WEBVTT

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Good Morning, everyone!

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My name is Masato Tahara 
I am a Flip Education researcher

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Mr. Bergmann will speak on 
"what Flip Education is" in detail shortly

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For my part, I would like to talk about the 
reason why flipping is called for today

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I believe the purpose of education is

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to develop children's ability to live in the society

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I observe that the societal paradigm is
"flipping" from old to new right now

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With that shift, the educational paradigm 
must also be flipped

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Since Industrial Revolution

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the world has been considered as a huge machine

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This paradigm, which has been with us
for over 400 years,

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is called Mechanistic Paradigm

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According to this paradigm

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everything develops from past to future
according to certain principles

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Applying those principles, we predict future,

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make plans, and implement them

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This mode of operating has been valued 
in Mechanistic Paradigm

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I am a physics teacher

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so this way of thinking is very familiar to me

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However, since the internet was 
introduced 22 years ago,

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the Mechanistic Paradigm started 
not function too well

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Why is that?

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There is a reason

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As a physicist, my expertise was in 
complexity physics

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From that perspective
the reason is very clear

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In general, systems acquire new properties
as they become more complex

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For example, our bodies are made of many cells

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But, it is not simple 
collection of cells

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As cells come together, 
new properties are acquired

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and life emerges

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For example, fish is no longer living
when it is cut into parts

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Similarly, dissecting complex system

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and studying parts separately

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the sum would not lead to 
the understanding of the whole

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As the internet connects the world 
like the nerve system

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the world is no longer like a huge machine

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it is becoming more like 
a huge living organism

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with that, parts and the whole are 
closely interconnected

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It is no longer possible to understand
the whole world

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by looking at small parts

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In the past, our process to 
predict future was as follows:

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1) Build a model
focus on what's relevant, ignoring the rest

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2) Refine the model
based on the data from the past

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3) Predict the future
by applying the model

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When the world was not 
closely interconnected

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this method worked well

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But when we build a model
by extracting small parts of complex nexwork

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the ignored elements enlarges

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the gap between the model and reality too much

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The gap becomes too big to ignore when
we try to predict in a longer term

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With internet, the world is becoming
more and more complex

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Mechanistic Paradigm will become
more and more obsolete

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What should we do then?

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I believe the nature's ability to organize itself

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power of self-organization 
will be very important

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No one plans a forest

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but forest develops complex eco-system
all by itself


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it is due to the self-organization ability
of the nature

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As living organisms, we too have 
self-organizing ability

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In the future, it will be important to 
utilize our self-organizing ability

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in order to harmonize our societies

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The difference between
mechanistic order and

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the organic order through
self-organization is like this

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The Mechanistic order functions
when individual freedom is restricted

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Everyone acts as subscribed

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Then the order is maintained

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When individuals act freely
the order breaks down

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In contrast, in organic order

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individuals' life force brings order

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In that, we need to liberate individual freedom

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In the mechanistic order,

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information is concentrated in the hands of 
the manager on the top of the hierarchy

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the managers make plans
and the subordinates implement the plans

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The information flows one way
from top to bottom

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In the organic order

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the information is scattered 
among the members

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Each member holds various 
diverse information

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By bringing diverse information
and learning collectively

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the group determines the direction 
to move forward

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The information is created
bottom-up

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What it means is

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the direction of information flow

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in the mechanical order and 
in the organic order is reversed

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In the mechanical order

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the goal is set in future

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and determine what to do now 
by calculating backwards

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The time flows backward from the goal to present

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In the organic paradigm

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future is created by sharing what we are
feeling in the present moment

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The time flows from present to the future

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The flow of time too is "flipped"

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in mechanistic paradigm and organic paradigm

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In the education to live in 
the mechanistic order

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the ability to act according 
to the plan by the manager

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without questioning

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without making mistakes

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and quickly

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was greatly valued

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As the futurist Alvin Toffler pointed out

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obedience, punctuality, and 
patience to perform repetitious tasks

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was taught as hidden curriculum

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In order to guarantee organizational continuity
despite member changes

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the standardization of thoughts 
was stressed

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This kind of education was meaningful

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while mechanistic society was functioning

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However, in the present time
when societal paradigm is shifting

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from mechanistic to organic

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we have to re-examin current education

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Or else children's ability to live 
in the future society could be compromised

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What is the educational model that fosters
ability to live in an organic society?

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I propose the hidden curriculum of 
the past be replaced as follows

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be authentic self

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learn from differences

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keep reframing through self-reflections

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What it means is

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to exam the frame of reference
that one holds

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and keep renewing it

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such process would be very important

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In a safe and secure environment

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express oneself

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learn from each other

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in order to create collective wisdom

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This type of learning will probably foster
the learning for the future

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In Japan, active learning and flip education
is attracting more attentions

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In December 2012

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I started a study group on flip education

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with only about 10 friends

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All my previous education was
of mechanistic model

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I had no idea how it is like to learn as a group

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I had no idea how to create future 
from collective wisdom

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So I wanted to experience 
collective learning myself first

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As I proposed to create a forest like
environment online

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where diverse people would gather

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in 5 years, the forest has grown 
to have 4500 participants

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It was never anticipated when I started

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Through my 5 years of experience 
I am convinced

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that when I want to start something


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it goes better when 
I share my ideas with others

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than when I make plans by myself

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As I dialogue my hopes and 
desires with others

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more and more people come together

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and things are realized in a way
not even imagined at the beginning

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I have experienced that repeatedly 
in last 5 years

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It might seem senseless in 
a mechanistic society

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But in an organic society

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it will soon become a common sense

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Our children will probably live in a society

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that is a further development of 
my experience in last 5 years

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The Flip Education means much more than


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flipping the order and role of 
classroom learning and homework

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The paradigm would shift from

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the teacher-centered 
"teaching" paradigm to

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learner-centered "learning" paradigm

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From top-down learning from past success
and of the predetermined knowledge

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to the learning where learners dialogue

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share knowledge

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exchange emotions and share individual
hopes and desires

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build collective wisdom from the bottom up

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for the creation of future

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that kind of "flip"

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Furthermore, the life will change from

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setting a goal in the future and
and calculating backwards

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to the life that co-creats future

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by sharing what is felt by me 
and others around me

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Thus, flipping the flow of time

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It is also a shift from maintaining the order
by restricting individual freedom

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to fostering self-organization by
liberating freedom

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It is also a shift from the mechanistic 
paradigm to the organic paradigm

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We are at a great turning point of 
the human history

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where 2 paradigms co-exist

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We are living in contradictions 
of the paradigms

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From the mechanistic perspective
this contradiction appears as a crisis

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the order is breaking down

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But from the organic perspective

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it is the source of creation

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This present historical turning point

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can be seen as the end of an old era

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or as the beginning of a new era

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5 years ago, as a teacher of physics
at a college prep school

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I published video footage of my classes online

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I anticipated what was working before 
would no longer work before long

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my job would be elimiated

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I was experiencing great anxiety

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But now, I am excited that I stand 
at the beginning of new era

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I am involved in flip education

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with a hope to create future with colleagues
from around the world

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Through which perspective 
do we see the world?

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We have a choice

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I invite you to "flip" with us

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Thank you very much!