evening thank you for coming out to d<u>c</u>
acm's may presentation

on reinventing the Internet

i'm andrew conkland cherokee c<u>a</u>c_ m

it's my pleasure to welcome you to
google d<u>c</u>

I'd like to take a moment here to think
that people in the dissident possible

starting with the car let anthony's and
google pc

I'd also like to think the chapter board
for helping to put this on and

all the communication they did

in fact that lake all of them

stand up right now

to show who they are

so feel free a

uh... please be sure to grab one of a
man to chat with him after this is over

also that the bank Internet Society for

uh... the live stream tonight

and of course uh... the Internet

for making this possible

if not for the Internet we would be a
running events through large

bureaucratic committees

snail mail

and we would more than

close we've more closely adhered to the
by-laws of d<u>c</u> a cm

uh... that's a half joke

uh... the association for computing
machinery or a cm dot org is an

educational scientific computing society
for academics and practitioners in

computing

it consists of international chapters
conferences workshops

special interest groups

uh... professional development resources
an additional library of white papers

uh... our chapter

are chapters focus is

presented appear which is

bringing uh... presentations from
academic institutions

uh... into the community

professional development for appears

and participation in the in our local
community

for the party

term is almost up uh... this year and i
want to talk a couple of couple

highlights

we've had some very interesting
presentations in the past year

here's a short list of them

most recently computer vision with

docked with doctor larry davis at the
university of maryland

very good talk uh... soft

cleansing intrusion tolerance wasn't the
one i had no idea about and that was

about uh...

virtual machines flops within

within minutes and then it within forty
five seconds

with data persistence it was a very very
compelling taught

and then there's a couple others here
knowledge discovery now analysis

organizational social capital

we also a little while back we had a
dinner with richard solomon

of the free software foundation

that was so sick at dinner

and now here's a couple of stats so the
species yummy dot group we started about

a year ago we now have forty porn twenty
eight members

there's another meet up group we've been
running called bcn idols which is an

after-hours

working community

self-starter meets once a week

about a forty attendees we had a a
congressman come out couple weeks ago

is having us into uh... the capitol
building com complex for core concession

and there's a lot of interesting doers
and salsa orders that are building

business ventures

hobbyists freelance

and other committee other every week

recommend checking it out

and then from i three and a half years
here helping with the c<u>a</u>c_ emma have a

couple of takeaways

very obvious ones it would seem on paper

uh... the first one is

helped many people around you

uh... through putting on talks in
putting on professional development

courses

a lot of people benefit from it

and you can do that through this chapter

the more people people to help

and you grow because of it

suv that leads into the next slide

which is

called for

she sees him board numbers candidates

that santa and in a couple days

and we are going to have our elections
next month month as well

and I'd like to take a moment here to
secretly have a community announcement

they'd like to make

extender

i put flyers out on the table out front
this is for the

university of maryland human-computer
interaction a lab thirty s annual

symposium coming up next week in college
park ec aisles been doing leading edge

interface work for decades ob engine
item and found that the the lab it's now

on its third fourth director it's a
great event and the flyers out there if

you can't get a flyer disability i olson
posey 'em and you'll find a link to it

administers the keller

amanda c<u>e</u>o_ and founder of programming

uh... it's a new

all-female software training program in
d<u>c</u>

uh... cell and going to be hosting
workshops

and a full ten week uh... programming
fellowship

for women's learn

on how to code in python so if anyone is
interested in that town looking for

supporters

uh... hiring organizations and student
self company after its just

and jeff alexander i'm actually on the
board all of the um... technology

transfer society of d<u>c</u>

and we're actually having an event at
lunch on wednesday called code breakers

include makers john hume into is a long
time and please now as i will talk about

those and other people involved in world
war two

code development and code breaking uh...
in the war if that the nazis

uh... lessons we can learn about how to
manage innovation from that experience

so it sat down southeast universe user
universities association which is just

over here up on a block away out google
tech transfer society d<u>c</u> chapter no

find thanks

payments to a breeze a massive from d<u>c</u>
government

d<u>c</u> more nurses that helped support
tech sector

public original basin is that we've got
to work with some terms here

let me know if you have in a bit company
or if you

and

sobered by the sponsors

i'm mike nelson slumber government and
i'm also very involved in society d<u>c</u>

chapter

we're very glad to be

providing live streaming here but we're
also wanted to announce that next

thursday twenty-third morning we're
doing an event at the center for

strategic and international studies
geopolitics Internet governance

why other people want to take that away
from us

higham shown themselves and you know
it's uh... to the community d<u>c</u> adjust

general announcements we have some very
interesting things going on one were

working with

uh... teach you to reduce so it's kind
of exciting to do that

and uh... we also have some interesting
things going on we're working with

partnering with the smithsonian soon

uh... we uh... have a couple of that's
coming up soon

visit our data kennedy d<u>c</u> dot org page

uh... we'd have

so if i feel like the governor from
texas

i forgot

but there's a lot of great lots going on
there like you to check it

pickett

without a for the delay in its my own
urge introduce tonight speaker

dr irvine surface served as vice
president chief Internet evangelists for

google since october two thousand five

surf is a former senior vice president
technology strategy for m<u>c</u>i_

widely known as one of the fathers of
the Internet surf is the code designer

of the t c<u>p</u>i_ p protocols in the
architecture of the Internet

he performed this work during his tenure
with the u<u>s</u> department of defense is

advanced research projects agency

surface acquired numerous uh...
accolades over the years in ninety four

he was listed in people magazine's
twenty five most intriguing people

ninety seven you received the u<u>s</u>
national medal of technology by

president clinton

two thousand for the cm

during award

two thousand five the presidential medal
of freedom by president bush

and twenty thirteen years appointed by
president obama to serve on the national

science port

that doctor men served has either
started chairs or is currently a fellow

at virtually every reputable Internet
technology related association on the

planet

if you're looking for a conversation
starter ask him about leonard nimoy

jet propulsion laboratory

and what it's like to be married before
the Internet existed

ladies and gentlemen it's with great
privilege

i ask you please join me in welcoming
the president of the association for

computing machinery

doctor vincent

well thank you welcome to the uh...
google bc daycare center coffee knows

all the primary colors everything else

uh... it's really pressure to really is
it's a story for me started please that

the uh... htm chapter

came to us and yesterday was that
possible

and i certainly appreciate Internet
society sound

strain of this uh... activity

uh... this is a special kind of event
for me in a way because three of the

organizations that i care a great deal
about are represented here high stock

service

first president

pcm racers current president

uh... where i served as one of the past
presidents of uh... means a lot to me to

see all three of these organizations

uh... collaborating together tonight's
event

uh... i thought i would mention one
thing before the committee formal

presentation

uh... that nineteen ninety-four of
people magazine thing was a bit of a

surprise to me i don't quite know how
the figured out that that was because

Internet was not terribly widely known
the general public it was

this is world wide web site show up

but uh... the irony of all this is that
my wife

lost her she was three

got to call their implants won in ninety
six and one in two thousand six ten

years later

her story a soldier manickam wonderfully
compelling that they sent the photos

came out for three days traffickers he
got sixties people

in nineteen ninety eight and that's
always been the source of your

suggestion in the house alone i haven't
been able to get back in again

seconds and what to do it

mission is that uh... that you'll be
pleased i hope to know

that Internet and the world wide web
have been rescued

it's bright store

uh... source as a major engineering
achievement

dot that we think of the e<u>c</u> internal
organs being nobel prize in computer

science but there isn't anything for
engineering

well system

there is a queen elizabeth props for
engineering it was uh... established

last year

is warranted

every two years to uh...

obtuse now up to five people originally
up to three

uh... but now it's up to five it's a one
million pound crimes that's about a

million and a half dollars

by honda conversely mark increasing

uh...

leaders are

all were announces winners of the first

team field uh...

hearing his

and what is done

very ironic is that

my wife and are moving to london for six
months it for uh... some work for global

and

less than a week

after we arrived in

we won't have lunch with the lord mayor
of london

we will go on it and still line with the
prime minister

then we will go house where we

need queen elizabeth and she will be and
each of us a check for two hundred

thousand pairs

and that's all

threat

is it work

fun tonight when i thought i would do is
just give you a sense for database of

the current state of the Internet which
most of you if you are very familiar

with

so the transit we can already see are
happy to its only if occasions of those

trends

and then some of the problems places
that we all have with him

not only in interest and i feel
responsible for pursuing

let's let's start this was some simple
statistics

uh... these data rather out of date I'd
andy organizations that have been

producing them had not pleased to my
knowledge produced anything more reason

although the last time i was a couple
weeks ago so that i could be wrote about

that

but the on nine hundred million devices
that are visible on the net with uh...

domain names and generally speaking
fixed i<u>p</u> addresses are the servers

that are on the system they don't count
their laptops desktops and other things

that are episodic reconnected if you add
all those

uh... then you're getting close to the
two-and-a-half three billion devices of

others in any way for us to actually you
know that for sure there's no central

registry for many that in terms of the
number of users in mid year last year

was two point four billion my guess is
it could be easy to argue that there are

three billion users now behind

uh... it's all part of town because the
six-and-a-half billion role models that

are out there

uh... some fraction may be on the order
of twenty percent today and probably

fifty or hundred-percent figures from
them

uh... will that help and support from
capability and they'll be able to reach

unity and so a lot of people

are getting onto the Internet with their
first experience

from a while and for many of them may
stay that way

although as time goes on has cost them
their as new technologies arise more and

more people have multiple devices they
can use to interact with the network

so one meaning that I'd like to leave
you with tonight is that i believe that

our

early uh... experience interacting with
that one device at the time

will change over time and that we will
be using mobile devices concurrently

to make use of the net i'm wearing blue

glass today last is connected to the
Internet

uh... actor and often display keep being
distracted but if i cap it on the side

uh... it says uh... is waiting for me to
say something so i'll say okay class

take a picture

it just took the pictures from the
people here this is a voice-activated

device intracranial read about it

uh... we expect to have about with two
thousand mountain news today were

wrapping up to ten thousand by the end
the year

and then we don't

they're not being sold directly people
have to apply it may have to offer a a a

description of what it is a proposed new
what we're interested in doing is

getting these in the hands of people
actually investigators say applications

uh... this week so essendon pay for the
use of the fifteen hundred dollars each

today

I'd have no clue what it's going to look
like in two thousand fourteen to one

posted as the quantities increase the
price p

potentially come down

so these are yet again another time
device connected to the net and one

thing and tonight's discussion is
increasing number of m

propriety of devices that are part of
the Internet environment

interesting statistic again this
familiar last year

is where people are we're using the net

uh... ten years ago north america was
absolutely gorgeous number of users and

as penetration of stalinist penetration

at slightly under uh... eighty percent

but he said has the absolute large
number of users in china has the largest

number users pretty in any one country
they have five hundred billion flight

five hundred million people

half a billion people

are our online in china today that's the
only on the order

maybe four percent population

so you can imagine what that look like
when we get to

eighty percent of several uh... more
than a billion people

on their china so it's interesting you
know we hear all these stories about

the chinese eh... attacks on the napkin

sa which are presumably on true

but at the same time is fair to note
that the

country is making a huge investment in
building Internet infrastructure

so one interesting question from the
sociological point of view was what

happens

when they have this enormous fraction of
the population although i know he will

use the system it will be exchange
information with each other

how does that change

the machines view and i don't know the
answer to that but think this is and

we're watching it very very interesting

sociological experiment with technology
taking place before our eyes this decade

unfolds

i think this is going to be among the
more interesting affect student

observed

europe is the next four just in absolute
number of users although you know

there's a penetration rate is uh...
below the north america

but i've given up making any predictions
about europe because they keep getting

countries to the definition of europe

change and i don't know what it looks
like two years ago

and the other side

those who are the

you can see

that in africa we're still

uh... only modestly penetrated this
numbers is misleading though because i

think that that we have seen a very
rapid growth of mobile homes

in africa i don't know what fraction of
them are Internet cable

probably cell fraction twenty percent
thirty percent or something

and what we're seeing is uh...

individuals or small samples

uh... willing to pay get on and network
or at least again

which is a significant fraction bearer
monthly income

and yet they they do this because of the
time

and so when people who make up stories
about what people do with mobile phones

in africa

and they have things like you're getting
prices in the city certainly figure

hours starcraft best

you know asap

fact is that they're just slightly
higher european social networking review

all the other things we do

of all the data rates that they have
available or more limited so some things

they don't drive streaming video

until the data rates are adequate

but their use is not terribly different
than ours except order patients are on

the whole conditions

well this look now at the current
Internet and see what's happening to

uh... everybody determines well aware
that we ran out of uh... conversion for

interest rates

in february of two thousand one

and uh... that uh... was sort of um...

i don't know that it was an
embarrassment for box i mean there was a

interesting surprised

weblink refers to in the design in
nineteen seventy three forty years ago

and the question came up how how many
addresses should be out on this

experimental Internet

it we didn't know the answer to that so
we said well let's see

how many computers will there be a per
country

at the time we were doing this machines
we are using were big drinker machines

we thought we could meet into any of
those they take a boiler room in there

expensive but we said let's go

be crazy about we allocate twenty four
bits of address space for the machine

sixteen million

you know what we thought was mainframes
per country croats overjoyed

billy said how many countries are there

we didn't know there was no need to look
it up

sold stuff

itself the weekly guest company cartoon

so uh... added that he said well i mean

it's already per country and i thought
well just got the organ it wasn't

exactly expensive yet

so maybe they'll be cooper country

you know it's worked for competition so
we said twenty taxes two fifty six i

take this plus twenty four

thirty two-bit

we actually debated late nineteen
seventy seven just as the Internet

protocols were being standardized
whether we expanded our space what we

wanted very awake addresses in the
programmers hated the idea to sing waste

computer seconds finding difficult in
the packet because the gurgling

to india

uh... then somebody said how about our
twenty-two

address space at the time we were on a
fifty to a bit backbone

and the band frankly an awful lot of
these changes were fully flex

interactions character a character a
complex

it over again

one character going back forth with two
hundred fifty six bases source and

destination address

investment semi

there was not there to visit enough we
all have scared in the mid-nineteen

ninety houston started uh... work on
what was going to be calling p<u>n</u>g_ for

next year

eventually that uh...

produce the ideally six address please
bob blendon others has developed

one hundred twenty eight bits and pieces
sell in a very far away

has been using

are no Internet

and tone down the production version is
now open for any officially released on

june sixth two thousand twelve

i have favored a list of everyone of you
if you will go to whichever eyes p<u>e</u>

surprising with Internet address please
and ask them what the jury piece explain

when can i get i could be six this is
important

because it's very very slow

in terms of penetration mostly because
the i<u>r</u>s_ user about terror

a lot of their software is already
capable routers havent

u<u>p</u>s_ devices have hiking he sticks to
the ice peter turning out there saying

in

disingenuous

nobody's asking for course and asking
for ordered users don't know what he for

eighty six it is

mission hefty

when you do and so if you will help us
embarrass them or force in the too many

people were asking for anything you want
to thank you for that

yeah uh...

does try to explain what the
implications of a hundred and twenty

eight two dresses are remember saying
time that that every electronic universe

could have its own web page

until somebody from cal tech blog
renouncing got cancer futures teddy

electrons in the universe in europe by
fifty orders of magnitude

so i don't say that anymore

uh... yeah

thing is happening is that the maintains
its been bitten in latin characters you

know

can be written in dot characters in it

using the income

carousel which coming two hundred
thousand more characters

that same universities using html amex
and all four of the web so that makes

weapons meaning system much more
compatible

i cut hike in the Internet corporation
for signings and overseas and initiated

program of expansion of the generic
top-level domains

over two thousand applications were
received

for these units many or conflict because
people saint martin's

but uh... certainly on the order of
fifteen hundred of them

uh... are unique

and the question you know it's which
ones will actually become all registered

as top-level domains that process is
simple

so this is a major expansion

uh... the namespace

belly all the standard any system has a
number of or abilities

uh... one of which is uh... poisoning of
the uh...

nameserver cash

and so in order to get rid of borja
geetac and inhibit out the effects of

that kind of poison

database system security uh...

uh... architecture's being deployed
basically it's just been reciting abhi

binding between the two main ninety
address

so when you look up to translate you
dress you can ask for site response

if you get a correct response back

such exim in cricket jackson

uh... is uh...

uh... matches what you expect

then at least you have some confidence
in the integrity of the bundy someone

hasn't gone in

modified that binding or factored into
claims

because they don't have the private t<u>v</u>
would have been used to sign

that cancer that's being deployed around
the entire rooms and is signed

and a number of the second radio talk
over the means

ourself

and some of the second your side as well

a similar idea uh... has come up with
regard to the routing system

no remember that this whole thing was
developed in a time when it was mostly

geeks who are doing work in a trust each
other

now we're in an environment where you
can't do that anymore so it would have

to retrofit

mechanisms that will deal with

possible components

indication running system basically in
order to become part of the net

dissonant notes that you have

you're responsible for keeping track of
the address space total system number

or

and uh... my idea of this uh...

spaces this

and that propagates around through the
routing system the problem is you come

on

and when you lie about this and you look
like a somebody says estates

in order to defend against that it has
been proposed that night it implemented

there we go with a similar kind of
digital binding doing some reading

between the eco-system number

in the idea just based which it is
responsible for

so that when you're doing well and
updates you can actually check to see

where the parties use animals in the
states actually has the authority

there's some complexity this because not
all routing announcements come from the

edge

they propagated through the net so some
of the announcements are coming from

and so you have to be able to verify
that the whole chain

announcement is actually down

and so that makes it somewhat more
complicated which is why hasn't been

deployed yet

it's in the process of being

now i'm going to talk more about sensor
networks

the smartly program and mobile devices
so this is just a reminder again

in our Internet environment these
treatments are rapidly

uh... filling up

system

now we all anchor recognize that devices
are showing up on the net i certainly

had anticipated

uh... he's actually uh... this is an
order striking out the picture larry

page where you go class as another
Internet enabled device

but i can remember being very surprised
if somebody came in and said to me

they had just ended an animal picture
frame

yet and i couldn't imagine what would
that mean all i think it was it sounds

as useless as a electric for kickball

uh... but in fact it's obviously uh...
very useful and many of us at the gym

we have a wellesley upload or pictures
to website pictures are downloaded into

the

with the end of the uh...

Internet naval picture frame

and we have an opportunity to watch
what's going on in the family so it's

kind of a crude form of uh... a little
closer face book inouye insist personal

its opponents actually rather nice for
the grandparents because he can upload

pictures of the grandchildren

nieces and nephews

and see what they're doing bellevue way
this works you know who is in the

downloads the frame down those images
from some website so now securities

issue because of the website gets hacked
the grandparents may see pictures of

what we hope is not the grand jury

so now we have to worry about insecurity
at home as well as it org

uh... there are things that look like
telephones that are really voice over at

the devices

uh... the guy in the middle has built an
Internet enabled surfboard

uh... i don't know about how did it and
send him water waiting for the next wave

thinking you know i had a laptop myself
or it could be surfing the Internet away

let's let's do it as a laptop in this
report

and uh... and then go for the wifi
service back to the rescue check on the

beach

myself as a surprise

so if you want to go surf the net while
you're aware this is for you

paisa tells us that everyone over the
world will someday have an idea dress

and i can tell jokes about that anymore
because somebody sent me and ideally six

radio naval

l<u>e</u>d_ whitehall

uh... and works

uh... i have a a t<u>v</u> sets at work
writing in the house and you can turn

the lights are but that will get it

uh... the interesting thing is that
uh...

this

no one can you turn it off green collars
programmer

you can interrogate find out

so these sorts of things are becoming
reality

so if you on

have only imagine this is a science
fiction of speculation it is not

are in fact uh... you know i just
realized something

he'd seen inside hiding behind it

okay hiking

uh...

so uh... this is my sense is that at
home

uh... this is an i<u>v</u> six radio net it's
uh... commercial pops is not mean that

in the garage over the side of him

uh... the communities is on trial

which is a partner at cisco systems a
couple of years ago

scissor site all wingers

their sampling

the uh...

uh... like level

humidity and temperature in each room in
the house

every five minutes

and that is propagated through this
network sensors so the sensors are

actually store forward realize

they're running six votes

and i i p e six on top of that

and so the date is accumulated in the
server an interactive based

so you're only he can do this right dot
and my father once that is the end of

the year i will have very good
information about how well he had been

awake and air conditioning

instead of anecdotal information may
have

real uh... engineering data story

is an engineering like that

now one of the house is the one side

so that one is a log as the temperature
goes above sixty degrees fahrenheit

i get 'em uh... nasa now some of the
laptop

what is warming up

i remember going into love

lawrence not little argonne national
laboratory

effort three day visit just as i was
walking into the building all of those

opportunities dot com

uh... you know that you just broke into
the sixties resign barrier no one was

home at the time

and so every five minutes for the next
three days i kept getting this little

message the airline is winding up

so i called your truck guys they said
you have remote actuators he said yes

they say they have strong authentication
on them because i have a

fifteen-year-old next door to go on and
messing with my

wine cellar and he said yes so that's
the weekend project to install

benedetto thinking you know i can
probably tell somebody has gone into the

winds are blowing away cuz i can see the
lexicon of her

but i don't know what they didn't care

so ok solution to this

is to put our f<u>i</u>t_ chips on the spot

what then i can do an instantaneous
inventory to see that is why it is what

the seller without my permission

and down I'd miss it

describing this look brilliant design
you and your friends and he told me

there was about

i said winning is about to see what you
can go into the wine cellar red wine and

leave the bob so now we have to put
sensors in the court

and if i was reading that we might as
well sent esters to find out whether one

is ready to drink so before you on the
bottle he would carry the court

and if that's the bala got thirty year
issue something that's the one that

you're doing awesome cuz he doesn't know
the difference

not actually out this sort of thing is
going to be very common

not so everyone's on the part

although if i i i had someone come out
with in prime time

are f<u>i</u>t_ done

uh... yeah apa spartan tanks and we
actually wandered around my cell and we

picked up every single lots of exactly

this is not it's not a crazy idea

uh... the thing is that we will have
sensor networks and use them for

environmental control isn't for security

will use them for variety of things to
only

residence or business or manufacturing
facility

jimmy management control

some of these things will be very much a
part of the union

now there's an interesting question i'm
going to use the sensor network

as it's cool

walking us through bunch of questions

now the questions are very specific to

the notion of sensor network

architecture m large numbers of devices
that have to be configured and access

control

but i want to as we go through

this particular

discussion i want you to be thinking
generally about

Internet enable appliances are all kinds

having maybe managed and controlled

and wanting them to be

isolated from parties to might want to
use them for and nefarious purposes

anything that we don't want is the
headline that says

that there was a get distributed denial
of service attack

against bank of america by every
refrigerator in america

accel we need to be able to think of
ways through

how he will configure install

offering

protect

uh... and also move

move from one place and others to
imagine that you take your places with

you

they have idea dresses and

meeting that will be a new life he
addresses when they were installed new

residents how we do all of that

expecting every single

could become an expert

in configuring nike devices they
shouldn't have to do that you have to

know anything about

and so

what they remove series of design and
operational should there be single

controller

for all the devices should there be a
controller for each class of the bonds

how should we in device u

connect up with the poultry controller

one of your apartment building and
endure controller detects devices that

are in the into an apartment

this is certainly a great we probably
have with that

uh... electric blanket where the two
parties have the control switch

was turning up to get warmer the others
turning down a bit cooler aggressive

across the net

uh... so this is their these questions
that are actually pretty hard

and i think some of us are going to have
to figure out what's the right way to do

it

problem for the on wireless

well depending on where they were
installed you may or may not have been

radio connectivity even just inside the
house

so some of them i have to be wired
summary wireless employees different

frequencies

now this is easy and every device

that is sold to be part of the sensor s

so i have to be adaptable to different
conditions depending

once found a place for install

uh... on the factory floor

uh... there are similar kinds of scale
questions that occurred once again very

important

to make sure that the user

control only by parties that have the
authority to do that you don't want

some random person halfway around the
world turned on

in manufacturing device and possibly or

one of the workers

uh... they are the question is whether
the devices interact with each other

whether they'll be directly nationalized

and here we get into the interesting
example one of the art rock system where

the devices are released for jun

in addition

providing uh...

censored

census data

process today

uh... and then uh... providing it to
some

king lear

but they also are part of that work
which is something to happen

uh... to uh... local radio condition

so on

this is an d

the questions or almost endless

here's some more here

and decide what ideas

they should have you generate the state
using ninety b six presumably because

before useful

but there is a

a question about previous should be

what you have this is the

another remembered

we're out of discovery online discover
other devices that are part of the

system

uh... some of you will know a little bit
about convoluted system works if you use

it you know that we can devices are

in close enough proximity

uh... one of them were

present

which you you enter into the other one
in order to confirm that you want to do

my cv

connected now the question is whether
every device in this garment is uh...

hazardous waste even though we were not

and if it doesn't mean we start thinking
or hawaii

how to manage these things and it could
be the journal while becomes the devices

used not only to control and that also
to configure

and so I'd be in the possibilities here
are fairly uh...

complex

and we're gonna have to figure out how
to make that work

what about what to it's very attracted
to be a little website

and say i would like to using uh...
webpage diminish my devices

and if we standardize things properly

then third parties will be able to offer
service to manager systems fourteen

think about entertainment you know about
you

i have lots of boxes at home and have
infrared controllers for

and usually i fumble around for a while
trying to figure out which controllers

the right one for which box

and when i finally got that right that's
the controller that bad

so if we put all of them are going well
network

and we use the mobile which is also a
little old man is the controller of the

things that happen can be in court

uh... then that means third parties
intervenes english if you'll allow them

would be the manager of the devices and
all you do is go to the web sites and

what the sound of movies please populate
all various devices

which is entertainment country

is of interest to me

so out is just incredibly uh...

rich character what about state
information

if you have uh...

things that are are gathering data about

the temperature humidity levels in my
case or other things about house

you may be able to infer whether
anybody's at home

how many people were home

uh... went up

in the morning on active depending on
what information is available

that could pose a security hazard

especially if they can't figure out
nobody's home

so again this is a question of what
information should be available

who should have access to it and control
that

so there's just goes it's a long long
listed updates that we're cope with

here's another interesting things that
are part of

uh... typically cable provider
configures these things up for you

uh... and it operates the controller
forty

and offers web access is uh... sheila to
control the system

and if so how boxes of these on american
interact with each other like charity

art

so that's a common example but one thing
what happens if we transform decency

devices there i could be sixty

and they have the ability to reach out
and use the Internet in addition to

everything else

now they become

since it could be streaming video from
other sources sending cable television

company

and that interestingly enough creates a
conflict right because the cable t<u>v</u>

guide supplying him with broadband
access to the Internet

discovers that

you're using the broadband Internet to
get access to somebody else's video

which messes up your business model

which leads to a possible or desire to
prevent you from getting video from

anybody but damn

back isn't in the calendar dates and
everything else is a very quickly

as we pursue these technical problems we
also cover

uh... an honors

various policy issues that have to be
resolved

uh... and i've already talked about your
chocolate

so uh... or the other

question is diversity in uniformity

uh... one uniformity is really helpful
because it allows you to your

opportunity

diversity dot is important because you
want to be able to trying new things and

figuring out how to cope with both of us
at the same time

up to be true

this part of it is a program was started
by the department of commerce department

of energy about four years ago

and their initial focus was to create
margaret interoperability panel

to encourage

standards for the devices that are part
of a smart grid

so they can be managed to they could
respond for example to it by saying

that uh...

the uh... power grid was reaching people
and would you please let me go water

earlier condition for a while

this is important because the ability to
control world was not billed

capacity excess capacity that's only a
small percentage of time

and so that's a good or thrilled

capability disability sake please don't
use electricity

but you also have the opportunity to get
to report back on which devices were

used during the course in montana
element

now tell you something about my record
that was what it is and that feedback

loop

is what helps us decide whether we
change our lifestyle

possibly for economic reasons are really
just care about the environment we want

to change or

abuse

electricity for example

so again a whole series of issues
associated with smartly program that or

not

uh... once was the sensor networks
except one thing you should really

different

up until uh... recently

most of the car generated in the united
states essentially generated in

distributed over collins

without reaching a point where we are
capable putting generation capability to

be adjusted

and he gets even more dramatic when you
go from this photovoltaic candidate

manpower possibly view

thermal

uh... as a generators of electricity in
your home

now it's more again electric cars

make began

so now you have the possibility no
holding power out of the system recharge

cars were pushing power into the system
that i want to think about control

theory if you put it in school

it gets more complicated systems that
will push and pull at the city

at you know at the same time

problem that we are

independently

uh... every or every household united
states is either generating electricity

reporting electricity

hideouts assistant like that

and so if you're interested in some of
the thinking about that look at my

grades

uh... google search on that because the
ideas artists consider actually just

really

electrical power generation farther

so that we live so dependent on one

uh... singles samples solely

in a particular area simply right before
it was in all kinds of people here

this vote leads me to one other thing
about uh...

Internet him thing that uh... like uh...
mentioned earlier about

policy

for the big issues that we have today

is that

there are

countries

this see how important the Internet is
but they're nervous about it because

they have since

democratic ability to let people share
information

and for some data

authoritarian regimes that's a threat

we've seen the outcomes for example in
europe spring

I'd like to emphasize something for you
mean some people were pounding their

chests and looking uh... Internet was
that part of or face book and others

were

part of the air strain is wonderful

except the outcomes revolutions don't
always come out where you would like

and right now we're seeing some pretty
difficult problems in egypt for example

in libya for example in syria for
example

uh... he changes of the

places where the

the arabs friends started teenage is
probably one which is happy

i don't use the word placid exactly but
it was more stable

regime change for the others have been
very very difficult

so i want to be careful not to

the role of the Internet analysts as if
it is uniformly positive

you have to be really thoughtful about
how you recover from major rethinking

but what this is like to

is a real debate about

uh... what

role governments have in the control of
the Internet

for all of us uh... in the Internet
world

uh... historically we've seen this is a
very violent thing multiple stakeholders

are

interested him

making decisions about policy

they're the ones that are affected by
whether it's a technical community the

general public

civil society

the government's the private sector

are all having equal state

him what happens in the policy many

and yet many of the intergovernmental
institutions like the international

telecommunications union

see this is the province of governments
to make policy

and uh... this is a place where there's
plenty of opportunity for intervention

they world summit on the information
society which began in two thousand

three

began with the premise that there would
be an information society and we were

seen emerge of its own when did it mean
firmly

policy point of view

and the first thing that these
government officials where this is a

intergovernmental

discussion

first thing that they asked was what
information society

ends there

people said well the Internet is an
example

so they said what was in charge of the
Internet

not nothing could possibly be tuesday

if it was essentially mentioned we said
well nobody is a distributed system and

they didn't believe this

so then they discovered that i can

because i can't has responsibility for
idea dress allocations and meeting

management

and they decided and i can this be a
tragedy

and then they said it wasn't right if i
can they decided i cant government

contract with the department of commerce
twenty nine and must be in charge of

either

that u<u>s</u> is in terms of the Internet
patents sit well with some of the

country set back pain u<u>s</u> attorney unit
has been

uh... a persistent uh...

issue since two thousand three

Internet governance forum was created
out of the world somebody information

society as a place where we could talk
about issues arising in the inner it's a

very important multi stakeholder

system or

function

it doesn't make decisions

this turns out to be really important

because he'd make decisions if you're if
you drafts uh...

communiques

or make recommendations you have to
argue with each other you end up doing

uh... you know these little words
missing things

in the end what we want is people going
away understanding what are the issues

like facing Internet how should they be
dressed in battle

but not by idea a<u>t</u>f_ is their as a way
of surfacing problems helping people

figure u

i'm ireland let me just get through
organ international talks non-stop about

some of you follow the world conference
on

information technology know that there
was a major earthquake

this was intended to revise the
international talk on regulations

which had been touched his nineteen
eighty eight and at that point poorest

people

government officials especially when
thinking about you know

so they didn't take into account what
unit was like and what he could do

how could subsumed mobile solely

earlier telecommunications applications

system

which it has done

so they try to revise these things and
the uh... countries that were most

interested in finding ways to control

Internet wanted to use the international
telecom regulation revision as a way of

gaining

authority over the net

so they try to put language into a high
tea arms that uh... spoke of spam for

example

spoke with security

smoker

viruses worms and source well those are
applications that country

and never in history international talk
i mean you know her

dot hunt and he was

it was standardizing telephone

uh... interaction and originally
delaware interactions

but it was never responsible for content

they didn't control what he did say on
the phone

they only trying to make sure you can
make a phone call

well i think the Internet to be the same
way that these guys concede that way

the result of the debate

was that uh... of the hundred and forty
seven countries

that attended

eighty-nine signed the resulting
treating fifty-five walk away including

the united states which is the right
thing to do

so if that is the biggest schism
international

negotiations regarding telecom that's
ever happened in history the i<u>q</u>

i think it's a very important uh... data
point

and i think that which actually kind of
take advantage of the fact that there is

disagreeing

in order to force people to face it

at the Internet is different

approval via the telephone system

we've been dealt with in the past

skip over to privacy and safety

you hear security security security is
an issue on the Internet

what I'd like to suggest to use that
word causes people to think too much

about uh...

national security and think about

nation state tax and so what would
happen

cases is not argue that they don't

but the general public

goes this way

at the point where we're talking actual
security

what they don't

it fully appreciate is that they are
also part of the problem

but its safety daycare

they would like to be feel like they're
safe on the Internet and they don't give

us a fight because orders policy of
reported

so i'm

thinking that we should be

working out uh... kind of cyber fire
depart

velvet model i have in my head into
somebody standing in front of his uh...

his house was burning down and he's got
a garden hose

and he's taking any somebody with the
rows and more water

in order for this out in the first thing
the comes to mind is not to call the

police department

you call firepower

so we don't have a sucker for apartment
in for a lot of individuals

households and small businesses and
everything else they don't have the

expertise to put out a certified

they don't know what to do about being
infected within a matter of fact that

they don't know what to do about cyber
tackled

and what they have cyber for in incall

as a business or vigil

but the rules may have to be different
from what we did when we actually caught

fire department your neighbor can call
fire department to be seizure house on

fire

the fire department feels free to come
in and broke windows in the rules in

order for the fire because the
neighborhood it is addressed

so far is out

but now they have in your competitor
calls a cyber fire department says

you're under attack cases are fire
department comes out break settling down

for three days trying to figure out what
the problem is in wilder out of business

and your competitors flailing

so the rules for

uh... indeed start for artwork the
different media before

for example

i think it's important in this analogy
is

the fire department aptly put out the
fire try to figure out why the fire

started

interviews are some and suddenly the
police department of the heroes on for

some gets the ball

you can imagine a similar kind of
scenario

something else happens the fire
department economic inspector building

to see whether or not meet parker

and we have fire codes for buildings

and and that you can imagine

looking for

advice and even some rules for designing
systems that are safer

than others

just like we have rules for doing
buildings that are safer examples forget

multiple exits entrances for for
safety's sake

so i think that we are at a period of
time worthless consider

uh... me

invention of the summer for a car

their country of the things here that

dimension

i have a few other things to talk about
it also no

vietnam

pretty close to having

borden vols or i can't believe it

here's the problem

digital signatures are really attractive
right

significance and usually sign things
anywhere

the question is legally

is is it is a digital signature binding

and it's not percent clear right now
especially international business

whether or not a contract has been
signed usually it has weighed in court

and so there's eighteen missing uh...

assessment

uh... either there is legislation does
require

or the international treaties required
in order to determine whether or not

digital signature on a contract is
binding

we don't have uh... agreements yet
cleaning up but i think you would you

wouldn't have

words but

come to some agreement about that

i'm sure all of you are aware of the
current state of debate on intellectual

property

on the path inside

software patents to turn out to be a
nightmare

and uh... i think all those who
recognize what that is

the best example i can give you a wild
and this is important for creativity and

innovation

is html

when the first browsers for me

even when the timbers needed

uh... they had to feature the you can
actually asking to show you the html

source

and you could figure out how do they do
that

and then they copied each other and it
was great because you know webmasters

learn from each other

they develop new ideas everybody got to
try new things out and give them the

evolution

the webpage was pretty dramatic

over a very short period of time because
people share each other's ideas and use

it

of html

uh... in that's just one example of the
reason why open this has been so

valuable that's why google makes
open-source available creme brulee

increment croats for the same reasons
but right now there's a lot of attention

comes to copyright

it's a whole other story

uh... some of you will remember the
uh...

uh... in the

our constitution

the notion of copyright was installed in
there

as for two reasons

to benefit the party who had created a
work

for a limited period of time

originally was fourteen years

and if you were the author of something
that you could control who can make

copies of it for that period of time

if you were still alive after fourteen
years ago actually had an option to

extend the copyright again for another
fourteen years

i think you had to make the payment to
do that

well what has happened over the whole
and then

after that period had expired

the work became part of the public
domain

intent here to benefit the population

in the words are in there

exactly that way what has happened over
the course of a couple of years

is that the intellectual property
community has extended

the lifetime

for but the copyright holder s

seventy five years after the death of
the office

this feels a little excessive to me
because it seems to have left out

the idea that things in the public
domain would benefit the general public

i think we've been waiting for

we're seeing similar problems with
passed because we have people fighting

overpass

that expanding billions of dollars

things it probably should have been
patented in the first place i think this

is a largely approval of software

so uh... this is a big problem in some
of us into technical world were about

do indeed with the legal people

in order to work through the
implications of changing

love the way these things work

and final thing i wanted to mention on
the slide has to do with the problem

that

uh... we are increasingly creating
digital content

every day when we use word processing
programs that were used for entry to usa

uh... presentation software kind or
another

we create fairly complex digital files

say this is the big business in those
files were only meaningful with the

software that created them is available

and one of the problems that arise this
is an overtime

that's offering up the executed

on the machines that you have available

and so if you carefully stored the bits
and you've moved them from the five

quarter-inch floppy do the three and a
half incentive you know the uh... dvds

or cds

to any and seller if you move the dates
from one begin to another if there is no

guarantee that the software that created
them will still be money machine that

you're currently

using or the operating system that we
currently using

uh... the uh...

lol might uh...

experiment i remember whose

what happens in this year's three
thousand

and you've got a google search

and in turn up in nineteen ninety seven
qar point five

the question suppose you're running
windows three thousand images for the

sake of argument

and the question is will the windows
three thousand package interpreting

nineteen ninety-seven powerpoint file
correctly answered probably no

and this is not a gratuitous vega
microsoft even if you're using open

source

mechanisms that the other
hundred-percent through the open source

programs would continue to be compiled
worry machine

up until the year three thousand

so there's a real challenge their which
is maintaining the ability to interpret

the debts

in scientific data it's even worse

because he he

uh... track not only in the distant
cells from in san diego calibration

instruments

uh... in the conditions under which the
data was collected

we don't have a bridging right now

either a few more that we can retain
information or even that we can get

access to software

when the company goes out of business

or when they with lisa

a new version is not compatible with the
previous one how do we get access to the

previous of software

there are there is no current regime
which recognizes the importance of

retaining

uh... access to the scheduled days

some of you probably saw the movie
lincoln

and you've ever reading a book

called

a team of rivals by doris kearns good

one of the interesting things about
herblock usage fee reconstructed the

dialogue with the time

by going to a hundred different
libraries and finding the lenders

principles in that uh... story

had said to each other

she was able to reconstruct dialogue
based on their imagine the june twenty

second century and trying to reproduce
what life was like in are twenty first

century

everything we've done is scheduled it's
all done it's unacceptable they will

never be at the moment we work

we we will not be good ancestors we will
be invisible ancestors

so we can not this would have to figure
out how to do background

ocampo

team well

you know what

through getting lazy

i really feel

compelled to tell you some of this is it
ok

uh... so

this is the thing that's interesting
about the Internet is that despite the

fact that bomb in a local celebrate

the fortieth anniversary of the design

paper was published in may of seventy
four of the original papers written in

september of seventy three

and we turn the system on

on january one nineteen eighty three

sows an operational for thirty years in
spite of this age

uh... it has a long pretty dramatically
and there are lots of things that are

still going on there could be done with
the open flow idea stanford university

and it begins with is a particularly
interesting example

you know when we don't balance

with cisco another still drives

big is the address base

on the packets to figure out where they
should welcome so you look at the

destination addressing look it up in a
cable news where doctor replied the

cable companies

fourteen thousand you do that

mitnick in his guys said wildly limiting
ourselves to the end respects

it why can't use other events in the
packet to tell us where out things what

we did look at the other states at all
just look at the content decided how to

wrap based on that

as a slightly multitask like ring to it
at that because you can imagine

announcing

you were interested in this kind of
content

and everybody knows that i'm interested
in that kind of content would get copies

of the package because the drowning
people would say anybody that said they

wanted

that content we were back to that
smoking yes

so what what they have done basically is
open up the notion of routing too much

broader range possibilities

this is really powerful stuff

and i don't have time to go to all the
details of the global

decided to build an hour

wide area network backbone that connects
all of our data centers together using

open flow

so over a period of about eighteen
months aboard where we work with the

overflow team

we actually implemented

and open for hours and we build
ourselves and we put into operation in

the backbone latino business together

it's given us

substantially better performance in
terms of uh... your station of the

optical

uh... network that links are data
centers

so have very ambitious thing to do
identity do with it some thought that i

can taken credit don't want you earth
also as our senior vp for information

for infrastructure

and his team just landed

and it's really impressive

uh... so this is an example of breaking
uh... out over donor card it will

emulate everything literary robert do

because use text of the actors

but the fact is is like any technology
worded

does the previous thing

and then because you using new
technology to do the previous thing you

can send you step in the body of your
life you can do it

uh... that's very

uh... another we talked about
configuration management and the

Internet things

problem certificates and certification

a lot of people thought that issuing
certificates should be greatly reduced

authentication

but that assumes you can trust you to
get it for recent issues a certificate

in the first place

problems you can do you know if you

isn't the issue where the certificate
can have any string they want to

associated with the public key

there was no concern

and so if you in fact were able to call
wears

uh... a certificate authority by the
certificate authority over break into a

certificate is already in generate fall
certificate

with more microsoft word himself for
providers namely in that certificate and

then somehow

issue software

associated that certificate you can
cause people to mistakenly download and

install

well the problem here is

trust every certificate corey

now you can try to uh... thought to that

if you look at your browser and you see
how many certificate authorities are

uh... are trusted outfits

it's only and self control

sold by the other alternative india
a<u>t</u>f_ right now is to look at the

possibility of installing certificates

intervening system

using insect

as a tool

for making sure that everything going
down to the place where the certificate

is being installed has been digitally
signed so there's a change dress on top

of that

is usually is related to refer to
strings that are related to me

in which that coddling inserted interest
on

so if you're

google dot com

the only certificates that i could have
a good in cool dot com the second level

domain

with her third level domains inside
google dot com

any other attempts to for certificate
out of that part of the uh... demeaning

zone

we have to be rejected out of him
because he

strain was accredited

wasn't from its own

so that's an example of a way of
responding to this story

let me just mention

one of the things i want to give you a
quick summary of the year planetary

system

uh... p

uh... those of you who study the history
of competing here remember project

activity back in the nineteen sixties

one of the interesting things they did
was to modify and she knows g<u>e</u> six

thirty five thirty to six forty five

that had it brings a protection and
their management

it reads a protection were triggered
whenever you executed as sensitive

instruction

that instruction tracked down to the
colonel software and said who r u what

are you doing here when instruction he
tried to execute and what makes you

think you have the authority to do that

and all the colonel would decide whether
or not you were actually allowed to

execute the instruction in place in the
appropriate reign of control so as you

got down to ring zero who have more more
control over machine this is an example

of hardware and software working
together to reinforce security

we actually have that capability in the
x_-eighty six trips but nobody's

programming

and they should be good to know so
that's one example of hardware

reinforcing security

with software

um... the same thing is just happened
recently with uh... violence with

digitally signed by house

we can execute people program comes in
the operating system and less

the digital signature on the five scone

checks out with her

it's another example of getting more
reinforcements

okay hundred skip down to the
interplanetary Internet so we've heard

about this it was just an update on the
status

when we started we were interested in
providing better networking for

uh... exploring mars

this was in nineteen ninety just after
the pathfinder project

waited smallholder on mars very
successfully

the information that was coming back
with strip directly from apple or over a

wave after through the deep space
network

and so my colleagues and i had the jet
propulsion laboratory ki

what should we be doing

and we will need twenty five years from
now in order to provide better

networking for uh... p

uh... space

faring nations

and out we very quickly concluded we
should use rich networking like Internet

no we said well maybe we can use the
c<u>p</u>i_ p hearts on earth so maybe work

on mars too

and of course i will work on mars but it
doesn't work between the planets

because of the variable delay which
could be up to twenty minutes one way

forty minutes roundtrip and also
destruction

in the plan is a rotating we have
figured out how to stop that

sup so if you're talking to something on
the surface of the planet rotates or

maybe there's an order

you can talk a little it comes back
around again

so we end up with this variable the land
destruction environment p<u>c</u>p_ is broke

in that regard

so we developed a new initially
protocols we call the bottle protocol

in recent years we didn't come up with
very beautifully done kentucky fried

chicken noodle called hotbed birds
period

just not really giving some final phone
call isn't your planetary world unit

protocol is winter

it'll run on basically anything that
moves a packet of dates from one place

to another runs on top of p<u>c</u>p_ dealers
on top of the vp hearings and cut by p

was on top of point-to-point links

do we get after looking for a regions of
the design of the system

we install it uh... for experimental
purposes uh... but let me go back

there there was you know in two thousand
four

over several and in order to him

very successfully spirit and opportunity

one of them I'd forget which fear is has
died

i can read one of his dad the other one
is uh... still producing data

but when they were uh... first landed
they were supposed to transmit data

directly back to earth away pathfinder
did

but those radios overheat

and the result is that they needed to
reduce the duty cycle to keep it from

armenia itself or any other equipment
was originally rated at twenty eight

august second

and that was nearly scientists were not
happy about that

when we told we have to reduce the duty
cycle they worry more than happy about

that

and so one of the engineer said well
there's an expand radio on the rover

there's an expand radio on orders which
have been put in place in orders

uh... certainly the planet to decide
where the rover should go but they

finish that tested evidence in orbit

and they had available communications
can computing in memory

so the the orders and the rover
reprogrammed

to take data that you collected squared
up to the order when i got into

with replacement ball into the data for
the transmitted data back

uh... to the deep space network

the data rate going on the expand radial
isn't when he told it's the second

pakistan grading and two fifty six

and uh... the orders since they have a
large solar arrays and didn't have any

problem

even within rowers atmosphere

could transmit data back it more than
two hundred twenty kept a second

so all the data that was coming back
from our school in store for

packet switching

today demonstration of how well that
could work

dirt that landed in the year two
thousand eight was in the north pole

didn't have a configuration of three
factors so they went through the relay

again

belly-up the protocols to be a proxy
spacecraft which is in order in the sun

that had wonderful with two counts

it was called deep impact originally in
the new new mission bringing to the

party

so if as the protocols on board

rovers at the protocols board your
orders at the protocols word

international space station has
protocols work

we're operating basically rudimentary
interplanetary network now

and so what's happening is that at nasa

efforts to standardize these protocols

internationally through the consul
canadian space data systems

were hoping that everybody will adopt
the protocols use them in their missions

or even if they don't use among the
nations of the salmon on board so when

those missions are done

purpose those devices is known as an
interplanetary back and so we might

actually see something

like that

uh... over you know many decades

now some people said well you know why
are you doing supports one answers

provide which options for more complex
missions with multiple

uh... spacecraft in orbit intend on
foreign you know in orbit

around the sun for example were flying
out of the solar system

or possibly on the surface in fact we
get into example of that

a couple of months ago out of the
european space agency in cooperation

with the uh... u<u>s</u>

did may test from the uh...
international space station

using the interplanetary protocols to
control the rover on the ground in

germany

so while we were demonstrating is one of
the white if you were in orbit around

mars

and you need to control over remotely

it was close enough to was real-time
interaction so the protocols

although they can deal with uh...
variable delay are also perfectly ok

disliking vp

fine

so you have a wonder will go right so
that might help build more complex

missions

but i have one of the reason for doing
this

barbour released a contract last year
for half a million dollars

to a consortium to design a spacecraft
they can get to the nearest star in a

hundred years

that's for reflectors away alpha
centauri

and so uh... i'm lucky to be part of
that consortium in their three problems

problem number one is propulsion

uh... it turns out that uh... the
current propulsion systems would take

about

sixty five thousand years to get from
earth to alpha centauri

which is a little won't even for a
darker project

so the question is how do i get up to
about twenty percent the speed of light

an ally the way we need to william
slowdown before we get together and

otherwise we'll get one image in indian
than expected

so the idea of what you saw them in
going forward so we have to reaches

speed of about twenty percent speed of
light midpoint fifty years and then be

able to console them

to get to work at the evidence that's
one problem

navigation is another problem

uh... imagine you know that when we do
interplanetary projects now

usually the spacecraft get to a certain
point in the mission and you have to do

in the course sections and we do that is
interactively

not not not literally real-time we send
the correction information we get back

to information about the change in me

uh... flight path

now imagined for doing this for the
space craft that's not what your way

so it takes a year for the information
you get there another year for you to

find out whether or not worker

instant feel like it was real
interactive on

so i got worried about that until
somebody pointed out that ecom proper

motion stars that are within about ten
litres of

our solar system was actually pretty
woman

which means that we can do in homestead
additional slightly

as we can use stars there much farther
away

as a way of calibrating where we are and
then use that to make a mid-course

corrections

so that i was easy that this
communication

how big the generators signal it would
be detectable order

from for your support

uh... you know and also you have to
deliver the equipment to for lives away

so you have some limitations on message
you can send

so i've been thinking well maybe eh...
femtosecond lasers mentioned you have a

hundred what

power supply and compress a hundred one
signals ten minus fifteen seconds and

should give you pretty good

since then

without even if it's a laser beam isn't
being spread

over four lightyear distance and i get
this very attenuated bohat false

attenuated downsizings sewer systems and
now you know i need the interplanetary

backbone

is so i can do the synthetic aperture
receiver to detect the signal coming

from an office in time

one of the physicist said wait a minute
there's another when it is that

you know that he that he will be online
stone figure some serious right

so he said if you go fired fifty
astronomical units away from the senate

you begin to get the point where the
gravity will form a focal point

fulfilling

so we can just get equipment five and
fifty a year out from her

then we can use the focal uh...
gravitational lands of the sun in order

to focus the signal is coming office in
time

so that certain current idea building
planetary

answered style

system intergalactic it's somebody
else's trial

file i i'm sorry when i sent him a
little bit

speaking talent dizzy and sick about
this

i happen to spend some time in two and a
biol forgive you if you all the center

of the way

but i think in any case for coming to
google c

mister thank you so much prestige for
another great speech you gave last year

uh... presented by

you'll stop

understand you're and said sorry start
work here

those are are real meals problems a real
problem is that we can find in our

discussion

to those words we actually banda
thinking in uh... in ways that general

solely anyone masses espy's march

urich

uh... if metallic style security xy i
have actually has interactions with the

department of homeland security which is
actually doing an experiment with the

sacristy

notion

so that i don't know how far they've
gotten into releasing

functionality to make it available but
my understanding is that they see the

need for

uh... the order to avoid the

small businesses to have a place to go
home to get help

because the building helped me get today
tends to be

antivirus operating download which does
help to some degree but all of you sure

very familiar with

daisy row attacks which are increasingly
common

and the other thing i worry about
specifically is the response to suffer

tak

if you have a young uh... an attack
wishing let's take it distributed in the

home services

uh... if you're interested in responses
i'm going to wipe out this drives a

volvo machines that are attacking me

turns out those machines are probably
owned by citizens

who don't know their machines are
infected

and be able to wipe out this transit you
know a million people

some of those uh... machines were
important for daily operation

and suddenly we have found ourselves and
for

so that can't be right answers so we
have to think our way through our

carefully about how we attribute the
source

and what we do about the case where

the actual attacking devices are not
under the control actually abusers

that is still a lot of work to be done

saying yeah i think in the beginning you
mentioned uh... the next big thing

possibly people using a device is used
to do

x<u>y</u>z_ likely music on the same room

uh... play video record surveillance is
tough on you use your more thoughts

about about that i'm market myself

what he said that though

so what you know one of the things that
i find interesting different one figure

question suggest

imagine you're driving in the car

and uh... you are asking questions like
how do i get to this destination

uh... the voice message may go to a
speech understanding system

but the answer may come back on the
navigational display on the car everyone

that using two devices at the same time

the way that the system navigational
system

knows uh... what is the address of the
occasional displays that the system is

taking her voice is also telling the
destination here the other devices in

the car

how about you walk into a hotel room

animal that was turned on

animal well discovers a high-resolution
display that below instead of showing

everything on the train eagle's wing of
the mobile now suddenly put it up on a

large high-resolution

so these are all kinds things that i'm
imagine we could do

access control is clearly an issue do
you want to be lady do that the other

dining room next door doesn't want to
look at what's on his mama

uh... on your high-resolution display so
it's clear that we have to do something

make sure

uh... things are promptly control

weird question over here but i a north
microphone just a minute

thank you for being here and thank you
for your contributions mister sir

uh... my questions pertaining to see and
following

seeing ccp underlying sockets interested

two point

seriously

single stream transport consistent
inorder messaging astrology field is the

right choice speed communicate so first
of all answers

that one of the reasons that insulin
saying is you can't intended for

and so and many party p has one for
example h<u>t</u>t<u>p</u> city and town at pcp

but others are just you pcp

so committed question no i don't think
the p<u>c</u>p_ is the only thing she begins

it's a astonishing to me that it has
actually serviced us as well as it

happens

when you think about it's set of
constraints and everything else

but a lot of what happens on the net is
uh... that that uses pcp

does not necessarily use it for
subsequent actions so they're uniquely

streams

party p streams that are activated by
the web based h<u>t</u>t<u>p</u>

uh... activates a string delivery which
is not over jcp it may be over different

protocol

and that's all the right thing

here i think here is to have protocols
that are

appropriate to the application that
you're looking for

uh... so i'm actually encourage people

to i'll take advantage of fact the
Internet is so open to try things out

there's nothing that's not to directly
from on building a whole new set of

applications

and we see this kind there's a good
example of that where they simply

download an application

when you use it

instead of

you know anything else in mind that mail

uh... so handing out frankly I'd be
happy to see people invented protocols

and do a better job for something soon
ccp candy

is so amazing to me and it's been so
robust orchestrated time

out

action how do you think about privacy

like well all

hard times used he he

in the future is party can be the most
valuable assets

and that using a commonweal percentages
stations to the usage of the state

so is it that well first of all we are
intent

we aware of the importance of preserving
priority and privacy and weak

paid dearly for a couple of mistakes
that happen

elected incidental collection of
information when we were doing street

view

i think though that privacy is becoming
increasingly hard to protect

the reason is not because who has
information we will fight very hard for

to maintain your privacy we have
resisted government demand

for information more actively and many
other companies and also a whole

a lot of information

but we do it ourselves and we take
pictures of them allows we upload onto

the website

some people are discovered being in
places where they were doing the people

you put the pictures that we do this to
every friend but it isn't your friend

somebody

was not a

on your facebook or something somebody
else's fault jobs at a party said he

wasn't there america's in trouble
because picture a

so the issue here is learning what part
social conventions should be

to deal with the fact that we have said
privacy invasion

uh... teja lodging available to us

on the google site

we do use the data to help figure out
how to target as we're very up front

about that

but we don't give the day than anybody
else

some people nationally our business
model is saldana value to somebody else

is not needed

your data is inside our system and it
stays there you can get all the data

back if you want to

but what is important is that we use the
information to deliver advertising

which is our business model and
everybody knows that

hoping that that information to guess
you will actually be of interest to you

so the purpose behind the information
that we're

accumulating

uh... is to deliver advertising which is
more over to you then than just build

blanket at

and for many people that kind of
advertising is actually don't you think

that like advertising it feels like
useful

and say

i can't hear it

hoboken given the microphone

thank you it's a good sense of those
data using honest i think i think it was

well let's see if i were politician i
would say that's a hypothetical and i

don't wanna go ahead

but it seems to me that that uh... the
data is so important and so uh...

resilient reviews firstly mystery
present

uh... that we would in one trial

if we did that i don't think company
would survive the trip response

so i'm doubtful certainly the current

absolutely record

okay we have time for just or more

still ahead is that none of them

uh... thanks again for the talks

juggle is always of my partner should
actually follows up with a couple go of

regarding uh... that the future of sort
of uh... Internet protocols at best but

dynamic nishant works

uh... certainly you know we have muscles
of mobile phones here but if the g<u>s</u>

ever wifi goes down the kind of useless
um... and certainly for places where

s<u>a</u>t_ jeopardy and that you know
backbone was ticket down toward a crisis

situation where the infrastructure has
available the phones and most of these

devices are not programs to talk to
things that aren't next to so uh... i

mean yet from what they've done uh...

standpoint you know what was said to be
involved in giving them so i really love

the idea

but while i was still fairly visiting
many dancing on the s

we prepared a report on public safety
networking and that was exactly one of

the things we pointed out

this type of a safety net actors to use
l<u>t</u>v_

and when things are normally okay that's
probably all right

but at some point when you have to train
our you know sandy here we have some

other kind of that

man made or otherwise

infrastructure may not be there are all
than for example made even his air can't

get any of the gasoline or daniel or
what have you the diesel fuel

direct generators

i would really love the idea that our
devices could be linked together in a

message that were

i think that that's helped the system
argues that homework citizen mesh

network it's automatically some format

i'm a big fan cooperating that
capability into on our devices now

keep in mind that privacy suggest that
we should be encrypting anyway and in

order to take advantage of that

you certainly don't want to use a mesh
network in which everybody gets taken by

a hot dogs and mixed metaphors

when you try to get one

at the baseball game

so uh... you really want to be able to
use and doing capability that i would

really like the idea incorporating that

that would make for much more resilient
system

selling the picture

okay maybe two more than that i'm ready
to go who's got the money

following up on that

uh... it seems that most of our
programming languages ritually

antiquated their dirtier towards
programming a single clock misco

computer

and not on the distributed uh... not not
about

taking advantage of distribution and
that's

patents levels of complex and what do
you see I'd heard of a great language

today bloom coming up quickly

experimental in which a morning what
else and i personally a big banner

relying which is twenty years old

uh... and everybody sees between ketchup
relying so wbc so i don't actually see a

number of things going on first of all

we have program on what the court
systems

m that in itself is a challenge

uh... the clock speeds are not to keep
going up in the otherwise chips a little

because too much power goes into them so

uh... we have to deal with that already
have a google was well that other thing

is that uh...

i really like the idea doing parallel
processing

but look at what we've been able to do
in a very

on way where we split some tests out

usable parallel strains

that doesn't require any special
programming to do that seti at home

and the protein folding

uh... activity who simply parity of
simple

single processor

software insists it is being executed
simultaneously allied member systems

a lot of our applications at the same

we we taped testimony waited up into
large numbers of karo

uh... processes

that don't require simultaneously is of
course each corresponding in some

operation

we've been able to get away with that
for the kinds of applications that we

had

but when we start getting into
large-scale simulations now it is to be

very different because then you end up

having uh... either single instruction
stream running against a over i a m data

that's uh... seven s i n d

sings traffic stream oracle data stream

or what you're thinking family more
structures statement strings there are

languages for that

but some of them are really archaic one
of those called put near the grand

amelia four back in the nineteen
seventies

nobody can figure out how to program
usually hard goodyear sounds like

something that very few people couldn't
even speak

seven or something

thousand a day

uh... so i suspect that there is real

for serious sulfur language development

and it's a challenge for a cm its
members to start pushing direction

someone actually uh... hope for

that platforms that are going to become
available will return with force us into

thinking new kinds of programming
parents

some of them are result her a-level
languages

which highlights some of the underlying
simplicity complexity

of the systems

so idea

and maybe you have some ideas to pursue
that better but if you go and others do

it sure hope that you make a note to the
competency cm

so we can

one morning and we really need a break

his uh... you can follow up on some of
the things you mentioned about ah...

intellectual property and and

i'm curious about your views on the
roles of accuser of the government

releasing you know more of its own
essentially

uh... at peak is that there is this new
is yet another ticket order about uh...

that came from the white house about

releasing opened it and through the
economic potential molly options roundup

in data uh... hasn't been a lot of
activity a on that front and there's a

lot more activity on open source in
government as well combat but it can be

kind of nixon's uh... um... basis

uh... you know as an example i was i was
reading at some history uh... of arpan

and there is an example of

um... bbn which i guess was one of those
who've been companies involved being

hesitant release

the uh... stars could i'm behind the
uh... i decided to use the packet

switching computers um... and eventually
that you know that uh... turn around and

and stands up and

but i'm curious to know what if you're
the government what it would really you

know how do you find the balance between
whose opportunist to use it as

established in open platform that people
can bowl economic you know

cap on top of and abductees verses he
did something small you just you know

it's just a quality piece of software
it's less important what you see of the

sort of opportunities the bounce
immigration well at first of all a

little in this uh... big failure opening

uh... access to publications opening
sister gave reducing

it was a stiffer and ways to do that not
just a city cm properties

uh... also in the big thing

of trying to preserve information i
mentioned that earlier the digital no

ideas is that one of those

uh... i think the increasingly

we're going to find people and capable
of writing their own software we

wouldn't have remember when spreadsheets
came out way back when they're in their

yes in the early eighties

everybody became programmers of
spreadsheets and they had been formally

trained to write software

don't go to imagine that as we work our
way up into higher higher level and

which is that more and more people will
have the ability to either to write

their own software or share

with each other

out so if i think that unless we get
into this uh... dabbled

preventing people from sharing their
software work sharing what they their

their intellectual property

uh... we'll have a higher probability of
uh...

being able to take advantage of
everybody's

skills

via writing software that's open this
more likely

you source models i don't know whether
they disagree organic

anderson companies that

uh... that right software that are
largely funded by government and it's

and and the softer is not open uh...
over in the same is not open right so so

well i can tell you that distant cut
this short to the records get outta here

the government's already spoken at least
itself

and the white house

well s<u>d</u>p_ saying

the government sponsored stuff

needs to be system

well you know there are a whole bunch of
questions about winners of the excessive

over the world to take the get to retain
the data

per period of time for you start your
own

but commercial rights are argument

that shows up

uh... when you have government contracts

and grants and things of that kind and
that's a negotiated side if these

government goes the way it seems to be
in eight years in prison

for people who were working under
government grant to make available with

them

if the general public will still be an
argument over commercial lines

and so this is not a trivial thing to
respond to that certainly the trend

right now sockets and her

okay that's all the time we got a
ninety-two students but thank you very

much