0:00:02.670,0:00:04.340
Good Morning, everyone!

0:00:04.478,0:00:07.288
My name is Masato Tahara [br]I am a Flip Education researcher

0:00:08.158,0:00:16.164
Mr. Bergmann will speak on [br]"what Flip Education is" in detail shortly

0:00:16.714,0:00:23.483
For my part, I would like to talk about the [br]reason why flipping is called for today

0:00:25.713,0:00:27.541
I believe the purpose of education is

0:00:27.811,0:00:32.186
to develop children's ability to live in the society

0:00:33.856,0:00:43.235
I observe that the societal paradigm is[br]"flipping" from old to new right now

0:00:44.082,0:00:49.829
With that shift, the educational paradigm [br]must also be flipped

0:00:52.539,0:00:54.792
Since Industrial Revolution

0:00:54.942,0:00:59.991
the world has been considered as a huge machine

0:01:01.501,0:01:04.377
This paradigm, which has been with us[br]for over 400 years,

0:01:04.377,0:01:06.889
is called Mechanistic Paradigm

0:01:08.279,0:01:09.583
According to this paradigm

0:01:09.723,0:01:17.604
everything develops from past to future[br]according to certain principles

0:01:18.534,0:01:23.444
Applying those principles, we predict future,

0:01:23.444,0:01:27.565
make plans, and implement them

0:01:27.565,0:01:32.182
This mode of operating has been valued [br]in Mechanistic Paradigm

0:01:33.222,0:01:35.465
I am a physics teacher

0:01:35.465,0:01:39.377
so this way of thinking is very familiar to me

0:01:40.507,0:01:45.372
However, since the internet was [br]introduced 22 years ago,

0:01:45.562,0:01:49.957
the Mechanistic Paradigm started [br]not function too well

0:01:50.617,0:01:52.434
Why is that?

0:01:52.554,0:01:54.618
There is a reason

0:01:55.128,0:01:59.464
As a physicist, my expertise was in [br]complexity physics

0:01:59.614,0:02:01.503
From that perspective[br]the reason is very clear

0:02:01.663,0:02:08.599
In general, systems acquire new properties[br]as they become more complex

0:02:09.589,0:02:15.057
For example, our bodies are made of many cells

0:02:15.057,0:02:18.538
But, it is not simple [br]collection of cells

0:02:18.538,0:02:21.694
As cells come together, [br]new properties are acquired

0:02:21.694,0:02:23.338
and life emerges

0:02:24.538,0:02:31.011
For example, fish is no longer living[br]when it is cut into parts

0:02:31.381,0:02:36.369
Similarly, dissecting complex system

0:02:36.369,0:02:39.292
and studying parts separately

0:02:39.292,0:02:45.112
the sum would not lead to [br]the understanding of the whole

0:02:45.712,0:02:50.661
As the internet connects the world [br]like the nerve system

0:02:50.661,0:02:53.968
the world is no longer like a huge machine

0:02:53.968,0:02:57.655
it is becoming more like [br]a huge living organism

0:02:57.965,0:03:03.625
with that, parts and the whole are [br]closely interconnected

0:03:03.625,0:03:07.312
It is no longer possible to understand[br]the whole world

0:03:07.442,0:03:13.145
by looking at small parts

0:03:13.485,0:03:18.367
In the past, our process to [br]predict future was as follows:

0:03:19.477,0:03:26.683
1) Build a model[br]focus on what's relevant, ignoring the rest

0:03:28.103,0:03:32.622
2) Refine the model[br]based on the data from the past

0:03:32.762,0:03:38.188
3) Predict the future[br]by applying the model

0:03:38.538,0:03:42.776
When the world was not [br]closely interconnected

0:03:42.776,0:03:45.188
this method worked well

0:03:45.608,0:03:51.245
But when we build a model[br]by extracting small parts of complex nexwork

0:03:51.405,0:03:54.063
the ignored elements enlarges

0:03:54.063,0:03:57.093
the gap between the model and reality too much

0:03:57.373,0:04:02.638
The gap becomes too big to ignore when[br]we try to predict in a longer term

0:04:03.548,0:04:08.977
With internet, the world is becoming[br]more and more complex

0:04:08.977,0:04:14.126
Mechanistic Paradigm will become[br]more and more obsolete

0:04:14.646,0:04:18.215
What should we do then?

0:04:19.655,0:04:26.012
I believe the nature's ability to organize itself

0:04:26.012,0:04:31.676
power of self-organization [br]will be very important

0:04:32.846,0:04:37.011
No one plans a forest

0:04:37.341,0:04:40.599
but forest develops complex eco-system[br]all by itself[br]

0:04:41.219,0:04:45.959
it is due to the self-organization ability[br]of the nature

0:04:46.469,0:04:51.988
As living organisms, we too have [br]self-organizing ability

0:04:52.548,0:04:57.479
In the future, it will be important to [br]utilize our self-organizing ability

0:04:57.479,0:05:02.964
in order to harmonize our societies

0:05:03.404,0:05:06.284
The difference between[br]mechanistic order and

0:05:06.284,0:05:12.935
the organic order through[br]self-organization is like this

0:05:14.135,0:05:18.566
The Mechanistic order functions[br]when individual freedom is restricted

0:05:18.566,0:05:21.471
Everyone acts as subscribed

0:05:21.471,0:05:23.891
Then the order is maintained

0:05:24.221,0:05:28.925
When individuals act freely[br]the order breaks down

0:05:30.695,0:05:33.669
In contrast, in organic order

0:05:33.669,0:05:40.784
individuals' life force brings order

0:05:41.574,0:05:45.974
In that, we need to liberate individual freedom

0:05:47.814,0:05:49.981
In the mechanistic order,

0:05:50.331,0:05:56.699
information is concentrated in the hands of [br]the manager on the top of the hierarchy

0:05:56.699,0:06:03.084
the managers make plans[br]and the subordinates implement the plans

0:06:03.404,0:06:07.920
The information flows one way[br]from top to bottom

0:06:08.430,0:06:10.511
In the organic order

0:06:10.801,0:06:14.699
the information is scattered [br]among the members

0:06:15.039,0:06:18.650
Each member holds various [br]diverse information

0:06:19.050,0:06:25.094
By bringing diverse information[br]and learning collectively

0:06:25.354,0:06:28.688
the group determines the direction [br]to move forward

0:06:28.948,0:06:32.457
The information is created[br]bottom-up

0:06:32.807,0:06:33.936
What it means is

0:06:34.046,0:06:36.614
the direction of information flow

0:06:36.614,0:06:41.069
in the mechanical order and [br]in the organic order is reversed

0:06:42.779,0:06:44.628
In the mechanical order

0:06:44.628,0:06:47.012
the goal is set in future

0:06:47.012,0:06:50.256
and determine what to do now [br]by calculating backwards

0:06:50.566,0:06:56.440
The time flows backward from the goal to present

0:06:57.810,0:07:00.331
In the organic paradigm

0:07:00.331,0:07:06.388
future is created by sharing what we are[br]feeling in the present moment

0:07:06.658,0:07:11.177
The time flows from present to the future

0:07:12.587,0:07:15.606
The flow of time too is "flipped"

0:07:15.606,0:07:18.224
in mechanistic paradigm and organic paradigm

0:07:18.724,0:07:21.735
In the education to live in [br]the mechanistic order

0:07:21.735,0:07:25.632
the ability to act according [br]to the plan by the manager

0:07:25.712,0:07:27.057
without questioning

0:07:27.117,0:07:28.467
without making mistakes

0:07:28.537,0:07:29.687
and quickly

0:07:29.807,0:07:33.094
was greatly valued

0:07:33.464,0:07:38.237
As the futurist Alvin Toffler pointed out

0:07:38.367,0:07:41.959
obedience, punctuality, and [br]patience to perform repetitious tasks

0:07:41.959,0:07:47.606
was taught as hidden curriculum

0:07:48.512,0:07:52.132
In order to guarantee organizational continuity[br]despite member changes

0:07:52.392,0:07:57.826
the standardization of thoughts [br]was stressed

0:07:58.846,0:08:03.769
This kind of education was meaningful

0:08:03.829,0:08:06.674
while mechanistic society was functioning

0:08:07.514,0:08:11.136
However, in the present time[br]when societal paradigm is shifting

0:08:11.156,0:08:15.262
from mechanistic to organic

0:08:15.522,0:08:18.931
we have to re-examin current education

0:08:19.001,0:08:24.753
Or else children's ability to live [br]in the future society could be compromised

0:08:25.883,0:08:32.820
What is the educational model that fosters[br]ability to live in an organic society?

0:08:33.120,0:08:38.552
I propose the hidden curriculum of [br]the past be replaced as follows

0:08:39.322,0:08:40.991
be authentic self

0:08:41.531,0:08:43.377
learn from differences

0:08:43.667,0:08:46.746
keep reframing through self-reflections

0:08:47.456,0:08:48.603
What it means is

0:08:48.653,0:08:52.683
to exam the frame of reference[br]that one holds

0:08:52.683,0:08:54.928
and keep renewing it

0:08:55.048,0:08:58.310
such process would be very important

0:09:00.060,0:09:01.472
In a safe and secure environment

0:09:01.472,0:09:02.902
express oneself

0:09:03.102,0:09:04.829
learn from each other

0:09:04.829,0:09:06.697
in order to create collective wisdom

0:09:07.157,0:09:10.787
This type of learning will probably foster[br]the learning for the future

0:09:12.013,0:09:16.791
In Japan, active learning and flip education[br]is attracting more attentions

0:09:17.911,0:09:19.644
In December 2012

0:09:19.644,0:09:22.452
I started a study group on flip education

0:09:22.452,0:09:25.324
with only about 10 friends

0:09:26.834,0:09:31.211
All my previous education was[br]of mechanistic model

0:09:31.211,0:09:33.569
I had no idea how it is like to learn as a group

0:09:33.569,0:09:38.022
I had no idea how to create future [br]from collective wisdom

0:09:38.022,0:09:41.703
So I wanted to experience [br]collective learning myself first

0:09:42.653,0:09:44.945
As I proposed to create a forest like[br]environment online

0:09:44.945,0:09:48.113
where diverse people would gather

0:09:48.823,0:09:53.889
in 5 years, the forest has grown [br]to have 4500 participants

0:09:55.209,0:09:59.328
It was never anticipated when I started

0:09:59.418,0:10:03.816
Through my 5 years of experience [br]I am convinced

0:10:03.816,0:10:07.145
that when I want to start something[br]

0:10:07.145,0:10:10.513
it goes better when [br]I share my ideas with others

0:10:10.513,0:10:13.171
than when I make plans by myself

0:10:13.861,0:10:15.780
As I dialogue my hopes and [br]desires with others

0:10:15.780,0:10:17.859
more and more people come together

0:10:17.859,0:10:21.954
and things are realized in a way[br]not even imagined at the beginning

0:10:21.974,0:10:24.950
I have experienced that repeatedly [br]in last 5 years

0:10:25.850,0:10:31.980
It might seem senseless in [br]a mechanistic society

0:10:32.130,0:10:34.299
But in an organic society

0:10:34.299,0:10:35.965
it will soon become a common sense

0:10:36.925,0:10:39.405
Our children will probably live in a society

0:10:39.405,0:10:46.672
that is a further development of [br]my experience in last 5 years

0:10:47.102,0:10:50.401
The Flip Education means much more than[br]

0:10:50.401,0:10:54.891
flipping the order and role of [br]classroom learning and homework

0:10:55.071,0:10:57.081
The paradigm would shift from

0:10:57.081,0:10:59.184
the teacher-centered [br]"teaching" paradigm to

0:10:59.184,0:11:02.778
learner-centered "learning" paradigm

0:11:04.555,0:11:10.363
From top-down learning from past success[br]and of the predetermined knowledge

0:11:10.533,0:11:13.055
to the learning where learners dialogue

0:11:13.055,0:11:14.363
share knowledge

0:11:14.703,0:11:18.859
exchange emotions and share individual[br]hopes and desires

0:11:19.329,0:11:21.832
build collective wisdom from the bottom up

0:11:22.032,0:11:23.722
for the creation of future

0:11:23.722,0:11:25.302
that kind of "flip"

0:11:26.531,0:11:28.990
Furthermore, the life will change from

0:11:28.990,0:11:31.916
setting a goal in the future and[br]and calculating backwards

0:11:32.369,0:11:35.460
to the life that co-creats future

0:11:35.470,0:11:38.367
by sharing what is felt by me [br]and others around me

0:11:38.367,0:11:40.647
Thus, flipping the flow of time

0:11:41.137,0:11:44.155
It is also a shift from maintaining the order[br]by restricting individual freedom

0:11:44.785,0:11:50.865
to fostering self-organization by[br]liberating freedom

0:11:51.635,0:11:58.515
It is also a shift from the mechanistic [br]paradigm to the organic paradigm

0:12:00.755,0:12:04.628
We are at a great turning point of [br]the human history

0:12:04.628,0:12:07.542
where 2 paradigms co-exist

0:12:07.542,0:12:10.555
We are living in contradictions [br]of the paradigms

0:12:11.365,0:12:16.025
From the mechanistic perspective[br]this contradiction appears as a crisis

0:12:16.025,0:12:18.113
the order is breaking down

0:12:18.453,0:12:20.441
But from the organic perspective

0:12:20.441,0:12:23.001
it is the source of creation

0:12:25.111,0:12:27.456
This present historical turning point

0:12:27.456,0:12:29.665
can be seen as the end of an old era

0:12:29.665,0:12:32.962
or as the beginning of a new era

0:12:34.292,0:12:37.954
5 years ago, as a teacher of physics[br]at a college prep school

0:12:37.954,0:12:41.424
I published video footage of my classes online

0:12:41.684,0:12:44.848
I anticipated what was working before [br]would no longer work before long

0:12:44.848,0:12:47.330
my job would be elimiated

0:12:47.390,0:12:48.744
I was experiencing great anxiety

0:12:50.054,0:12:55.923
But now, I am excited that I stand [br]at the beginning of new era

0:12:56.523,0:12:59.107
I am involved in flip education

0:12:59.107,0:13:05.212
with a hope to create future with colleagues[br]from around the world

0:13:06.406,0:13:09.330
Through which perspective [br]do we see the world?

0:13:09.770,0:13:12.856
We have a choice

0:13:13.996,0:13:16.468
I invite you to "flip" with us

0:13:16.888,0:13:18.406
Thank you very much!