9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
I already were at another conference

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and know you can listen to a moderation

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
how it would be done professionally

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
<i>laughter</i>

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You have to image myself in a suit or sth like that

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
For sure, everyone knows,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
that it is the goal of "big politics"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
to create majorities.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
For creating majorities, it is important to

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
stay so vague in saying stuff,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
such that as many as possible agree with the said.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The "saying nothing professional" was

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
brought to an artform by "big politics"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
during the centuries.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So it is understandable, that the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"nothing sayers" in the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
parliaments of the world have to get rid

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
of the frustration about

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the meaninglessness of their own doing.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
There are multiple ways for doing this;

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
today we want to look at the most spectacular way.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And so I'm glad to present the talk from

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Joachim Schautenbach and Pia Fortunata

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"A small history of parliament fights"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
So many words, but it is so easy

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Everyone of us is annoyed

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
for at least 3 years.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We have to blow steam!

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Today we have a look at

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
parlamentarians giving themselves a

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
proper licking.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
<i>applause</i>

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Welcome to "a small history of parliament fights"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You all know the problem

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
parliaments are most of time

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
quiet boring

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and action is not a regular thing

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in the Bundestag.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Because of this we had a look at some

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
other parliaments a few years ago

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and were surprised about the possible.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Such a parliament fight is not

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
extraordinary democratic, but

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
can produce pictures of artistic value.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Sometimes in golden ratio

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and sometimes not

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
And from that interest, the worldwide only

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
expert blog about parliament fights arose.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Which we keep for six years now.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
This is our blog,

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the domain is written in the program

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
we can repeat that at the end

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
We collected about 90 parliament fights

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
on that blog in the last six years

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The last one is a week ago

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in Kenia

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and we try on a short summary.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
First of all about the theory:

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The history of parliament fights.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The encyclopedic collective term is

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Legislative violence

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
What's funny about that

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
You can read that on wikipedia

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The history of legislative violence

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
dates back until the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
murder of Julius Ceasar

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
44 BC in the senate of Rome

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The big question is

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
why is there violence in parliaments

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
one of the few scientists

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
who got deeply engaged with the topic

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
is Christopher Gandrud

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
who wrote a PhD theory about the topic

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and a few other publications

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
ho considers the following factors

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
important for the rising

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
of a parliament fight.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
If political parties are underrepresented

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
happening e.g. through

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
first-past-the-post systems

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
or high percentage hurdles

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
therefore the voting system does'nt

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
map the real voting results well

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Another important factor is

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the democracy is quite young

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The younger the democracy

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the higher the propability

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
of violence in the parliament

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Gandroud put the in a nice picture

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the contrast

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
more contrast

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
okay anyway

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
much depends on how old is a democracy

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Another factor is the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
ethnical, political and religious

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
division of the society

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The more division the more fights

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and furthermore he fund out

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
the parliament fights happen more often

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in the forefront of actual wars

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and civil wars

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
One phase of great legislative violence

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
was the prewar time of the

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
american civil war

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
where parliamentists were stabbed

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and challenged each other to duel

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
or one beat another to near death

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
with a stick

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
happened 1864 in the eve of civil war

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in the US congress

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
as the democrat brucks

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
bate the repuclian sander to near death

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
after the...

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
bullshit

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
after Sander hold a speech against slavery

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in the congress, after that he got a

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
decent beating.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
from germany we found

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
just a single example

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
1950 the formerly NSDAP member

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wolfgang Regler which also was

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
a representative in post war germany

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
was noticed for being a antisemite

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and right wing extremist

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
was suspended from the Bundestag for a

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
short time

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
got back despite his suspension

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
and then got thrown out

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
of the building

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
by social democrats

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
<i>applause</i>

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
during his forced exit, he fell through

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
a glass door and down the stairs

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
<i>laughter</i>

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
After the second world war

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
itlay was leading for a while

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
There are even books about the conflicts

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in italian parlaments. One is called

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"tumulti in aula"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Until today, there occasionally happen

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
parliament fights in italy.

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Let's got to the episode

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
"Where do the fights happen?"

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
This is our tag cloud

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
on our blog showing the countries

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
where we found parliament fights

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Of course this is'nt representative

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
like the PhD thesis of Gandrud

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
He did a map showing all the fights from

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
1981 to 2012

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
This is still not enough contrast

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
at least on the monitor

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
In this period, there were 131 fights

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
in parliaments

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Leading are the ucraine, turkey and cosovo

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
which still might be on the opt

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Italy is still bit influenced by its past

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Since the fall of USSR

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
russia got quieter

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
The question

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Wo fights

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Parliamentary violence

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
is done mostly by men

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
<i>laughter</i>

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
Women are more active

9:59:59.000,9:59:59.000
than in playing football