[Script Info]
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[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.99,0:00:20.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Carbon dioxide, or CO2, is the main greenhouse gas in climate change.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.29,0:00:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how does CO2 get into our atmosphere?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.66,0:00:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, carbon is part of a cycle. It starts with the sun,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.26,0:00:31.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which heats the Earth's surface with more energy
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.79,0:00:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in one hour than the whole world uses in a year.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.42,0:00:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plants, which are kind of like biological chefs,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.77,0:00:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take that sunlight, and then suck in some CO2 from the air,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.84,0:00:42.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mix them together, and BAM!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.60,0:00:46.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They create a stored form of energy, in the form of carbohydrates
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.19,0:00:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as glucose and sucrose.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.12,0:00:52.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The process is called photosynthesis.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.07,0:00:54.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When animals like us eat those plants
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.24,0:00:58.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our stomachs convert that food back into energy for our own growth.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.39,0:01:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Greenhouse gases are a byproduct of this process,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.77,0:01:03.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and are released through waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.14,0:01:08.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If those plants die, they decompose, and tiny microorganisms break down those carbohydrates
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.20,0:01:12.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and again, release greenhouse gases as a byproduct.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.66,0:01:18.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As you see, energy originates from the sun. It is then transferred as it moves through the food chain.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.06,0:01:24.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But sometimes, carbon based organisms like plants or animals get stuck in the earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.29,0:01:28.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When this happens, they're compressed under tons of pressure,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.14,0:01:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and turned into carbon-based fossil fuels
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.24,0:01:33.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like oil, coal or natural gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:33.60,0:01:37.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since the Industrial Revolution, humans have been pulling those fossil fuels out of the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.96,0:01:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and burning them, activating the stored energy
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.57,0:01:44.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make electricity and power engines.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.30,0:01:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the thing is it also releases millions of years worth of stored CO2 back into the air.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.67,0:01:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition, humans breathe in oxygen and breathe out CO2.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.02,0:02:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But plants do the opposite.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.19,0:02:04.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Trees suck up huge amounts of CO2, which balances the cycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.62,0:02:09.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thus, deforestation reduces the plants that store CO2.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.30,0:02:11.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're attacking the cycle from both sides.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.94,0:02:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think of it like a computer. A computer can operate a few programs at a time, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.26,0:02:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Normally, when you've finished with a document, you save, and you close it,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.42,0:02:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so as not to overwork the computer.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.92,0:02:26.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, imagine you stopped closing your documents.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.07,0:02:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they were all open at once.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.50,0:02:30.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your computer wouldn't be able to process it all.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.36,0:02:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It would start to slow down, and then to freeze, and eventually it would crash.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.97,0:02:38.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Which might be where our environment is heading if we keep overloading the carbon cycle.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.47,0:02:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So is there any way to rebalance the ecosystem?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.69,0:02:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What about technology? Technology is defined as a technique to solve a problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.77,0:02:52.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, sustainable technologies are those whose output is equal to their input.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.00,0:02:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They do not create negative externalities,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.86,0:02:57.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as CO2, in the present or the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.79,0:03:01.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They sort of cancel themselves out to solve the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.29,0:03:04.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To achieve this, we need to invent sustainable technologies.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.79,0:03:09.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we put all the ideas and technologies ever created into one circle,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.00,0:03:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then invention is the pushing of the boundaries of that circle.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.44,0:03:15.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the area outside of the circle is infinite,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.67,0:03:18.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,meaning the potential for invention is limitless.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.99,0:03:22.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Think about some of the incredible clean technologies we have today. [Wind; Electric & Solar Cars; Biogas]
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.56,0:03:25.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Biofuels; Photosynthetic Algae; Compost] All those ideas have one thing in common.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.47,0:03:29.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They all came from people. People innovate.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.29,0:03:34.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People create. It's the limitless potential of creative people
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.92,0:03:39.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build unimagined technologies that is going to stop climate change
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.37,0:03:45.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rebalance the ecosystem. And that is something to be hopeful about.