101
Now, lots of those things[br]about our differences

0:14:42.101,0:14:44.484
are nothing that are explicit.

0:14:44.484,0:14:49.186
Before the session, there was[br]this beautiful video from Denmark.

0:14:49.186,0:14:52.783
Right? About all the people[br]with the differences and so on.

0:14:52.783,0:14:55.182
I was in Denmark a couple of months ago,

0:14:55.182,0:14:58.581
and there's a very funny thing[br]happening in Denmark,

0:14:58.581,0:15:04.688
which is kids start learning Danish[br]about two years slower

0:15:04.688,0:15:07.046
than they learned 20 years ago.

0:15:07.046,0:15:10.837
For some reason,[br]Danish kids are slower now

0:15:10.837,0:15:12.321
picking up language.

0:15:12.462,0:15:15.104
And the question is why.[br]Why does it happen?

0:15:15.134,0:15:16.578
It doesn't happen in Norway.

0:15:16.578,0:15:18.710
It only happens in Denmark.

0:15:19.527,0:15:21.843
And what they found is that the reason

0:15:21.843,0:15:27.276
is that the parents are speaking faster[br]and swallow their words.

0:15:27.402,0:15:30.462
They make it harder[br]for the kids to learn language.

0:15:30.462,0:15:32.950
Again, why would parents do that?

0:15:32.950,0:15:35.090
And the current theory

0:15:35.090,0:15:38.647
is that it's a barrier against immigrants.

0:15:39.070,0:15:41.361
So what the Danish[br]are doing - not explicitly,

0:15:41.361,0:15:45.229
it's not that the Danish say explicitly,[br]"We hate foreigners; let's do it,"

0:15:45.573,0:15:48.254
but as a society,[br]they created a mechanism

0:15:48.254,0:15:51.147
that creates barrier for new people.

0:15:51.147,0:15:54.451
And the barrier is that[br]it's harder to learn Danish -

0:15:54.451,0:15:56.587
they also make it harder[br]for their own kids

0:15:56.587,0:15:58.439
to learn Danish in the process -

0:15:58.439,0:16:01.009
and it's an implicit barrier.

0:16:01.009,0:16:05.842
So the question we wanted to ask here,[br]and we'll figure out the results,

0:16:05.842,0:16:09.199
is whether some kind[br]of physical connection

0:16:09.609,0:16:11.606
helps us bridge the gaps.

0:16:11.606,0:16:14.620
We've tried all kinds of things[br]in the past about bridging gaps,

0:16:14.620,0:16:17.488
including the four-minute[br]discussion that you have

0:16:17.488,0:16:20.039
and the results[br]were very impressive, right?

0:16:20.039,0:16:23.143
The results show that[br]even a four-minute diuscussion

0:16:23.143,0:16:26.889
on things that people really disagree with[br]helps bridge the gaps.

0:16:26.889,0:16:28.620
Now we're going to try to figure out

0:16:28.620,0:16:31.371
whether it's also about[br]physical proximity,

0:16:31.371,0:16:32.367
whether it helps.

0:16:32.367,0:16:34.280
MS: So again, this seems to be the case.

0:16:34.280,0:16:37.481
And sometimes, you know, science[br]does not have to be rocket science.

0:16:37.481,0:16:40.644
I mean, giving a hug[br]is not a lot of technology,

0:16:40.644,0:16:42.081
but maybe it's quite powerful,

0:16:42.081,0:16:43.953
and this is what we are trying to show,

0:16:43.953,0:16:46.860
that people become much more tolerant[br]once they've done so.

0:16:46.860,0:16:50.090
And to me, you know,[br]I watch a lot of football; this is -

0:16:50.090,0:16:52.065
I mean, what can I do, I'm Argentinian.

0:16:52.065,0:16:55.061
And people that watch a lot of football,

0:16:55.061,0:16:57.316
of course, there is not[br]a lot of good football.

0:16:57.316,0:17:00.279
So if you watch a lot of football,[br]you watch some good football

0:17:00.279,0:17:01.579
and a lot of bad football.

0:17:01.579,0:17:03.316
DA: Argentianian, you say.

0:17:03.316,0:17:04.858
MS: Yeah, Argentinian football -

0:17:04.858,0:17:06.036
bad football.

0:17:06.036,0:17:11.814
And so, often, I'm watching this game[br]which is completely irrelevant,

0:17:11.814,0:17:16.487
like a second division game[br]in the Luxembourg League.

0:17:16.487,0:17:18.913
I mean, imagine something[br]more irrelevant than that.

0:17:18.913,0:17:21.540
And it's like a game[br]in the middle of the championship -

0:17:21.540,0:17:24.153
irrelevant because it's in[br]the middle of a championship.

0:17:24.153,0:17:25.700
And the game is already closed -

0:17:25.700,0:17:27.563
there's nothing that will change.

0:17:27.563,0:17:28.924
And there is a goal there.

0:17:28.924,0:17:30.969
So you see how irrelevant this is.

0:17:30.969,0:17:33.678
It's the most irrelevant league,[br]the most irrelevant game,

0:17:33.678,0:17:34.973
the most irrelevant moment.

0:17:34.973,0:17:37.385
But the players, they hug each other

0:17:37.385,0:17:40.496
like it would be the most important[br]moment in the universe.

0:17:40.496,0:17:42.909
It's like you see them[br]and you go, What's going on?

0:17:42.909,0:17:44.797
And so when I saw that, I reflected,

0:17:44.797,0:17:46.878
I know how it's for you[br]in your professions.

0:17:46.878,0:17:49.137
I'm a scientist;[br]I've done science for 20 years,

0:17:49.137,0:17:51.599
and I think I've never hugged[br]any of my colleagues.

0:17:51.599,0:17:54.429
I mean, I've had very good moments,[br]good discoveries, good -

0:17:54.429,0:17:57.495
I mean, moments of thought,[br]good moments of enthusiasm.

0:17:57.495,0:17:59.177
But I've never said, You know what,

0:17:59.177,0:18:00.189
this is so important

0:18:00.189,0:18:03.160
that we should hug each other[br]in this moment of intense bonding

0:18:03.160,0:18:04.813
that actually football players do.

0:18:04.813,0:18:07.903
And so maybe what we should hear[br]is that this is quite important,

0:18:07.903,0:18:10.868
and so we proposed here[br]maybe to change that.

0:18:10.868,0:18:14.438
After 20 years, with one[br]of my friends and colleagues,

0:18:14.438,0:18:17.561
we're going to change that,[br]and we invite you to actually hug -

0:18:17.561,0:18:19.503
DA: Let's demonstrate.[br]Let's demonstrate.

0:18:19.503,0:18:21.451
MS: Physical contact can be like this ...

0:18:21.451,0:18:23.124
or it can be ... like this.

0:18:23.124,0:18:26.304
So you choose [Inaudible]

0:18:26.304,0:18:28.096
Both: Oooooh.

0:18:29.241,0:18:30.664
Rrrrghhhhh.

0:18:30.664,0:18:31.725
(Laughter)

0:18:31.725,0:18:33.244
(Applause)

0:18:34.888,0:18:36.451
DA: Okay, now -

0:18:36.451,0:18:38.122
MS: Everybody do the same.

0:18:39.599,0:18:40.668
Strong hug. Come on.

0:18:40.668,0:18:41.691
DA: Real hug.

0:18:41.691,0:18:43.507
A real hug.

0:18:44.673,0:18:46.890
(Audience chatter)

0:18:50.084,0:18:52.714
DA: I can feel the oxytocin.

0:19:03.610,0:19:04.833
Thank you very much,

0:19:04.833,0:19:08.136
and we will report the result[br]of the experiment soon.

0:19:08.136,0:19:09.999
MS: (Portuguese) Thank you! Bye!

0:19:09.999,0:19:11.633
(Applause) (Cheers)