[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.20,0:00:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ok, so, it's time for the keynotes\Nand we are very honoured to have
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.30,0:00:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eben Moglen here as first keynote speaker
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.20,0:00:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is a professor of Law \Nand Legal History at Columbia University.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.30,0:00:25.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He is probably most known \Nfor his involvement in the FSF
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.40,0:00:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and for creating the Software Freedom Law Centre.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.40,0:00:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He was also heavily involved \Nin the creation of the GPL version 3
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.90,0:00:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and many other things of course\Nand so he will give a talk here today about
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.40,0:00:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why political liberty depends \Non software freedom more than ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.50,0:00:47.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eben Moglen, thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.50,0:00:57.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you, good morning\Nit's a great pleasure to be here.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.50,0:01:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanna thank the organisers \Nfor the miracle that FOSDEM is
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.50,0:01:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You all know that only chaos
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.50,0:01:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could create an organisation\Nof this quality and power
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.80,0:01:17.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's an honour for me \Nto play a little bit of a role in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.40,0:01:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know how eager you are \Nto deal with technical matters
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.50,0:01:29.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'm sorry to start with politics \Nfirst thing in the morning, but it's urgent.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.70,0:01:36.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've been watching it all around the world \Nthe past several weeks haven't you?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.50,0:01:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's about how politics actually works now
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.70,0:01:45.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people actually seeking freedom now
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.60,0:01:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for people trying to make \Nchange in their world now.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.10,0:01:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Software is what the 21st century is made of.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.70,0:02:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What steel was to the economy of the 20th century
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.10,0:02:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what steel was to the power of the 20th century
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.10,0:02:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what steel was to the politics \Nof the 20th century, software is now.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.90,0:02:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the crucial building block,\Nthe component out of which everything else is made.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.90,0:02:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when I speak of everything else\NI mean, of course, freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.50,0:02:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As well as tyranny, as well as business as usual
Dialogue: 0,0:02:34.80,0:02:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as spying on everybody for free all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.00,0:02:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, the very composition of social life
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.50,0:02:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way it works or doesn't work for us
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.90,0:02:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way it works or doesn't work for those who own
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.90,0:02:59.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the way it works or doesn't work for those who oppress
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.80,0:03:04.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all now depends on software.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.30,0:03:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At the other end of this hastening process
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.70,0:03:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we started our little conspiracy\Nyou and me and everybody else
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.20,0:03:19.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you remember how it works, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.10,0:03:20.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean it's a simple idea.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.90,0:03:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Make freedom, put freedom in everything,\Nturn freedom on, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.90,0:03:33.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was how the conspiracy was designed\Nthat's how the thing is supposed to work
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.70,0:03:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We did pretty well with it\Nand about halfway through stage 1
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.20,0:03:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my dear friend Larry Lessig \Nfigured out what was going on for us
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.10,0:03:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he wrote his first \Nquite astonishing book "Code"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.50,0:03:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which he said that code was going \Nto do the work of law in the 21st century.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.80,0:04:00.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was a crucial idea \Nout of which much else got born
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.80,0:04:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,including creative commons \Nand a bunch of other useful things.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.80,0:04:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The really important point now is \Nthat code does the work of law
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.70,0:04:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the work of the state and code does \Nthe work of revolution against the state.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.70,0:04:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And code does all the work that the state does
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.90,0:04:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to retain its power in revolutionary situations.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.20,0:04:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But code also organises the people in the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.10,0:04:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're having enormous demonstration \Naround the world right now
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.90,0:04:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the power of code in both directions.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.00,0:04:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The newspapers in the United States \Nthis past month have been full of the buzz
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.80,0:04:52.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the book called\N"The Net Delusion" by Evgeny Morozov
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.00,0:05:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A very interesting book taking a more pessimistic view\Nof the political nature of the changes in the net
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.00,0:05:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mr. Morozov who comes from Belarus
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.60,0:05:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore has a clear understanding \Nof the mechanism of 21st century despotism
Dialogue: 0,0:05:12.90,0:05:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sees the ways in which the institutions of the net
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.70,0:05:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are increasingly being co-opted by the state \Nin an effort to limit control or eliminate freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.00,0:05:36.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And his summary of half decade of \Npolicy papers on that subject in his book
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.90,0:05:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a warning to the technological optimists,\Nat least he says it is
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.60,0:05:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the nature of the net delusion \Nthat the net brings freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.10,0:05:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am, I guess, one of the technological optimists\Nbecause I do think the net brings freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.80,0:06:01.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't think Mr. Morozov is wrong, however.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.60,0:06:05.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The wrong net brings tyranny \Nand the right net brings freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.70,0:06:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a version of the reason why \NI still have the buttons for distribution
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.50,0:06:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that says "Stallman was right".
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.90,0:06:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The right net brings freedom\Nand the wrong net brings tyranny
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.60,0:06:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it all depends on how the code works.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.90,0:06:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All right, so we all know that.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.70,0:06:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've spent a lot of time making free software.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.10,0:06:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've spent a lot of time \Nputting free software in everything
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.90,0:06:33.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we have tried to turn freedom on.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.80,0:06:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have also joined forces with other elements
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.00,0:06:44.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the free culture world \Nthat we helped to bring into existence.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.30,0:06:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've known Jimmy Wales a long time \Nand Julian Assange, and that changes the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.50,0:07:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wikipedia and Wikileaks \Nare two sides of the same coin.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.20,0:07:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are the two sides of the same coin\Nthe third side of which is FOSDEM.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.10,0:07:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the power of ordinary people \Nto organise, to change the world
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.80,0:07:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without having to create hierarchy
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.90,0:07:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and without having to recapitulate \Nthe structures of power
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.80,0:07:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are being challenged \Nby the desire to make freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.90,0:07:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wikileaks was being treated \Neverywhere around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.30,0:07:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a semi-criminal fashion at Christmas time
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.90,0:07:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then events in Tunisia made it \Na little more complicated.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.70,0:07:45.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As it became clear that what was \Nbeing reported on around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.80,0:07:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as though it was primarily a conspiracy\Nto injure the dignity of the US State Department
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.80,0:07:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or to embarrass the United States military
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.10,0:08:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was actually, really, an attempt \Nto allow people to learn about their world.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:03.90,0:08:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To learn about how power really operates\Nand therefore to do something about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.80,0:08:18.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what happened in Tunisia was, \NI thought, an eloquent rebuttal
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.50,0:08:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the idea that the Wikileaks \Nand free culture and free software
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.00,0:08:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was primarily engaged in destruction,\Nnihilism or I shrink from even employing
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.10,0:08:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the word in this context, terrorism.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.60,0:08:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was instead freedom \Nwhich is messy, complicated,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.80,0:08:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,potentially damaging in the short term\Nbut salvational in the long term.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.90,0:08:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The medicine for the human soul.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.10,0:08:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's hard, I know, because most \Nof the time when we're coding
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.80,0:09:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it doesn't feel like \Nwe're doing anything
Dialogue: 0,0:09:01.80,0:09:05.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the human soul is directly \Nvery much involved in
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.60,0:09:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to take with full seriousness
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.90,0:09:15.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the political and spiritual meaning\Nof free software at the present hour.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.80,0:09:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But there are a lot of Egyptians \Nwhose freedom now depends
Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.10,0:09:27.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,upon their ability \Nto communicate with one another
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.40,0:09:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through a database owned \Nfor-profit by a guy in California
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.40,0:09:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who obeys orders from governments, \Nwho send orders to disclose to Facebook.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.60,0:09:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are watching in real time \Nthe evolution of the kinds of politics
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.70,0:09:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of liberation and freedom \Nin the 21st century that code can make
Dialogue: 0,0:09:54.10,0:09:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are watching in real time \Nthe discovery of the vulnerabilities
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.70,0:10:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that arise from the bad engineering \Nof the current system.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.30,0:10:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Social networking, that is the ability \Nto use free-form methods of communication
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.70,0:10:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from many to many, now, \Nin an instantaneous fashion
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.10,0:10:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changes the balance of power in society.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.90,0:10:33.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Away from highly organised \Nvehicles of state control
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.10,0:10:37.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards people in their own lives.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.50,0:10:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What has happened in Iran, in Egypt, in Tunisia
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.90,0:10:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what will happen in other \Nsocieties over the next few years
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.30,0:10:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demonstrates the enormous political \Nand social importance of social networking.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.80,0:11:01.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But everything we know \Nabout technology tells us
Dialogue: 0,0:11:01.40,0:11:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the current forms \Nof social network communication
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.10,0:11:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite their enormous current value for \Npolitics are also intensely dangerous to use.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.20,0:11:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are too centralised
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.90,0:11:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They are too vulnerable \Nto state retaliation and control.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.50,0:11:25.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the design of their technology
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.50,0:11:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like the design of almost \Nall unfree software technology
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.70,0:11:35.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is motivated more by \Nbusiness interests seeking profit
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.80,0:11:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than by technological interests seeking freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.20,0:11:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As a result of which, we are watching
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.70,0:11:46.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political movements of enormous value
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.90,0:11:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,capable of transforming \Nthe lives of hundreds of millions of people
Dialogue: 0,0:11:51.90,0:12:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resting on a fragile basis\Nlike for example the courage of Mr. Zuckerberg
Dialogue: 0,0:12:00.20,0:12:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the willingness of Google to resist the state
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.10,0:12:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the state is a powerful business partner
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.10,0:12:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a party Google cannot afford to insult.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.20,0:12:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are living in a world \Nin which real-time information
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.10,0:12:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,crucial to people in the street\Nseeking to build their freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:12:27.90,0:12:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depends on a commercial \Nmicro-blogging service in northern California
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.70,0:12:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which must turn a profit \Nin order to justify its existence
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.00,0:12:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the people who design its technology
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.90,0:12:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and which we know is capable \Nof deciding overnight all by itself
Dialogue: 0,0:12:49.50,0:12:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to donate the entire history \Nof everything, everybody said through it
Dialogue: 0,0:12:54.90,0:12:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the library of Congress.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.30,0:13:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which means, I suppose, that in some other place
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.60,0:13:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they could make a different style of donation.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:06.30,0:13:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to fix this. We need to fix it quickly.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.80,0:13:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are now behind the curve of the movements \Nfor freedom that depend on code.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.80,0:13:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every day that we don't fix the problems created\Nby the use of insecure, over-centralised
Dialogue: 0,0:13:29.10,0:13:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overcapitalised social network media \Nto do the politics of freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.30,0:13:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the real politics of freedom \Nin the street, where the tanks are.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.80,0:13:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The more we don't fix this, \Nthe more we are becoming part of the system
Dialogue: 0,0:13:47.90,0:13:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will bring about a tragedy soon.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:53.20,0:13:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What has happened in Egypt \Nis enormously inspiring.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.00,0:14:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the Egyptian state was late \Nto the attempt to control the net
Dialogue: 0,0:14:05.10,0:14:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and not ready to be \Nas remorseless as it could have been.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.10,0:14:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is not hard when everybody's just in one \Nbig database controlled by Mr. Zuckerberg
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.20,0:14:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to decapitate a revolution by sending an order\Nto Mr. Zuckerberg that he cannot afford to refuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.40,0:14:45.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to think deeply and rapidly \Nand to good technological effect
Dialogue: 0,0:14:45.80,0:14:53.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the consequences of what \Nwe have built and what we haven't built yet.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:53.80,0:14:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I pointed a couple of times \Nalready to the reason why
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.80,0:15:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,centralised social networking \Nand data distribution services
Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.10,0:15:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be replaced by federated services.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:06.10,0:15:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was talking about that intensively last year
Dialogue: 0,0:15:09.50,0:15:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before this recent round \Nof demonstrations in the street
Dialogue: 0,0:15:14.40,0:15:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the importance of the whole thing began.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:17.50,0:15:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I want to come back \Nto the projects I have been advocating.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:21.90,0:15:27.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let me just say here, \Nagain, from this other perspective
Dialogue: 0,0:15:27.90,0:15:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the overcentralisation of network services\Nis a crucial political vulnerability.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:35.00,0:15:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Friends of ours, people seeking freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.80,0:15:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are going to get arrested, beaten, tortured \Nand eventually killed somewhere on earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.80,0:15:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because they're depending for their political \Nsurvival in their movements for freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:15:52.90,0:15:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on technology we know, is built to sell them out.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:03.00,0:16:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we care about freedom as much as we do
Dialogue: 0,0:16:07.30,0:16:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if we are as bright \Nwith technology as we are
Dialogue: 0,0:16:10.50,0:16:14.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have to address that problem. \NWe are actually running out of time.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.60,0:16:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because people whose movements we care deeply about
Dialogue: 0,0:16:18.80,0:16:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are already out there in harm's way \Nusing stuff that can hurt them.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:26.80,0:16:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want anybody taking life or death risks\Nto make freedom somewhere carrying an iPhone.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.80,0:16:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because I know what that iPhone can be doing to him
Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.90,0:16:46.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without our having any way to control it, \Nstop it, help it or even know what's going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:47.30,0:16:53.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to think infrastructurally\Nabout what we mean to freedom now.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:53.80,0:16:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we need to learn the lessons\Nof what we see happening around us in real time.
Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.80,0:17:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing that the Egyptian situation showed us
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.50,0:17:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we probably knew after the Iranian situation
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.80,0:17:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we watched the forces of the Iranian state\Nbuy the telecommunications carriers
Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.60,0:17:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as we learnt when the Egyptians \Nbegin to lean on Vodafone last week.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.70,0:17:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We learn again why \Nclosed networks are so harmful to us.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:26.90,0:17:31.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why the ability to build a kill switch on the infrastructure
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.00,0:17:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by pressuring the for-profit communications carriers
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.30,0:17:41.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who must have a way of life \Nwith government in order to survive
Dialogue: 0,0:17:41.30,0:17:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can harm our people seeking freedom \Nusing technology we understand well.
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.80,0:17:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what can we do to help freedom \Nunder circumstances where the state
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.50,0:18:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has decided to try \Nto clamp the network infrastructure?
Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.80,0:18:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, we can go back to mesh networking.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:05.20,0:18:08.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got to go back to mesh networking.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:08.70,0:18:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got to understand how we can provide people
Dialogue: 0,0:18:12.90,0:18:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using the ordinary devices already available \Nto them or cheaply available to them
Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.40,0:18:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build networking\Nthat resists centralised control.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.90,0:18:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mesh networking in densely populated urban environments
Dialogue: 0,0:18:30.80,0:18:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is capable of sustaining the kind of social action
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.10,0:18:40.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we saw in Cairo and in Alexandria this week.
Dialogue: 0,0:18:40.90,0:18:47.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even without the centralised network services providers
Dialogue: 0,0:18:47.20,0:18:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if people have wireless routers that mesh up\Nin their apartments, in their work places
Dialogue: 0,0:18:54.80,0:19:01.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the places of public resort around them\Nthey can continue to communicate
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.70,0:19:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite attempts in central terms to shut them down.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:07.70,0:19:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to go back to ensuring people
Dialogue: 0,0:19:12.00,0:19:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,secure end-to-end communications\Nover those local meshes.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.00,0:19:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to provide survivable conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:19:22.30,0:19:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the kinds of communications\Nthat people now depend upon
Dialogue: 0,0:19:27.50,0:19:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outside the context of \Ncentralised networking environments
Dialogue: 0,0:19:32.20,0:19:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can be used to surveil, \Ncontrol, arrest or shut them down.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:39.90,0:19:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can we do this? Sure. Are we gonna do this?
Dialogue: 0,0:19:47.80,0:19:54.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we don't, the great social promise \Nof the free software movement
Dialogue: 0,0:19:54.30,0:20:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that free software can lead \Nto free society will begin to be broken.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:00.20,0:20:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Force will intervene somewhere soon\Nand a demonstration will be offered to humanity
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.20,0:20:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that even with all that networking technology
Dialogue: 0,0:20:12.10,0:20:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and all those young people seeking \Nto build new lives for themselves
Dialogue: 0,0:20:16.80,0:20:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the state still wins.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:19.90,0:20:23.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This must not happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.40,0:20:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you look at that map of the globe at night\Nthe one where all the lights on
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.90,0:20:38.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and imagine next time you look at it\Nthat you're looking instead at a network graph
Dialogue: 0,0:20:38.70,0:20:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,instead of an electrical infrastructure graph
Dialogue: 0,0:20:42.90,0:20:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you'll feel like a kind of pulsing \Ncoming out of the North American continent
Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.80,0:20:54.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where all the world's data mining is being done.
Dialogue: 0,0:20:56.30,0:20:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of it that way, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:20:59.90,0:21:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,North America is becoming the heart \Nof the global data mining industry
Dialogue: 0,0:21:06.60,0:21:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Its job is becoming knowing everything\Nabout everybody, everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:13.20,0:21:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When Dwight Eisenhower \Nwas leaving the presidency in 1960
Dialogue: 0,0:21:19.30,0:21:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he made a famous farewell speech to the American people
Dialogue: 0,0:21:23.80,0:21:30.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which he warned them against \Nthe power of the military industrial complex
Dialogue: 0,0:21:30.90,0:21:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a phrase that became so common place in discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.20,0:21:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people stopped thinking seriously about what it meant.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:40.70,0:21:47.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The general who had run the largest \Nmilitary activity of the 20th century
Dialogue: 0,0:21:48.00,0:21:50.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the invasion of Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.00,0:21:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The general who had become the president \Nof America at the height of the cold war
Dialogue: 0,0:21:58.40,0:22:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was warning Americans about \Nthe permanent changes to their society
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.60,0:22:07.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would result from the interaction
Dialogue: 0,0:22:07.10,0:22:13.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of industrial capitalism with American military might.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:13.20,0:22:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And since the time of that speech, as you all know,
Dialogue: 0,0:22:17.90,0:22:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States has spent on defence \Nmore than the rest of the world combined.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:28.10,0:22:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, in the 21st century, which we can define \Nas after the latter part of September 2001
Dialogue: 0,0:22:37.90,0:22:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States began to build a new thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.80,0:22:47.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A surveillance industrial military complex.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:47.90,0:22:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Washington Post produced the most important piece\Nof public journalism in the United States last year
Dialogue: 0,0:22:56.10,0:23:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a series available to you online called 'Top Secret America'
Dialogue: 0,0:23:00.90,0:23:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which the Washington Post not only wrote \Neight very useful, lengthy, analytic stories
Dialogue: 0,0:23:08.30,0:23:12.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the classified sector \Nof American industrial life
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.90,0:23:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,built around surveillance and data processing.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:16.20,0:23:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Post produced an enormous database \Nwhich is publicly available to everyone
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.20,0:23:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the newspaper \Nof all the classified contractors
Dialogue: 0,0:23:27.00,0:23:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,available to them in public record
Dialogue: 0,0:23:29.90,0:23:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what they do for the government, what they're paid
Dialogue: 0,0:23:32.90,0:23:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what can be known about them.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:35.50,0:23:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A database which can be used \Nto create all sorts of journalism
Dialogue: 0,0:23:39.70,0:23:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beyond what the Post published itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:42.80,0:23:48.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I would encourage everybody \Nto take a look at 'Top Secret America'.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:48.20,0:23:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What it will show you is how many goggles there are
Dialogue: 0,0:23:53.50,0:23:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,under the direct control of the United States government
Dialogue: 0,0:23:57.20,0:24:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as how many goggles there are \Nunder the control of Google.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:01.60,0:24:06.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words the vast outspreading web
Dialogue: 0,0:24:06.50,0:24:11.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which joins the traditional \Npost second world war US listening
Dialogue: 0,0:24:11.30,0:24:16.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to everything everywhere \Non earth outside the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:24:16.70,0:24:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the newly available listening \Nto things inside the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:24:22.00,0:24:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that used to be against the law \Nin my country as I knew its law
Dialogue: 0,0:24:27.90,0:24:32.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to all the data now available \Nin all the commercial collection systems
Dialogue: 0,0:24:32.90,0:24:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which includes everything \Nyou type into search boxes about
Dialogue: 0,0:24:36.80,0:24:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you believe, wish, hope, fear or doubt\Nas well as every travel reservation you make
Dialogue: 0,0:24:44.10,0:24:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and every piece of tracking data \Ncoming off your friendly smartphone.
Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.20,0:25:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When governments talk about \Nthe future of the net these days
Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.80,0:25:06.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have on decent authority from \Ngovernment officials in several countries.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.70,0:25:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When governments talk about \Nthe future of the net these days
Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.00,0:25:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they talk almost entirely in terms of cyberwar.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.60,0:25:19.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A field in which I've never had much interest \Nand which has a jargon all its own
Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.40,0:25:23.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but some current lessons \Nfrom inter-governmental discussions
Dialogue: 0,0:25:23.80,0:25:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about cyberwar are probably valuable to us here.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:31.10,0:25:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The three most powerful collections of states on earth
Dialogue: 0,0:25:35.60,0:25:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States of America, the European Union \Nand the People's Republic of China
Dialogue: 0,0:25:40.40,0:25:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,discuss cyberwar at a fairly high\Ninter-governmental level fairly regularly.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:47.10,0:25:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of the people around \Nthat table have disagreements of policy
Dialogue: 0,0:25:55.20,0:25:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there is a broad area of consensus.
Dialogue: 0,0:25:58.40,0:26:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the world of cyberwar \Nthey talk about exfiltration.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:02.60,0:26:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We would call that spying, they mean exfiltrating \Nour data off our networks into their pockets.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:11.60,0:26:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Exfiltration, I am told by government \Nofficials here and there and everywhere
Dialogue: 0,0:26:17.30,0:26:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exfiltration is broadly considered by all \Nthe governments to be a free fire zone.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.80,0:26:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everybody may listen to everything everywhere all the time
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.00,0:26:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't believe in any governmental limits
Dialogue: 0,0:26:28.60,0:26:31.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the reason is every government wants to listen
Dialogue: 0,0:26:31.50,0:26:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and no government believes listening can be prevented.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:35.50,0:26:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On that latter point, I think they're too pessimistic
Dialogue: 0,0:26:38.50,0:26:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but let's grant them that \Nthey've spent a lot of money trying
Dialogue: 0,0:26:41.60,0:26:43.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they think they know.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:43.10,0:26:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where the disagreements currently exist
Dialogue: 0,0:26:46.10,0:26:49.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am told by the government officials I talked to
Dialogue: 0,0:26:49.60,0:26:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,concerns not exfiltration, \Nbut what they call network disruption.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:54.40,0:26:57.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By which they mean destroying freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:26:58.20,0:27:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The basic attitude here \Nis of a two parties in balanced speech.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.20,0:27:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One side in that conversation \Nsays what we want is clear rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:12.00,0:27:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to know what we are allowed to attack,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:14.20,0:27:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we have to defend and what we do with \Nthe things that are neither friendly nor enemy.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.80,0:27:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The other side in that conversation \Nsays we recognise no distinctions.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.80,0:27:28.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anywhere on the net where there is a threat
Dialogue: 0,0:27:28.50,0:27:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to our national security\Nor our national interests,
Dialogue: 0,0:27:31.90,0:27:35.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we claim the right to disrupt or destroy that threat
Dialogue: 0,0:27:35.20,0:27:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regardless of its geographical location.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:39.00,0:27:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I need not to characterise \Nfor you which among the governments
Dialogue: 0,0:27:42.50,0:27:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the United States of America, the European Union
Dialogue: 0,0:27:45.20,0:27:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the People's Republic of China take those different positions.
Dialogue: 0,0:27:49.00,0:27:52.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I should say that my guess \Nis that within all those governments
Dialogue: 0,0:27:52.90,0:27:55.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are differences of opinion on those points
Dialogue: 0,0:27:55.30,0:27:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dominant factions and less dominant factions
Dialogue: 0,0:27:59.30,0:28:02.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but all parties are increasingly aware
Dialogue: 0,0:28:02.50,0:28:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that in North America is where the data mining is.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:06.60,0:28:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's either a benefit, a dubiousness or a problem
Dialogue: 0,0:28:11.50,0:28:16.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depending upon which state \Nor collection of states you represent.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:16.60,0:28:21.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,European data protection law has done this much.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:21.70,0:28:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It has put your personal data almost exclusively \Nin North America where it is uncontrolled.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:29.00,0:28:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To that extent, European legislation succeded.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:35.50,0:28:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The data mining industries \Nare concentrated outside the European Union
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.40,0:28:43.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,largely for reasons of legal policy.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:43.50,0:28:48.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They operate as any enterprise \Ntends to operate in the part of the world
Dialogue: 0,0:28:49.00,0:28:52.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where there is least control over their behaviour.
Dialogue: 0,0:28:53.20,0:28:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is no prospect that \Nthe North American governments
Dialogue: 0,0:28:57.60,0:29:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly the government of the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:29:00.60,0:29:06.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose national security policy now depends \Non listening and data mining everything
Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.40,0:29:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are going to change that for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:09.40,0:29:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No possibility. No time soon.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:17.90,0:29:21.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he was a candidate for president, at the beginning
Dialogue: 0,0:29:21.90,0:29:25.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the Democratic primaries, Barack Obama was in favour
Dialogue: 0,0:29:26.00,0:29:30.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of not immunising American telecommunications giants
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.00,0:29:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for participation in spying domestically \Ninside the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:29:35.90,0:29:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without direct public legal authorisation.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:38.70,0:29:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the time he was a candidate in the general election
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.20,0:29:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he was no longer in favour of preventing immunisation
Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.40,0:29:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Indeed he, as a Senator from Illinois
Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.80,0:29:56.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did not fillibuster the legislation \Nimmunising the telecomms giants and it went through.
Dialogue: 0,0:29:56.90,0:30:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you are aware the Obama administration's policies
Dialogue: 0,0:30:00.50,0:30:04.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with respect to data mining, \Nsurveillance and domestic security in the net
Dialogue: 0,0:30:04.90,0:30:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are hardly different from the predecessor administrations'
Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.80,0:30:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except where they are more \Naggressive about government control.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:16.70,0:30:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't depend upon the pro-freedom bias
Dialogue: 0,0:30:23.20,0:30:29.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the listening to everybody, everywhere \Nabout everything now going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:31.40,0:30:35.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Profit motive will not produce privacy
Dialogue: 0,0:30:35.90,0:30:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,let alone will it produce robust defence \Nfor freedom in the street.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:44.50,0:30:49.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we are going to build systems \Nof communication for future politics
Dialogue: 0,0:30:49.80,0:30:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're going to have to build them under the assumption
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.80,0:30:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the network is not only untrusted, but untrustworthy.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:59.50,0:31:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're going to have to build under \Nthe assumption that centralised services can kill you.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:08.20,0:31:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't fool around about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:12.50,0:31:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can't let Facebook dance up and down \Nabout their privacy policy. That's ludicrous.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:20.40,0:31:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to replace the things that create vulnerability
Dialogue: 0,0:31:25.20,0:31:29.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and lure our colleagues around the world into using them
Dialogue: 0,0:31:29.80,0:31:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make freedom only to discover
Dialogue: 0,0:31:32.70,0:31:37.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the promise is easily broken by a kill switch.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:40.00,0:31:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fortunately we actually do know how \Nto engineer ourselves out of this situation.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:47.00,0:31:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cheap, small, low power plug servers \Nare the form factor we need.
Dialogue: 0,0:31:55.90,0:31:58.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they exist everywhere now
Dialogue: 0,0:31:58.40,0:32:02.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they will get very cheap very quick very soon.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:03.80,0:32:07.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A small device the size of a cell phone charger
Dialogue: 0,0:32:07.80,0:32:13.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,running a low power chip with a wireless NIC or two
Dialogue: 0,0:32:13.20,0:32:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some other available ports
Dialogue: 0,0:32:17.10,0:32:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some very sweet free software of our own
Dialogue: 0,0:32:22.00,0:32:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a practical device for creating \Nsignificant personal privacy
Dialogue: 0,0:32:28.40,0:32:31.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and freedom based communications.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:31.40,0:32:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think what it needs to have in it.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:35.50,0:32:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mesh networking, we are not quite there, but we should be.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:41.90,0:32:47.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,OpenBTS, asterisk, yeah, \Nwe could make telephone systems
Dialogue: 0,0:32:47.40,0:32:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are self-constructing \Nout of parts that cost next to nothing.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:54.90,0:32:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Federated, rather than centralised, micro-blogging
Dialogue: 0,0:32:59.90,0:33:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,social networking, photo exchange,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:04.90,0:33:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anonymous publication platforms\Nbased around cloudy web servers.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:12.20,0:33:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can do all of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:15.00,0:33:21.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your data at home in your house \Nwhere they have to come and get it
Dialogue: 0,0:33:21.50,0:33:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,facing whatever the legal restrictions are,
Dialogue: 0,0:33:24.80,0:33:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if any, in your society about
Dialogue: 0,0:33:27.80,0:33:31.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what goes on inside the precincts of the home.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:31.50,0:33:36.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Encrypted email, just all the time
Dialogue: 0,0:33:36.30,0:33:40.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perimeter defence for all those wonky Windows computers
Dialogue: 0,0:33:40.90,0:33:46.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and other bad devices that roll over any time \Nthey're pushed at by a twelve year old
Dialogue: 0,0:33:49.80,0:33:54.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Proxy services for climbing over national firewalls.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:54.90,0:33:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Smart tunnelling to get around anti-neutrality activity
Dialogue: 0,0:33:59.40,0:34:03.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by upstream ISPs and other network providers.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:03.80,0:34:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of that can be easily done on top of stuff \Nwe already make and use all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:12.70,0:34:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have general purpose distributions of stacks\Nmore than robust enough for all of this
Dialogue: 0,0:34:19.90,0:34:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a little bit of application layer\Nwork to do on the top.
Dialogue: 0,0:34:26.90,0:34:34.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yesterday in the United States \Nwe formed the Freedom Box Foundation
Dialogue: 0,0:34:34.20,0:34:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I plan to use as the temporary \Nor long term as the case may be
Dialogue: 0,0:34:41.20,0:34:46.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organisational headquarters \Nfor work making free software
Dialogue: 0,0:34:46.40,0:34:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to run on small format server boxes
Dialogue: 0,0:34:50.50,0:34:55.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,free hardware wherever possible\Nunfree hardware where we must
Dialogue: 0,0:34:55.70,0:35:01.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in order to make available \Naround the world at low prices
Dialogue: 0,0:35:01.50,0:35:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appliances human beings \Nwill like interacting with
Dialogue: 0,0:35:06.00,0:35:12.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that produce privacy \Nand help to secure robust freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:22.80,0:35:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can make such objects cheaper \Nthan the chargers for smart phones.
Dialogue: 0,0:35:31.20,0:35:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can give people something \Nthat they can buy at very low cost
Dialogue: 0,0:35:38.20,0:35:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that will go in their houses \Nthat will run free software
Dialogue: 0,0:35:42.80,0:35:48.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to provide them services that make \Nlife better on the ordinary days
Dialogue: 0,0:35:48.90,0:35:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and really come into their own \Non those not so ordinary days
Dialogue: 0,0:35:53.70,0:35:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we are out in the street \Nmaking freedom thank you for calling.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:02.90,0:36:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A Belarussian theatre troupe\Nthat got arrested and heavily beaten on
Dialogue: 0,0:36:08.90,0:36:14.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,after the so called elections in Minsk this winter
Dialogue: 0,0:36:14.50,0:36:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exfiltrated itself to New York city in January
Dialogue: 0,0:36:20.30,0:36:25.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,did some performances of \NTom Stoppard and gave some interviews
Dialogue: 0,0:36:25.30,0:36:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm sorry of Harold Pinter and gave some interviews
Dialogue: 0,0:36:29.10,0:36:35.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One of the Belarussian actors \Nwho was part of that troupe
Dialogue: 0,0:36:35.70,0:36:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said in an interview to New York Times
Dialogue: 0,0:36:38.20,0:36:44.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Belarussian KGB is the most \Nhonest organisation on earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:45.00,0:36:52.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,After the Soviet Union fell apart\Nthey saw no need to change anything they did
Dialogue: 0,0:36:52.20,0:36:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they saw no need to change their name either.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:57.90,0:37:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I thought that was a really quite useful comment.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:04.40,0:37:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to keep in mind that they are \Nexactly the same people they always were
Dialogue: 0,0:37:09.10,0:37:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether they're in Cairo or Moscow \Nor Belarus or Los Angeles or Jakarta
Dialogue: 0,0:37:14.90,0:37:16.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or anywhere else on earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:16.40,0:37:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They're exactly the same people they always were.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:19.60,0:37:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So are we exactly the same people we always were too.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:23.60,0:37:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We set out a generation ago to make \Nfreedom and we're still doing it.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:28.70,0:37:31.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we have to pick up the pace now.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:31.90,0:37:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to get more urgent now.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:35.00,0:37:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have to aim our engineering \Nmore directly at politics now.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:41.90,0:37:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because we have friends in the street \Ntrying to create human freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:47.80,0:37:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we don't help them they'll get hurt.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:52.70,0:38:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We rise to challenges, this is one.\NWe've got to do it. Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:29.10,0:38:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much and I think \Nthere is enough time for a few questions
Dialogue: 0,0:38:35.10,0:38:38.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so please raise your hand if you want to
Dialogue: 0,0:39:02.20,0:39:07.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The question was what does complete \Ndecentralisation mean for identity
Dialogue: 0,0:39:07.30,0:39:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the state, you may believe who you are\Nbut the state gives you a passport
Dialogue: 0,0:39:13.40,0:39:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or some other legal document\Nthat allows you to identify yourself.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:16.90,0:39:22.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So in complete decentralisation \Nhow do you identify yourself on that network?
Dialogue: 0,0:39:22.90,0:39:27.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I doubt that complete decentralisation \Nis the outcome of anything
Dialogue: 0,0:39:27.20,0:39:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but let me tell you a story which \Nmay help to explain how I feel about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:32.10,0:39:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to go back now by 16 years \Nto a time when there was a program called PGP
Dialogue: 0,0:39:39.20,0:39:43.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there was a government in the United States \Nthat was trying to eradicate it.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:43.30,0:39:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know this will seem like ancient history \Nto many people, but it's my life so it doesn't to me.
Dialogue: 0,0:39:49.90,0:39:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were having a debate at Harvard \NLaw School in January of 1995
Dialogue: 0,0:39:55.80,0:40:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two on two about PGP and the criminal \Ninvestigation and the future of secrecy.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:02.60,0:40:06.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The debators on my side \Nwere me and Danny Whitesner
Dialogue: 0,0:40:07.00,0:40:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then at the Electronic Privacy Information Center
Dialogue: 0,0:40:10.00,0:40:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,later at the W3C and now \Nin the United States Department of Commerce.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:14.90,0:40:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And on the other side was the then\NDeputy Attorney General of the United States
Dialogue: 0,0:40:19.00,0:40:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a former General Counsel\Nof the National Security Agency.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:23.60,0:40:28.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We debated PGP and then encryption \Nand the clipper chip and various other,
Dialogue: 0,0:40:28.30,0:40:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now long dead, subjects for a couple of hours
Dialogue: 0,0:40:30.90,0:40:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we were all on an offered \Nlittle dinner at the Harvard faculty club.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:34.60,0:40:37.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the way across the Harvard campus
Dialogue: 0,0:40:37.30,0:40:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Deputy Attorney General\Nof the United States said to me
Dialogue: 0,0:40:40.00,0:40:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eben, on the basis of your \Npublic statements this afternoon
Dialogue: 0,0:40:43.20,0:40:47.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have enough to order the interception \Nof your telephone conversations.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:48.80,0:40:51.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She thought that was a joke.
Dialogue: 0,0:40:52.90,0:40:57.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And back in 1995 you could sort of \Nget away with thinking it was a joke
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.30,0:41:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as the Deputy Attorney General of the United States \Nbecause it was so clearly against the law.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:02.00,0:41:06.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I smiled and we went off, we had our dinner
Dialogue: 0,0:41:06.30,0:41:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and after the plates were cleared and the walnuts\Nand the port had been strewn about
Dialogue: 0,0:41:11.20,0:41:15.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this former General Counsel \Nto the National Security Agency
Dialogue: 0,0:41:15.40,0:41:18.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm concealing names to protect \Nthe not so innocent here
Dialogue: 0,0:41:19.00,0:41:22.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this former NSA lawyer,\Nhe looked around the table calmly
Dialogue: 0,0:41:22.90,0:41:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with that sort of plummy \Nthrough the port kind of look
Dialogue: 0,0:41:25.90,0:41:31.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he said ok we'll let our head down\Nwe agree we're not gonna prosecute your client
Dialogue: 0,0:41:31.20,0:41:34.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,PGP will happen. We've fought \Na long delaying action
Dialogue: 0,0:41:35.00,0:41:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against public key encryption\Nbut it's coming to an end now.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:39.60,0:41:45.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then he looked around the table and he said\Nbut nobody here cares about anonymity, do they?
Dialogue: 0,0:41:45.60,0:41:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And a cold chill went up my spine
Dialogue: 0,0:41:48.30,0:41:51.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because I knew what \Nthe next 15 years were gonna be about.
Dialogue: 0,0:41:51.70,0:41:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I would like to turn around \Nthe thing you said to say
Dialogue: 0,0:41:55.80,0:42:00.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we're really talking about is whether \Nthere's gonna be any preservation of anonymity at all.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:01.00,0:42:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where power on the other side \Nmade its peace in the mid 1990s
Dialogue: 0,0:42:05.80,0:42:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was with the idea that \Nthere would be strong encryption
Dialogue: 0,0:42:08.70,0:42:11.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and e-commerce but there would be no anomymity.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:11.40,0:42:15.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And in the course of the last decade \Nthey picked up a strong alliance
Dialogue: 0,0:42:15.10,0:42:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the global entertainment industries
Dialogue: 0,0:42:17.50,0:42:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the things that now call \Nthemselves content companies
Dialogue: 0,0:42:20.40,0:42:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are also adverse to anonymity, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:22.50,0:42:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause they wanna know what you read \Nand listen to and watch every single time
Dialogue: 0,0:42:25.60,0:42:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that you can increase \Ntheir shareholders' wealth for them.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:29.50,0:42:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The real problem of identity \Nisn't the problem of
Dialogue: 0,0:42:32.90,0:42:36.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are we gonna be decentralised\Npast the point when we have identity
Dialogue: 0,0:42:36.80,0:42:39.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are not going to do that. \NWe are not going to be able to do that.
Dialogue: 0,0:42:40.00,0:42:43.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The real problem of identity is \Nare we gonna have any of our own?
Dialogue: 0,0:42:44.00,0:42:48.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or are we gonna be the data cloud \Nthat everybody else is keeping about us
Dialogue: 0,0:42:48.90,0:42:54.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which contains where we are, what we do, what we think\Nwhat we read, what we eat and everything else too
Dialogue: 0,0:42:55.00,0:42:57.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as long as you send a subpoena
Dialogue: 0,0:42:57.60,0:43:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to Mr. Zuckerberg who has the one big database \Nin which you live your entire life.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:02.10,0:43:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understand the idea that \Nwe might be thought of or satirically
Dialogue: 0,0:43:07.90,0:43:11.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even pointedly claim to be
Dialogue: 0,0:43:11.10,0:43:16.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying too radically decentralise \Nto the point in which identity gets lost.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:16.30,0:43:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if you find yourself \Nin an argument where people telling you
Dialogue: 0,0:43:19.90,0:43:23.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are trying to anarchise so far that \Nthere won't be any name in the passport anymore
Dialogue: 0,0:43:24.00,0:43:28.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can reassure them that meat-space \Nwill stay pretty much the way it is right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:28.40,0:43:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just want fewer people\Nripping fingernails off in meat-space.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:33.40,0:43:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which is why we are busy building \NFreedom Boxes and helping people use them.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:38.90,0:43:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much, the passport will \Nremain pretty much the way it is right now
Dialogue: 0,0:43:43.90,0:43:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the RFID chip in it and the fingerprints \Nand the retinal scan and everything.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:49.50,0:43:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not worried that we are \Ngoing to go too far friends.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:52.50,0:43:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's the other folks who went \Nway too far and our job's to get back home.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:06.00,0:44:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hello Eben, I'm here.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:13.00,0:44:15.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jérémie from La Quadrature du Net
Dialogue: 0,0:44:15.40,0:44:19.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,First of all I want to thank you \Nand I will never thank you enough
Dialogue: 0,0:44:19.60,0:44:23.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for how inspiring you are for everyone of us
Dialogue: 0,0:44:29.10,0:44:34.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By thanking you for inspiring us \Nunder an engineering perspective
Dialogue: 0,0:44:34.80,0:44:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as I am both an engineering geek \Nand a political activist by what I do.
Dialogue: 0,0:44:40.20,0:44:46.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanted to stress that the ACTA,\Nthe Anti-Counterfeiting Trade Agreement
Dialogue: 0,0:44:46.60,0:44:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that deeply concern strengthening \Nof DRMs and the legal protection
Dialogue: 0,0:44:52.70,0:44:56.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and also turns every internet service provider
Dialogue: 0,0:44:56.70,0:45:00.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every internet intermediate\Ninto private copyright police
Dialogue: 0,0:45:00.90,0:45:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with deep consequence on our freedom of speech,\Nour privacy, on right to a fair trial and so on.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:07.00,0:45:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ACTA will be coming to the \NEuropean Parliament around next summer
Dialogue: 0,0:45:11.90,0:45:18.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe before maybe after and it will be \Nour ultimate chance to defeat the thing.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:18.20,0:45:21.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We won in the European Parliament before.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:21.70,0:45:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a battle we can win \Nand everybody here can participate into it
Dialogue: 0,0:45:27.70,0:45:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I wanted to ask you Eben
Dialogue: 0,0:45:29.50,0:45:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Are those legislative fights worth fighting? \NDo we still have a chance?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:35.50,0:45:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially on the front of the net neutrality,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:38.50,0:45:42.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What are your insights? What do you think? \NCan we still win today?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:42.90,0:45:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,No European citizen should need any \Nintroduction to Jérémie Zimmermann, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:45:49.50,0:45:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the future of the \NEuropean Union speaking to you.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:54.00,0:45:59.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your question: Should we bother \Nfighting in legislature
Dialogue: 0,0:45:59.40,0:46:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seems to me fair, oh yeah we should. \NIt's unpleasant work.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:03.40,0:46:08.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I worry about you. \NI don't want your heart to burst.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:08.80,0:46:14.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't want people killing \Nthemselves over the strain of it.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:14.30,0:46:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's ugly, boring, tedious work
Dialogue: 0,0:46:18.40,0:46:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the other side pays people to sit you out\Nto wait until you go home, to decide you give up.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:27.00,0:46:32.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of Egypt as a place where that \Nwas done for thirty years along with torture.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:32.70,0:46:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything stops moving.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:35.50,0:46:39.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If you read Claude Manceron\Non the French revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:46:39.20,0:46:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or the coming of the French revolution
Dialogue: 0,0:46:41.60,0:46:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as he moves his thousands \Nof men and women of freedom
Dialogue: 0,0:46:45.10,0:46:49.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards the climactic events of the late 1780s
Dialogue: 0,0:46:49.10,0:46:53.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you see how deeply the feeling in France \Nat the end of the Ancien Régime
Dialogue: 0,0:46:53.90,0:46:58.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was of status beginning \Nto break up into movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:58.60,0:47:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The work you're talking about \Nis work that is largely defensive
Dialogue: 0,0:47:03.40,0:47:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to prevent harm from being done.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:06.70,0:47:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as you say you are lucky when you win \Nafter an enormous effort that nothing happens.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:12.50,0:47:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the good news is in legislative politics\Nthat there is a thousand ways to stop a thing
Dialogue: 0,0:47:18.00,0:47:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and only one way for it to get done.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:20.50,0:47:25.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And therefore the side that wants \Nto stop things has an inherent advantage.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:25.90,0:47:32.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the time that's deeply\Nfunded capital but sometimes it's us.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:32.40,0:47:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About ACTA, I think there is no question.\NIt's a fight worth fighting everywhere all the time.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:38.90,0:47:46.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because as you say it's really the concordat,\Nthe treaty between the state and private power
Dialogue: 0,0:47:46.30,0:47:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the control of the net \Nunder 21st century conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:47:50.40,0:47:55.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the mingled interests of \Nthe listeners and the owners.
Dialogue: 0,0:47:55.40,0:48:03.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we do beat it, water it down, force \Nwithdrawal of particularly offensive premises
Dialogue: 0,0:48:03.60,0:48:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or significantly expose it\Nto disinfecting daylight
Dialogue: 0,0:48:08.40,0:48:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will help ourselves.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:10.50,0:48:13.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are not going to achieve everything by any means.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:14.00,0:48:21.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to turn the international trade conversation\Nin the direction of direct support for freedom.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:22.00,0:48:26.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My line with the trade negotiators \Naround the world has become:
Dialogue: 0,0:48:26.80,0:48:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Governments have a right to share
Dialogue: 0,0:48:29.10,0:48:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the sharing economy has as much right to support\Nin the international trade system as the owning economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:38.80,0:48:42.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My colleague Mishi Choudhary\Nwho directs SFLC India
Dialogue: 0,0:48:42.40,0:48:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was in Beijing making a speech \Non that point earlier this year.
Dialogue: 0,0:48:47.00,0:48:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will be re-iterating that point \Nin various places around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:48:51.80,0:48:55.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where strong states with which \Nwe have other difficulties
Dialogue: 0,0:48:56.00,0:49:00.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meet with us in recognising \Nthat the world trade system
Dialogue: 0,0:49:00.50,0:49:06.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now overwhelmingly tilted \Nin favour of ownership based production
Dialogue: 0,0:49:06.20,0:49:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is only one part \Nof the world's economic production.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:10.40,0:49:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to press hard against ACTA \Nand other pro-ownership trade law
Dialogue: 0,0:49:16.80,0:49:22.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we also need to begin to roll out \Nan affirmative strategy of our own
Dialogue: 0,0:49:22.30,0:49:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,demanding protection for sharing based \Neconomic activities in the global trade system.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:28.80,0:49:32.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That effort will take 20 years \Nto begin to show fruit
Dialogue: 0,0:49:33.00,0:49:36.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we need to begin that too now.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:36.60,0:49:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On network neutrality I will say this
Dialogue: 0,0:49:39.90,0:49:49.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are going to have to establish counterforce\Nto the various oligopolists of telecommunications.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:50.00,0:49:56.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The regulators believe a lot of things \Nthey have been told by industry.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:56.40,0:50:04.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was at ARCEP myself in September \Nto discuss wireless network neutrality in Paris
Dialogue: 0,0:50:04.20,0:50:09.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with regulators who are well educated,\Nshrewd, thoughtful and capable
Dialogue: 0,0:50:09.80,0:50:13.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but who believe something which isn't true.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:13.40,0:50:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Namely that it costs enormous monetary \Ninvestments to build wireless networks.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:21.00,0:50:28.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I said to the ARCEP regulators\NDo you know about OpenBTS?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:28.10,0:50:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know that I can take \Na coat hanger and a laptop
Dialogue: 0,0:50:31.80,0:50:37.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make a GSM cell phone base station \Nout of it using some free software?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:37.70,0:50:40.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do you know about Asterisk?
Dialogue: 0,0:50:40.50,0:50:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I suggested that maybe they would like \Nto give us a small French city, say, Grenoble.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:47.30,0:50:53.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where using the extraodinary \Nhigh quality wired harness
Dialogue: 0,0:50:53.50,0:50:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they built around the hexagon that is France
Dialogue: 0,0:50:56.60,0:51:00.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will create cell phone companies out of nowhere
Dialogue: 0,0:51:00.60,0:51:06.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using cheap commodity hardware and existing handsets\Nand provide service to everybody.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:06.60,0:51:11.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I say it will be possible\Nto have a realistic fact-based discussion
Dialogue: 0,0:51:11.80,0:51:17.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about whether the enormous investment \Nnecessities of wireless network build out
Dialogue: 0,0:51:17.30,0:51:22.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,require non-neutrality in network routing practices.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:22.70,0:51:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, the regulator of course nods and smiles\Nand thanks me very much for all that information
Dialogue: 0,0:51:27.30,0:51:29.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and forgets it the minute I leave.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:29.40,0:51:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because he still believes what Orange,\Nthat used to be France Télécom, tells him
Dialogue: 0,0:51:35.50,0:51:41.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how you can't make wireless networks\Nwithout immense monetary investments.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:41.70,0:51:45.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We will begin to gain on network neutrality
Dialogue: 0,0:51:45.10,0:51:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we have a box in everybody's apartment\Nthat can offer free telephone service over tunnelling
Dialogue: 0,0:51:50.90,0:51:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around non-neutrality and talk to GSM handsets.\NOh, that would be the Freedom Box.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:58.50,0:52:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See, that's what I wanna do.\NI wanna build a ring of engineering
Dialogue: 0,0:52:02.90,0:52:06.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the idea of \Nnon-neutral network management.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:07.00,0:52:10.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wanna have a box in your house\Nthat senses the upstream and says
Dialogue: 0,0:52:11.00,0:52:14.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,oh my God he's stopping port 655
Dialogue: 0,0:52:14.20,0:52:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think I'll route that \Nfrom my friend's apartment.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:17.70,0:52:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then I think we will get some interesting \Nnetwork neutrality conversation going.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:29.30,0:52:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When you call for decentralisation
Dialogue: 0,0:52:34.10,0:52:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aren't you really going against\Nthe trend of history as we've seen it?
Dialogue: 0,0:52:38.30,0:52:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example we used to have \NUsenet which was decentralised
Dialogue: 0,0:52:42.50,0:52:46.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's moved much more to web based forums.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:46.60,0:52:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Or likewise we in geekdom may love IRC.\NWe may go to Freenode
Dialogue: 0,0:52:53.70,0:52:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but the general public all know about \NTwitter which is moving into that space.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:59.20,0:53:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think there are many reasons \Nwhy this could be happening
Dialogue: 0,0:53:03.40,0:53:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I think the primary reason is perhaps mindshare.\NThe journalists who report this to the general public
Dialogue: 0,0:53:09.40,0:53:12.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,outside geekdom know about websites, \Nthey know about Twitter.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:12.70,0:53:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They never knew about Usenet \Nso only geeks know about that
Dialogue: 0,0:53:19.70,0:53:26.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we take this point perhaps the mindshare\Nyou need to be going for is the journalists
Dialogue: 0,0:53:26.20,0:53:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who report on the net, get them \Nto report on decentralised networks
Dialogue: 0,0:53:34.20,0:53:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get the public to start using them.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:39.10,0:53:42.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, it's a crucial part \Nof the activity, that's right.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:42.30,0:53:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to talk to people.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:44.40,0:53:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of those people are gonna be journalists \Nand some of them are gonna be our friends
Dialogue: 0,0:53:47.70,0:53:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and some of them are gonna be other engineers \Nand some of them are gonna be people who
Dialogue: 0,0:53:51.50,0:53:54.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when their wireless router breaks \Nthey can go out buying a Freedom Box
Dialogue: 0,0:53:54.60,0:53:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause it's cheaper and neater \Nand cooler and does more good stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:53:58.10,0:54:01.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some of them are gonna be \Npeople who buy because they need it.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:01.10,0:54:03.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We just have to make the software.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:03.90,0:54:06.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The hardware guys will make \Nthe hardware and everything will happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:06.90,0:54:10.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I don't know how long.\NI don't know with what degree of certainty.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:10.50,0:54:13.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I don't know if it's \Nabout going against the flow of history.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:13.50,0:54:17.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think it's about pushing the pendulum back.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:19.90,0:54:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The general public have to know that this\Noption exists and will serve their needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:26.10,0:54:30.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yes, Apple will always advertise more than we will.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:31.90,0:54:38.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the general public knows about Firefox\Nso they can know about the Freedom Box too.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:44.90,0:54:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think we have to stop \Nin order to allow the conference to go on.
Dialogue: 0,0:54:48.50,0:54:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much for your time.