[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.16,0:00:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is the ocean as I used to know it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.82,0:00:08.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I find that since I've been\Nin the Gulf a couple of times,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.06,0:00:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I really kind of am traumatized\Nbecause whenever I look at the ocean now,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.59,0:00:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter where I am,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.07,0:00:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even where I know\Nthat none of the oil has gone,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:19.00,0:00:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I sort of see slicks,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.00,0:00:25.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm finding that I'm very much\Nhaunted by it.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.67,0:00:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what I want to talk to you about today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.89,0:00:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a lot of things that try\Nto put all of this in context,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.44,0:00:38.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not just about the oil eruption,\Nbut what it means and why it has happened.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.44,0:00:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First, just a little bit about me.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.10,0:00:42.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm basically just a guy\Nthat likes to go fishing
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.63,0:00:45.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ever since I was a little kid,\Nand because I did,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.61,0:00:47.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wound up studying sea birds
Dialogue: 0,0:00:47.70,0:00:51.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to stay in the coastal habitats\Nthat I so loved.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.15,0:00:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And now I mainly write books\Nabout how the ocean is changing,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.76,0:00:58.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the ocean is certainly\Nchanging very rapidly.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.68,0:01:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now we saw this graphic earlier on,\Nthat we really live on a hard marble
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.52,0:01:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that has just a slight bit\Nof wetness to it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.00,0:01:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like you dipped a marble in water.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.27,0:01:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the same thing with the atmosphere:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.36,0:01:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you took all the atmosphere\Nand rolled it up in a ball,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.61,0:01:18.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would get that little sphere\Nof gas on the right.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.55,0:01:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we live on the most fragile\Nlittle soap bubble you can imagine,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.80,0:01:28.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a very sacred soap bubble,\Nbut one that is very, very easy to affect.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.59,0:01:33.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And all the burning of oil and coal\Nand gas, all the fossil fuels,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.46,0:01:35.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have changed the atmosphere greatly.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.65,0:01:38.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon dioxide level\Nhas gone up and up and up.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.60,0:01:40.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're warming the climate.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.94,0:01:42.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the blowout in the Gulf
Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.97,0:01:47.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is just a little piece\Nof a much larger problem
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.14,0:01:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we have with the energy\Nthat we use to run civilization.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.24,0:01:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beyond warming,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.70,0:01:56.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have the problem\Nof the oceans getting more acidified --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.41,0:02:00.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and already measurably so,\Nand already affecting animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.20,0:02:07.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now in the laboratory, if you take a clam\Nand you put it in the pH that is not 8.1,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.65,0:02:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the normal pH\Nof seawater, but 7.5,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.40,0:02:14.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it dissolves in about three days.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.03,0:02:17.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you take a sea urchin larva from 8.1,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.85,0:02:22.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put it in a pH of 7.7 --\Nnot a huge change --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.17,0:02:24.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it becomes deformed and dies.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.84,0:02:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Already, commercial oyster larvae\Nare dying at large scales in some places.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.25,0:02:36.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Coral reefs are growing slower\Nin some places because of this problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.61,0:02:38.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this really matters.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.24,0:02:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, let's take a little tour\Naround the Gulf a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.62,0:02:46.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the things that really impresses me\Nabout the people in the Gulf:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.04,0:02:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are really, really aquatic people.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.35,0:02:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they can handle water.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.00,0:02:52.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can handle a hurricane\Nthat comes and goes.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.66,0:02:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When the water goes down,\Nthey know what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.00,0:02:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when it's something other than water,\Nand their water habitat changes,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.78,0:03:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't have many options.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.45,0:03:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact, those entire communities\Nreally don't have many options.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.54,0:03:08.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't have another thing they can do.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.20,0:03:12.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can't go and work\Nin the local hotel business
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.29,0:03:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because there isn't one\Nin their community.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.52,0:03:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to the Gulf and you look around,\Nyou do see a lot of oil.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.00,0:03:22.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see a lot of oil on the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.88,0:03:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see a lot of oil on the shoreline.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.00,0:03:28.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to the site of the blowout,\Nit looks pretty unbelievable.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.00,0:03:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks like you just emptied\Nthe oil pan in your car,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.00,0:03:34.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you just dumped it in the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.30,0:03:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And one of the really\Nmost incredible things, I think,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.18,0:03:40.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that there's nobody out there\Ntrying to collect it
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.78,0:03:43.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the site where it is densest.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.40,0:03:48.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Parts of the ocean there\Nlook just absolutely apocalyptic.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.56,0:03:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You go in along the shore,\Nyou can find it everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.06,0:03:56.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really messy.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.24,0:03:58.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to the places\Nwhere it's just arriving,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.63,0:04:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the eastern part\Nof the Gulf, in Alabama,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.09,0:04:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's still people using the beach
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.00,0:04:05.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while there are people\Ncleaning up the beach.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.17,0:04:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they have a very strange\Nway of cleaning up the beach.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.91,0:04:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're not allowed to put\Nmore than 10 pounds of sand
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.60,0:04:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a 50-gallon plastic bag.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.33,0:04:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They have thousands\Nand thousands of plastic bags.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.71,0:04:16.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what they'll do\Nwith all that stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.02,0:04:19.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Meanwhile, there are still\Npeople trying to use the beach.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.77,0:04:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't see the sign\Nthat says: "Stay out of the water."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.57,0:04:23.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their kids are in the water;
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.02,0:04:26.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're getting tar all over\Ntheir clothes and their sandals--
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.98,0:04:28.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a mess.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.21,0:04:31.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you go to where the oil has been\Nfor a while, it's an even bigger mess.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.74,0:04:34.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's basically\Nnobody there anymore,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.15,0:04:37.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a few people trying to keep using it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.76,0:04:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see people who are really\Nshell-shocked.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.12,0:04:42.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are very hardworking people.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:42.13,0:04:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All they know about life\Nis they get up in the morning,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.77,0:04:47.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if their engine starts,\Nthey go to work.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.09,0:04:51.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They always felt that\Nthey could rely on the assurances
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.40,0:04:54.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that nature brought them\Nthrough the ecosystem of the Gulf.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.71,0:04:57.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're finding that their world\Nis really collapsing.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.53,0:05:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so you can see, literally,\Nsigns of their shock ...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.00,0:05:07.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,signs of their outrage ...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.62,0:05:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,signs of their anger ...
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.32,0:05:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and signs of their grief.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.83,0:05:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are the things that you can see.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.00,0:05:28.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a lot you can't see,\Nalso, underwater.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.63,0:05:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's going on underwater?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.52,0:05:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, some people say\Nthere are oil plumes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.15,0:05:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some people say there are not oil plumes.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.82,0:05:41.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And Congressman Markey asks, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.20,0:05:46.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Is it going to take a submarine ride\Nto see if there are really oil plumes?"
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.73,0:05:48.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I couldn't take a submarine ride --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.66,0:05:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially between the time I knew\NI was coming here and today --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.78,0:05:55.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I had to do a little experiment myself
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.00,0:05:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see if there was oil\Nin the Gulf of Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.41,0:06:00.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is the Gulf of Mexico ...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.34,0:06:02.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sparkling place full of fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.41,0:06:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I created a little oil spill\Nin the Gulf of Mexico.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.87,0:06:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I learned, in fact,\NI confirmed the hypothesis
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.60,0:06:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that oil and water don't mix ...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.31,0:06:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until you add a dispersant ...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.09,0:06:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then ...
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.89,0:06:22.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they start mixing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.41,0:06:27.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you add a little energy\Nfrom the wind and the waves,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.65,0:06:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you get a big mess,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.97,0:06:34.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a big mess that you can't possibly clean,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.13,0:06:37.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't touch, you can't extract
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.18,0:06:40.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, I think most importantly --\Nthis is what I think --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:40.47,0:06:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.00,0:06:45.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's being hidden on purpose.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:45.36,0:06:47.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this is such a catastrophe\Nand such a mess
Dialogue: 0,0:06:48.00,0:06:51.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that lots of stuff is leaking out\Non the edges of the information stream.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.69,0:06:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But as many people have said,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.38,0:06:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's a large attempt\Nto suppress what's going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.51,0:07:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Personally, I think that the dispersants\Nare a major strategy to hide the body,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:03.50,0:07:06.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because we put the murderer\Nin charge of the crime scene.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.57,0:07:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you can see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.00,0:07:13.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see where the oil\Nis concentrated at the surface,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.21,0:07:15.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then it is attacked,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.87,0:07:18.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they don't want\Nthe evidence, in my opinion.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.38,0:07:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.90,0:07:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We heard that bacteria eat oil?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.42,0:07:24.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So do sea turtles.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.52,0:07:26.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it breaks up,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.96,0:07:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has a long way to go\Nbefore it gets down to bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.90,0:07:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Turtles eat it.\NIt gets in the gills of fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.00,0:07:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These guys have to swim around through it.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.28,0:07:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I heard the most incredible story today\Nwhen I was on the train coming here.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.70,0:07:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A writer named Ted Williams called me,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:44.52,0:07:47.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he was asking me\Na couple of questions about what I saw,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.43,0:07:50.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because he's writing an article\Nfor Audubon magazine.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.60,0:07:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said that he had been in the Gulf\Na little while ago; like about a week ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.37,0:07:58.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a guy who had\Nbeen a recreational fishing guide
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.31,0:08:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,took him out to show him what's going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.00,0:08:05.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That guide's entire calendar year\Nis canceled bookings.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.00,0:08:07.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He has no bookings left.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.94,0:08:10.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody wanted their deposit back,\Neverybody is fleeing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.00,0:08:12.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the story of thousands of people.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.99,0:08:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But he told Ted\Nthat on the last day he went out,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.62,0:08:22.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bottlenose dolphin\Nsuddenly appeared next to the boat,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.77,0:08:26.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it was splattering oil\Nout its blowhole.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.94,0:08:32.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he moved away\Nbecause it was his last fishing trip,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:33.80,0:08:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he knew that the dolphins scare fish.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.00,0:08:39.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So he moved away from it,\Nturned around a few minutes later,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.91,0:08:42.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was right next to the side\Nof the boat again.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.18,0:08:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He said that in 30 years of fishing\Nhe had never seen a dolphin do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.62,0:08:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And he felt that --
Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.69,0:08:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Sigh)
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.92,0:08:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he felt that it was\Ncoming to ask for help.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.94,0:08:54.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sorry.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:55.39,0:08:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in the Exxon Valdez spill,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.86,0:09:04.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about 30 percent of the killer whales\Ndied in the first few months.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.64,0:09:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Their numbers have never recovered.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.58,0:09:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the recovery rate of all this stuff\Nis going to be variable.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.47,0:09:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's going to take longer for some things.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.32,0:09:17.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some things, I think,\Nwill probably come back a little faster.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.27,0:09:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other thing about the Gulf\Nthat is important
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.00,0:09:24.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that there are a lot of animals\Nthat concentrate in the Gulf
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.49,0:09:27.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at certain parts of the year.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.82,0:09:30.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So the Gulf is a really\Nimportant piece of water --
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.45,0:09:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more important than a similar volume\Nof water in the open Atlantic Ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.00,0:09:37.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These tuna swim the entire ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.00,0:09:40.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get in the Gulf Stream,\Nthey go all the way to Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:40.80,0:09:42.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When it comes time to spawn,\Nthey come inside,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:42.99,0:09:44.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these two tuna that were tagged,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.74,0:09:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see them on the spawning grounds
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.86,0:09:49.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very much right in the area of the slick.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.59,0:09:52.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're probably having,\Nat the very least,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.10,0:09:54.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a catastrophic spawning season this year.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.88,0:09:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm hoping that maybe the adults\Nare avoiding that dirty water.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:58.72,0:10:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't usually like to go into water\Nthat is very cloudy anyway.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.15,0:10:06.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these are really\Nhigh-performance athletic animals.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.96,0:10:10.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know what this kind of stuff\Nwill do in their gills.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.23,0:10:12.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know if it'll affect the adults.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.20,0:10:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If it's not, it's certainly affecting\Ntheir eggs and larvae,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.04,0:10:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would certainly think.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.25,0:10:19.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you look at that graph\Nthat goes down and down and down,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.62,0:10:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's what we've done to this species\Nthrough overfishing over many decades.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:24.36,0:10:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So while the oil spill, the leak,\Nthe eruption, is a catastrophe,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.54,0:10:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's important to keep in mind
Dialogue: 0,0:10:32.30,0:10:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've done a lot to affect\Nwhat's in the ocean, for a very long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.44,0:10:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not like we're starting\Nwith something that's been OK.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.80,0:10:42.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're starting with something\Nthat's had a lot of stresses
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.56,0:10:44.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a lot of problems to begin with.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.45,0:10:48.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look around at the birds,\Nthere are a lot of birds in the Gulf
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.50,0:10:51.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that concentrate in the Gulf\Nat certain times of the year,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.29,0:10:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then leave.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.60,0:10:55.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they populate much larger areas.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.39,0:11:01.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For instance, most of the birds\Nin this picture are migratory birds.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.60,0:11:03.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They were all on the Gulf in May,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.47,0:11:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while oil was starting\Nto come ashore in certain places.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.61,0:11:11.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Down on the lower left there\Nare ruddy turnstones and sanderlings.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.19,0:11:12.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They breed in the High Arctic,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:12.93,0:11:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they winter\Ndown in southern South America.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.52,0:11:20.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But they concentrate in the Gulf\Nand then fan out all across the Arctic.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.36,0:11:23.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I saw birds that breed\Nin Greenland, in the Gulf.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.85,0:11:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a hemispheric issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.29,0:11:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The economic effects\Ngo at least nationally in many ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.11,0:11:36.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The biological effects\Nare certainly hemispheric.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.87,0:11:44.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that this is one of the most\Nabsolutely mind-boggling examples
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.08,0:11:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of total unpreparedness\Nthat I can even think of.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.92,0:11:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even when the Japanese\Nbombed Pearl Harbor,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.84,0:11:52.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least they shot back.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.27,0:11:56.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we just seem to be unable\Nto figure out what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.38,0:12:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There was nothing ready,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.04,0:12:03.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, you know, as we can see\Nby what they're doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:03.45,0:12:06.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mainly what they're doing\Nis booms and dispersants.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.24,0:12:09.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The booms are absolutely\Nnot made for open water.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.02,0:12:14.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They don't even attempt to corral\Nthe oil where it is most concentrated.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.88,0:12:17.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They get near shore --\NLook at these two boats.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.14,0:12:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That one on the right\Nis called Fishing Fool.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.79,0:12:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think, you know, that's a great name
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.82,0:12:24.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for boats that think\Nthat they're going to do anything
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.90,0:12:27.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make a dent in this,\Nby dragging a boom between them
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.00,0:12:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when there are literally\Nhundreds of thousands of square miles
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.99,0:12:33.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Gulf right now\Nwith oil at the surface.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.89,0:12:37.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The dispersants make the oil\Ngo right under the booms.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.67,0:12:41.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The booms are only\Nabout 13 inches in diameter.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.87,0:12:44.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's just absolutely crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:44.92,0:12:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here are shrimp boats employed.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.64,0:12:50.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are hundreds of shrimp boats\Nemployed to drag booms instead of nets.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.60,0:12:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here they are working.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.95,0:12:53.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see easily
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.77,0:12:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that all the oily water\Njust goes over the back of the boom.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.69,0:12:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All they're doing is stirring it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.66,0:13:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's just ridiculous.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.10,0:13:05.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Also, for all the shoreline\Nthat has booms --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.23,0:13:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hundreds and hundreds\Nof miles of shoreline --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.43,0:13:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all of the shoreline that has booms,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:09.23,0:13:11.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's adjacent shoreline\Nthat doesn't have any booms.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.94,0:13:16.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is ample opportunity for oil\Nand dirty water to get in behind them.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:17.00,0:13:20.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that lower photo,\Nthat's a bird colony that has been boomed.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.85,0:13:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody's trying to protect\Nthe bird colonies there.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:25.44,0:13:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, as an ornithologist,\NI can tell you that birds fly, and that --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.70,0:13:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.67,0:13:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that booming a bird colony\Ndoesn't do it; it doesn't do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.00,0:13:44.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These birds make a living\Nby diving into the water.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.62,0:13:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In fact ...
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.14,0:13:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really what I think\Nthey should do, if anything --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:51.31,0:13:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're trying so hard\Nto protect those nests --
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.47,0:13:57.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually, if they destroyed\Nevery single nest,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.16,0:13:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of the birds would leave,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.22,0:14:01.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that would be better\Nfor them this year.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.42,0:14:03.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As far as cleaning them ...
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.00,0:14:09.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't mean to cast any aspersion\Non people cleaning birds.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.96,0:14:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really, really important\Nthat we express our compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.88,0:14:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that's the most important\Nthing that people have, is compassion.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.03,0:14:21.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's really important\Nto get those images and to show it.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:22.00,0:14:25.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But really, where are those birds\Ngoing to get released to?
Dialogue: 0,0:14:25.40,0:14:27.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's like taking somebody\Nout of a burning building,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:27.87,0:14:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,treating them for smoke inhalation
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.53,0:14:33.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and sending them back into the building,\Nbecause the oil is still gushing.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.69,0:14:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I refuse to acknowledge this\Nas anything like an accident.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.60,0:14:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think that this is the result\Nof gross negligence.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.21,0:14:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.35,0:14:48.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Not just BP.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:48.66,0:14:55.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,BP operated very sloppily\Nand very recklessly because they could.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:55.34,0:14:57.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they were allowed to do so
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.31,0:15:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the absolute failure\Nof oversight of the government
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.72,0:15:06.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is supposed to be\Nour government, protecting us.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.30,0:15:09.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.84,0:15:13.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see this sign on every commercial\Nvessel in the United States --
Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.09,0:15:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, if you spilled\Na couple of gallons of oil,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.72,0:15:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you would be in big trouble.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.12,0:15:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you have to really wonder\Nwho are the laws made for,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.75,0:15:25.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who has gotten above the laws.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:25.45,0:15:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are things\Nthat we can do in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.82,0:15:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We could have the kinds of equipment\Nthat we would really need.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:30.90,0:15:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would not take\Nan awful lot to anticipate
Dialogue: 0,0:15:33.88,0:15:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that after making 30,000 holes
Dialogue: 0,0:15:36.30,0:15:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the sea floor of the Gulf\Nof Mexico looking for oil,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:39.14,0:15:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oil might start coming out of one of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.56,0:15:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you'd have some idea of what to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:44.74,0:15:47.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's certainly\None of the things we need to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:47.06,0:15:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think we have to understand\Nwhere this leak really started from.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.00,0:15:57.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It really started from the destruction\Nof the idea that the government is there
Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.37,0:15:59.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's our government,
Dialogue: 0,0:15:59.11,0:16:01.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meant to protect\Nthe larger public interest.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:06.00,0:16:09.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I think that the oil blowout,\Nthe bank bailout,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.64,0:16:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the mortgage crisis and all these things\Nare absolutely symptoms of the same cause.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.24,0:16:21.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We still seem to understand that at least,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:21.13,0:16:25.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need the police to protect us\Nfrom a few bad people.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.54,0:16:28.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even though the police\Ncan be a little annoying at times --
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.57,0:16:30.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,giving us tickets and stuff like that --
Dialogue: 0,0:16:30.50,0:16:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,nobody says that we should\Njust get rid of them.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:33.05,0:16:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But in the entire rest\Nof government right now
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.00,0:16:37.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for the last at least 30 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.89,0:16:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there has been a culture of deregulation
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.00,0:16:46.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is caused directly by the people\Nwho we need to be protected from,
Dialogue: 0,0:16:46.95,0:16:49.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,buying the government out from under us.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:50.26,0:16:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.92,0:17:02.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now this has been a problem\Nfor a very, very long time.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:03.16,0:17:08.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can see that corporations were illegal\Nat the founding of America,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.55,0:17:11.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even Thomas Jefferson complained
Dialogue: 0,0:17:11.28,0:17:16.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they were already bidding defiance\Nto the laws of our country.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:18.16,0:17:21.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OK, people who say they're conservative,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.69,0:17:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if they really wanted to be\Nreally conservative and patriotic,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.53,0:17:29.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would tell\Nthese corporations to go to hell.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:30.18,0:17:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what it would really mean\Nto be conservative.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:33.81,0:17:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what we really need to do\Nis regain the idea
Dialogue: 0,0:17:38.53,0:17:41.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's our government\Nsafeguarding our interests,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.77,0:17:45.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and regain a sense of unity\Nand common cause in our country
Dialogue: 0,0:17:46.00,0:17:47.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that really has been lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.93,0:17:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think there are signs of hope.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:50.89,0:17:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We seem to be waking up a little bit.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:53.42,0:17:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Glass-Steagall Act --\Nwhich was really to protect us
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.45,0:17:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the kind of thing\Nthat caused the recession to happen,
Dialogue: 0,0:17:59.50,0:18:03.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the bank meltdown and all that stuff\Nthat required the bailouts --
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.22,0:18:07.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was put in effect in 1933,\Nwas systematically destroyed.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.94,0:18:11.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now there's a mood to put\Nsome of that stuff back in place,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.70,0:18:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the lobbyists are already there\Ntrying to weaken the regulations
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.24,0:18:18.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after the legislation has just passed.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.00,0:18:20.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's a continued fight.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.00,0:18:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a historic moment right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.07,0:18:27.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're either going to have an absolutely\Nunmitigated catastrophe
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.11,0:18:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of this oil leak in the Gulf,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:28.77,0:18:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we will make the moment\Nwe need out of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.44,0:18:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as many people have noted today.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.13,0:18:34.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's certainly a common theme
Dialogue: 0,0:18:34.81,0:18:37.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about needing to make\Nthe moment out of this.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:37.24,0:18:41.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been through this before\Nwith other ways of offshore drilling.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:41.28,0:18:43.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first offshore wells\Nwere called whales.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.30,0:18:47.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first offshore drills\Nwere called harpoons.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.19,0:18:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We emptied the ocean\Nof the whales at that time.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:50.74,0:18:52.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now are we stuck with this?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:52.46,0:18:56.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ever since we lived in caves,\Nevery time we wanted any energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:18:56.39,0:18:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we lit something on fire,\Nand that is still what we're doing.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:59.97,0:19:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're still lighting something on fire\Nevery time we want energy.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:04.59,0:19:08.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people say we can't have clean energy
Dialogue: 0,0:19:08.10,0:19:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's too expensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:11.00,0:19:12.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who says it's too expensive?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.80,0:19:15.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People who sell us fossil fuels.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.08,0:19:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've been here before with energy,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.00,0:19:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people saying the economy\Ncannot withstand a switch,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.12,0:19:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the cheapest energy was slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:25.36,0:19:28.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Energy is always a moral issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.14,0:19:30.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an issue that is moral right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:30.43,0:19:32.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a matter of right and wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.100,0:19:34.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.19,0:19:35.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)