evening thank you for coming out to dc acm's may presentation
on reinventing the Internet
i'm andrew conkland cherokee cac_ m
it's my pleasure to welcome you to google dc
I'd like to take a moment here to think that people in the dissident possible
starting with the car let anthony's and google pc
I'd also like to think the chapter board for helping to put this on and
all the communication they did
in fact that lake all of them
stand up right now
to show who they are
so feel free a
uh... please be sure to grab one of a man to chat with him after this is over
also that the bank Internet Society for
uh... the live stream tonight
and of course uh... the Internet
for making this possible
if not for the Internet we would be a running events through large
bureaucratic committees
snail mail
and we would more than
close we've more closely adhered to the by-laws of dc a cm
uh... that's a half joke
uh... the association for computing machinery or a cm dot org is an
educational scientific computing society for academics and practitioners in
computing
it consists of international chapters conferences workshops
special interest groups
uh... professional development resources an additional library of white papers
uh... our chapter
are chapters focus is
presented appear which is
bringing uh... presentations from academic institutions
uh... into the community
professional development for appears
and participation in the in our local community
for the party
term is almost up uh... this year and i want to talk a couple of couple
highlights
we've had some very interesting presentations in the past year
here's a short list of them
most recently computer vision with
docked with doctor larry davis at the university of maryland
very good talk uh... soft
cleansing intrusion tolerance wasn't the one i had no idea about and that was
about uh...
virtual machines flops within
within minutes and then it within forty five seconds
with data persistence it was a very very compelling taught
and then there's a couple others here knowledge discovery now analysis
organizational social capital
we also a little while back we had a dinner with richard solomon
of the free software foundation
that was so sick at dinner
and now here's a couple of stats so the species yummy dot group we started about
a year ago we now have forty porn twenty eight members
there's another meet up group we've been running called bcn idols which is an
after-hours
working community
self-starter meets once a week
about a forty attendees we had a a congressman come out couple weeks ago
is having us into uh... the capitol building com complex for core concession
and there's a lot of interesting doers and salsa orders that are building
business ventures
hobbyists freelance
and other committee other every week
recommend checking it out
and then from i three and a half years here helping with the cac_ emma have a
couple of takeaways
very obvious ones it would seem on paper
uh... the first one is
helped many people around you
uh... through putting on talks in putting on professional development
courses
a lot of people benefit from it
and you can do that through this chapter
the more people people to help
and you grow because of it
suv that leads into the next slide
which is
called for
she sees him board numbers candidates
that santa and in a couple days
and we are going to have our elections next month month as well
and I'd like to take a moment here to secretly have a community announcement
they'd like to make
extender
i put flyers out on the table out front this is for the
university of maryland human-computer interaction a lab thirty s annual
symposium coming up next week in college park ec aisles been doing leading edge
interface work for decades ob engine item and found that the the lab it's now
on its third fourth director it's a great event and the flyers out there if
you can't get a flyer disability i olson posey 'em and you'll find a link to it
administers the keller
amanda ceo_ and founder of programming
uh... it's a new
all-female software training program in dc
uh... cell and going to be hosting workshops
and a full ten week uh... programming fellowship
for women's learn
on how to code in python so if anyone is interested in that town looking for
supporters
uh... hiring organizations and student self company after its just
and jeff alexander i'm actually on the board all of the um... technology
transfer society of dc
and we're actually having an event at lunch on wednesday called code breakers
include makers john hume into is a long time and please now as i will talk about
those and other people involved in world war two
code development and code breaking uh... in the war if that the nazis
uh... lessons we can learn about how to manage innovation from that experience
so it sat down southeast universe user universities association which is just
over here up on a block away out google tech transfer society dc chapter no
find thanks
payments to a breeze a massive from dc government
dc more nurses that helped support tech sector
public original basin is that we've got to work with some terms here
let me know if you have in a bit company or if you
and
sobered by the sponsors
i'm mike nelson slumber government and i'm also very involved in society dc
chapter
we're very glad to be
providing live streaming here but we're also wanted to announce that next
thursday twenty-third morning we're doing an event at the center for
strategic and international studies geopolitics Internet governance
why other people want to take that away from us
higham shown themselves and you know it's uh... to the community dc adjust
general announcements we have some very interesting things going on one were
working with
uh... teach you to reduce so it's kind of exciting to do that
and uh... we also have some interesting things going on we're working with
partnering with the smithsonian soon
uh... we uh... have a couple of that's coming up soon
visit our data kennedy dc dot org page
uh... we'd have
so if i feel like the governor from texas
i forgot
but there's a lot of great lots going on there like you to check it
pickett
without a for the delay in its my own urge introduce tonight speaker
dr irvine surface served as vice president chief Internet evangelists for
google since october two thousand five
surf is a former senior vice president technology strategy for mci_
widely known as one of the fathers of the Internet surf is the code designer
of the t cpi_ p protocols in the architecture of the Internet
he performed this work during his tenure with the us department of defense is
advanced research projects agency
surface acquired numerous uh... accolades over the years in ninety four
he was listed in people magazine's twenty five most intriguing people
ninety seven you received the us national medal of technology by
president clinton
two thousand for the cm
during award
two thousand five the presidential medal of freedom by president bush
and twenty thirteen years appointed by president obama to serve on the national
science port
that doctor men served has either started chairs or is currently a fellow
at virtually every reputable Internet technology related association on the
planet
if you're looking for a conversation starter ask him about leonard nimoy
jet propulsion laboratory
and what it's like to be married before the Internet existed
ladies and gentlemen it's with great privilege
i ask you please join me in welcoming the president of the association for
computing machinery
doctor vincent
well thank you welcome to the uh... google bc daycare center coffee knows
all the primary colors everything else
uh... it's really pressure to really is it's a story for me started please that
the uh... htm chapter
came to us and yesterday was that possible
and i certainly appreciate Internet society sound
strain of this uh... activity
uh... this is a special kind of event for me in a way because three of the
organizations that i care a great deal about are represented here high stock
service
first president
pcm racers current president
uh... where i served as one of the past presidents of uh... means a lot to me to
see all three of these organizations
uh... collaborating together tonight's event
uh... i thought i would mention one thing before the committee formal
presentation
uh... that nineteen ninety-four of people magazine thing was a bit of a
surprise to me i don't quite know how the figured out that that was because
Internet was not terribly widely known the general public it was
this is world wide web site show up
but uh... the irony of all this is that my wife
lost her she was three
got to call their implants won in ninety six and one in two thousand six ten
years later
her story a soldier manickam wonderfully compelling that they sent the photos
came out for three days traffickers he got sixties people
in nineteen ninety eight and that's always been the source of your
suggestion in the house alone i haven't been able to get back in again
seconds and what to do it
mission is that uh... that you'll be pleased i hope to know
that Internet and the world wide web have been rescued
it's bright store
uh... source as a major engineering achievement
dot that we think of the ec internal organs being nobel prize in computer
science but there isn't anything for engineering
well system
there is a queen elizabeth props for engineering it was uh... established
last year
is warranted
every two years to uh...
obtuse now up to five people originally up to three
uh... but now it's up to five it's a one million pound crimes that's about a
million and a half dollars
by honda conversely mark increasing
uh...
leaders are
all were announces winners of the first
team field uh...
hearing his
and what is done
very ironic is that
my wife and are moving to london for six months it for uh... some work for global
and
less than a week
after we arrived in
we won't have lunch with the lord mayor of london
we will go on it and still line with the prime minister
then we will go house where we
need queen elizabeth and she will be and each of us a check for two hundred
thousand pairs
and that's all
threat
is it work
fun tonight when i thought i would do is just give you a sense for database of
the current state of the Internet which most of you if you are very familiar
with
so the transit we can already see are happy to its only if occasions of those
trends
and then some of the problems places that we all have with him
not only in interest and i feel responsible for pursuing
let's let's start this was some simple statistics
uh... these data rather out of date I'd andy organizations that have been
producing them had not pleased to my knowledge produced anything more reason
although the last time i was a couple weeks ago so that i could be wrote about
that
but the on nine hundred million devices that are visible on the net with uh...
domain names and generally speaking fixed ip addresses are the servers
that are on the system they don't count their laptops desktops and other things
that are episodic reconnected if you add all those
uh... then you're getting close to the two-and-a-half three billion devices of
others in any way for us to actually you know that for sure there's no central
registry for many that in terms of the number of users in mid year last year
was two point four billion my guess is it could be easy to argue that there are
three billion users now behind
uh... it's all part of town because the six-and-a-half billion role models that
are out there
uh... some fraction may be on the order of twenty percent today and probably
fifty or hundred-percent figures from them
uh... will that help and support from capability and they'll be able to reach
unity and so a lot of people
are getting onto the Internet with their first experience
from a while and for many of them may stay that way
although as time goes on has cost them their as new technologies arise more and
more people have multiple devices they can use to interact with the network
so one meaning that I'd like to leave you with tonight is that i believe that
our
early uh... experience interacting with that one device at the time
will change over time and that we will be using mobile devices concurrently
to make use of the net i'm wearing blue
glass today last is connected to the Internet
uh... actor and often display keep being distracted but if i cap it on the side
uh... it says uh... is waiting for me to say something so i'll say okay class
take a picture
it just took the pictures from the people here this is a voice-activated
device intracranial read about it
uh... we expect to have about with two thousand mountain news today were
wrapping up to ten thousand by the end the year
and then we don't
they're not being sold directly people have to apply it may have to offer a a a
description of what it is a proposed new what we're interested in doing is
getting these in the hands of people actually investigators say applications
uh... this week so essendon pay for the use of the fifteen hundred dollars each
today
I'd have no clue what it's going to look like in two thousand fourteen to one
posted as the quantities increase the price p
potentially come down
so these are yet again another time device connected to the net and one
thing and tonight's discussion is increasing number of m
propriety of devices that are part of the Internet environment
interesting statistic again this familiar last year
is where people are we're using the net
uh... ten years ago north america was absolutely gorgeous number of users and
as penetration of stalinist penetration
at slightly under uh... eighty percent
but he said has the absolute large number of users in china has the largest
number users pretty in any one country they have five hundred billion flight
five hundred million people
half a billion people
are our online in china today that's the only on the order
maybe four percent population
so you can imagine what that look like when we get to
eighty percent of several uh... more than a billion people
on their china so it's interesting you know we hear all these stories about
the chinese eh... attacks on the napkin
sa which are presumably on true
but at the same time is fair to note that the
country is making a huge investment in building Internet infrastructure
so one interesting question from the sociological point of view was what
happens
when they have this enormous fraction of the population although i know he will
use the system it will be exchange information with each other
how does that change
the machines view and i don't know the answer to that but think this is and
we're watching it very very interesting
sociological experiment with technology taking place before our eyes this decade
unfolds
i think this is going to be among the more interesting affect student
observed
europe is the next four just in absolute number of users although you know
there's a penetration rate is uh... below the north america
but i've given up making any predictions about europe because they keep getting
countries to the definition of europe
change and i don't know what it looks like two years ago
and the other side
those who are the
you can see
that in africa we're still
uh... only modestly penetrated this numbers is misleading though because i
think that that we have seen a very rapid growth of mobile homes
in africa i don't know what fraction of them are Internet cable
probably cell fraction twenty percent thirty percent or something
and what we're seeing is uh...
individuals or small samples
uh... willing to pay get on and network or at least again
which is a significant fraction bearer monthly income
and yet they they do this because of the time
and so when people who make up stories about what people do with mobile phones
in africa
and they have things like you're getting prices in the city certainly figure
hours starcraft best
you know asap
fact is that they're just slightly higher european social networking review
all the other things we do
of all the data rates that they have available or more limited so some things
they don't drive streaming video
until the data rates are adequate
but their use is not terribly different than ours except order patients are on
the whole conditions
well this look now at the current Internet and see what's happening to
uh... everybody determines well aware that we ran out of uh... conversion for
interest rates
in february of two thousand one
and uh... that uh... was sort of um...
i don't know that it was an embarrassment for box i mean there was a
interesting surprised
weblink refers to in the design in nineteen seventy three forty years ago
and the question came up how how many addresses should be out on this
experimental Internet
it we didn't know the answer to that so we said well let's see
how many computers will there be a per country
at the time we were doing this machines we are using were big drinker machines
we thought we could meet into any of those they take a boiler room in there
expensive but we said let's go
be crazy about we allocate twenty four bits of address space for the machine
sixteen million
you know what we thought was mainframes per country croats overjoyed
billy said how many countries are there
we didn't know there was no need to look it up
sold stuff
itself the weekly guest company cartoon
so uh... added that he said well i mean
it's already per country and i thought well just got the organ it wasn't
exactly expensive yet
so maybe they'll be cooper country
you know it's worked for competition so we said twenty taxes two fifty six i
take this plus twenty four
thirty two-bit
we actually debated late nineteen seventy seven just as the Internet
protocols were being standardized whether we expanded our space what we
wanted very awake addresses in the programmers hated the idea to sing waste
computer seconds finding difficult in the packet because the gurgling
to india
uh... then somebody said how about our twenty-two
address space at the time we were on a fifty to a bit backbone
and the band frankly an awful lot of these changes were fully flex
interactions character a character a complex
it over again
one character going back forth with two hundred fifty six bases source and
destination address
investment semi
there was not there to visit enough we all have scared in the mid-nineteen
ninety houston started uh... work on what was going to be calling png_ for
next year
eventually that uh...
produce the ideally six address please bob blendon others has developed
one hundred twenty eight bits and pieces sell in a very far away
has been using
are no Internet
and tone down the production version is now open for any officially released on
june sixth two thousand twelve
i have favored a list of everyone of you if you will go to whichever eyes pe
surprising with Internet address please and ask them what the jury piece explain
when can i get i could be six this is important
because it's very very slow
in terms of penetration mostly because the irs_ user about terror
a lot of their software is already capable routers havent
ups_ devices have hiking he sticks to the ice peter turning out there saying
in
disingenuous
nobody's asking for course and asking for ordered users don't know what he for
eighty six it is
mission hefty
when you do and so if you will help us embarrass them or force in the too many
people were asking for anything you want to thank you for that
yeah uh...
does try to explain what the implications of a hundred and twenty
eight two dresses are remember saying time that that every electronic universe
could have its own web page
until somebody from cal tech blog renouncing got cancer futures teddy
electrons in the universe in europe by fifty orders of magnitude
so i don't say that anymore
uh... yeah
thing is happening is that the maintains its been bitten in latin characters you
know
can be written in dot characters in it
using the income
carousel which coming two hundred thousand more characters
that same universities using html amex and all four of the web so that makes
weapons meaning system much more compatible
i cut hike in the Internet corporation for signings and overseas and initiated
program of expansion of the generic top-level domains
over two thousand applications were received
for these units many or conflict because people saint martin's
but uh... certainly on the order of fifteen hundred of them
uh... are unique
and the question you know it's which ones will actually become all registered
as top-level domains that process is simple
so this is a major expansion
uh... the namespace
belly all the standard any system has a number of or abilities
uh... one of which is uh... poisoning of the uh...
nameserver cash
and so in order to get rid of borja geetac and inhibit out the effects of
that kind of poison
database system security uh...
uh... architecture's being deployed basically it's just been reciting abhi
binding between the two main ninety address
so when you look up to translate you dress you can ask for site response
if you get a correct response back
such exim in cricket jackson
uh... is uh...
uh... matches what you expect
then at least you have some confidence in the integrity of the bundy someone
hasn't gone in
modified that binding or factored into claims
because they don't have the private tv would have been used to sign
that cancer that's being deployed around the entire rooms and is signed
and a number of the second radio talk over the means
ourself
and some of the second your side as well
a similar idea uh... has come up with regard to the routing system
no remember that this whole thing was developed in a time when it was mostly
geeks who are doing work in a trust each other
now we're in an environment where you can't do that anymore so it would have
to retrofit
mechanisms that will deal with
possible components
indication running system basically in order to become part of the net
dissonant notes that you have
you're responsible for keeping track of the address space total system number
or
and uh... my idea of this uh...
spaces this
and that propagates around through the routing system the problem is you come
on
and when you lie about this and you look like a somebody says estates
in order to defend against that it has been proposed that night it implemented
there we go with a similar kind of digital binding doing some reading
between the eco-system number
in the idea just based which it is responsible for
so that when you're doing well and updates you can actually check to see
where the parties use animals in the states actually has the authority
there's some complexity this because not all routing announcements come from the
edge
they propagated through the net so some of the announcements are coming from
and so you have to be able to verify that the whole chain
announcement is actually down
and so that makes it somewhat more complicated which is why hasn't been
deployed yet
it's in the process of being
now i'm going to talk more about sensor networks
the smartly program and mobile devices so this is just a reminder again
in our Internet environment these treatments are rapidly
uh... filling up
system
now we all anchor recognize that devices are showing up on the net i certainly
had anticipated
uh... he's actually uh... this is an order striking out the picture larry
page where you go class as another Internet enabled device
but i can remember being very surprised if somebody came in and said to me
they had just ended an animal picture frame
yet and i couldn't imagine what would that mean all i think it was it sounds
as useless as a electric for kickball
uh... but in fact it's obviously uh... very useful and many of us at the gym
we have a wellesley upload or pictures to website pictures are downloaded into
the
with the end of the uh...
Internet naval picture frame
and we have an opportunity to watch what's going on in the family so it's
kind of a crude form of uh... a little closer face book inouye insist personal
its opponents actually rather nice for the grandparents because he can upload
pictures of the grandchildren
nieces and nephews
and see what they're doing bellevue way this works you know who is in the
downloads the frame down those images from some website so now securities
issue because of the website gets hacked the grandparents may see pictures of
what we hope is not the grand jury
so now we have to worry about insecurity at home as well as it org
uh... there are things that look like telephones that are really voice over at
the devices
uh... the guy in the middle has built an Internet enabled surfboard
uh... i don't know about how did it and send him water waiting for the next wave
thinking you know i had a laptop myself or it could be surfing the Internet away
let's let's do it as a laptop in this report
and uh... and then go for the wifi service back to the rescue check on the
beach
myself as a surprise
so if you want to go surf the net while you're aware this is for you
paisa tells us that everyone over the world will someday have an idea dress
and i can tell jokes about that anymore because somebody sent me and ideally six
radio naval
led_ whitehall
uh... and works
uh... i have a a tv sets at work writing in the house and you can turn
the lights are but that will get it
uh... the interesting thing is that uh...
this
no one can you turn it off green collars programmer
you can interrogate find out
so these sorts of things are becoming reality
so if you on
have only imagine this is a science fiction of speculation it is not
are in fact uh... you know i just realized something
he'd seen inside hiding behind it
okay hiking
uh...
so uh... this is my sense is that at home
uh... this is an iv six radio net it's uh... commercial pops is not mean that
in the garage over the side of him
uh... the communities is on trial
which is a partner at cisco systems a couple of years ago
scissor site all wingers
their sampling
the uh...
uh... like level
humidity and temperature in each room in the house
every five minutes
and that is propagated through this network sensors so the sensors are
actually store forward realize
they're running six votes
and i i p e six on top of that
and so the date is accumulated in the server an interactive based
so you're only he can do this right dot and my father once that is the end of
the year i will have very good information about how well he had been
awake and air conditioning
instead of anecdotal information may have
real uh... engineering data story
is an engineering like that
now one of the house is the one side
so that one is a log as the temperature goes above sixty degrees fahrenheit
i get 'em uh... nasa now some of the laptop
what is warming up
i remember going into love
lawrence not little argonne national laboratory
effort three day visit just as i was walking into the building all of those
opportunities dot com
uh... you know that you just broke into the sixties resign barrier no one was
home at the time
and so every five minutes for the next three days i kept getting this little
message the airline is winding up
so i called your truck guys they said you have remote actuators he said yes
they say they have strong authentication on them because i have a
fifteen-year-old next door to go on and messing with my
wine cellar and he said yes so that's the weekend project to install
benedetto thinking you know i can probably tell somebody has gone into the
winds are blowing away cuz i can see the lexicon of her
but i don't know what they didn't care
so ok solution to this
is to put our fit_ chips on the spot
what then i can do an instantaneous inventory to see that is why it is what
the seller without my permission
and down I'd miss it
describing this look brilliant design you and your friends and he told me
there was about
i said winning is about to see what you can go into the wine cellar red wine and
leave the bob so now we have to put sensors in the court
and if i was reading that we might as well sent esters to find out whether one
is ready to drink so before you on the bottle he would carry the court
and if that's the bala got thirty year issue something that's the one that
you're doing awesome cuz he doesn't know the difference
not actually out this sort of thing is going to be very common
not so everyone's on the part
although if i i i had someone come out with in prime time
are fit_ done
uh... yeah apa spartan tanks and we actually wandered around my cell and we
picked up every single lots of exactly
this is not it's not a crazy idea
uh... the thing is that we will have sensor networks and use them for
environmental control isn't for security
will use them for variety of things to only
residence or business or manufacturing facility
jimmy management control
some of these things will be very much a part of the union
now there's an interesting question i'm going to use the sensor network
as it's cool
walking us through bunch of questions
now the questions are very specific to
the notion of sensor network
architecture m large numbers of devices that have to be configured and access
control
but i want to as we go through
this particular
discussion i want you to be thinking generally about
Internet enable appliances are all kinds
having maybe managed and controlled
and wanting them to be
isolated from parties to might want to use them for and nefarious purposes
anything that we don't want is the headline that says
that there was a get distributed denial of service attack
against bank of america by every refrigerator in america
accel we need to be able to think of ways through
how he will configure install
offering
protect
uh... and also move
move from one place and others to imagine that you take your places with
you
they have idea dresses and
meeting that will be a new life he addresses when they were installed new
residents how we do all of that
expecting every single
could become an expert
in configuring nike devices they shouldn't have to do that you have to
know anything about
and so
what they remove series of design and operational should there be single
controller
for all the devices should there be a controller for each class of the bonds
how should we in device u
connect up with the poultry controller
one of your apartment building and endure controller detects devices that
are in the into an apartment
this is certainly a great we probably have with that
uh... electric blanket where the two parties have the control switch
was turning up to get warmer the others turning down a bit cooler aggressive
across the net
uh... so this is their these questions that are actually pretty hard
and i think some of us are going to have to figure out what's the right way to do
it
problem for the on wireless
well depending on where they were installed you may or may not have been
radio connectivity even just inside the house
so some of them i have to be wired summary wireless employees different
frequencies
now this is easy and every device
that is sold to be part of the sensor s
so i have to be adaptable to different conditions depending
once found a place for install
uh... on the factory floor
uh... there are similar kinds of scale questions that occurred once again very
important
to make sure that the user
control only by parties that have the authority to do that you don't want
some random person halfway around the world turned on
in manufacturing device and possibly or
one of the workers
uh... they are the question is whether the devices interact with each other
whether they'll be directly nationalized
and here we get into the interesting example one of the art rock system where
the devices are released for jun
in addition
providing uh...
censored
census data
process today
uh... and then uh... providing it to some
king lear
but they also are part of that work which is something to happen
uh... to uh... local radio condition
so on
this is an d
the questions or almost endless
here's some more here
and decide what ideas
they should have you generate the state using ninety b six presumably because
before useful
but there is a
a question about previous should be
what you have this is the
another remembered
we're out of discovery online discover other devices that are part of the
system
uh... some of you will know a little bit about convoluted system works if you use
it you know that we can devices are
in close enough proximity
uh... one of them were
present
which you you enter into the other one in order to confirm that you want to do
my cv
connected now the question is whether every device in this garment is uh...
hazardous waste even though we were not
and if it doesn't mean we start thinking or hawaii
how to manage these things and it could be the journal while becomes the devices
used not only to control and that also to configure
and so I'd be in the possibilities here are fairly uh...
complex
and we're gonna have to figure out how to make that work
what about what to it's very attracted to be a little website
and say i would like to using uh... webpage diminish my devices
and if we standardize things properly
then third parties will be able to offer service to manager systems fourteen
think about entertainment you know about you
i have lots of boxes at home and have infrared controllers for
and usually i fumble around for a while trying to figure out which controllers
the right one for which box
and when i finally got that right that's the controller that bad
so if we put all of them are going well network
and we use the mobile which is also a little old man is the controller of the
things that happen can be in court
uh... then that means third parties intervenes english if you'll allow them
would be the manager of the devices and all you do is go to the web sites and
what the sound of movies please populate all various devices
which is entertainment country
is of interest to me
so out is just incredibly uh...
rich character what about state information
if you have uh...
things that are are gathering data about
the temperature humidity levels in my case or other things about house
you may be able to infer whether anybody's at home
how many people were home
uh... went up
in the morning on active depending on what information is available
that could pose a security hazard
especially if they can't figure out nobody's home
so again this is a question of what information should be available
who should have access to it and control that
so there's just goes it's a long long listed updates that we're cope with
here's another interesting things that are part of
uh... typically cable provider configures these things up for you
uh... and it operates the controller forty
and offers web access is uh... sheila to control the system
and if so how boxes of these on american interact with each other like charity
art
so that's a common example but one thing what happens if we transform decency
devices there i could be sixty
and they have the ability to reach out and use the Internet in addition to
everything else
now they become
since it could be streaming video from other sources sending cable television
company
and that interestingly enough creates a conflict right because the cable tv
guide supplying him with broadband access to the Internet
discovers that
you're using the broadband Internet to get access to somebody else's video
which messes up your business model
which leads to a possible or desire to prevent you from getting video from
anybody but damn
back isn't in the calendar dates and everything else is a very quickly
as we pursue these technical problems we also cover
uh... an honors
various policy issues that have to be resolved
uh... and i've already talked about your chocolate
so uh... or the other
question is diversity in uniformity
uh... one uniformity is really helpful because it allows you to your
opportunity
diversity dot is important because you want to be able to trying new things and
figuring out how to cope with both of us at the same time
up to be true
this part of it is a program was started by the department of commerce department
of energy about four years ago
and their initial focus was to create margaret interoperability panel
to encourage
standards for the devices that are part of a smart grid
so they can be managed to they could respond for example to it by saying
that uh...
the uh... power grid was reaching people and would you please let me go water
earlier condition for a while
this is important because the ability to control world was not billed
capacity excess capacity that's only a small percentage of time
and so that's a good or thrilled
capability disability sake please don't use electricity
but you also have the opportunity to get to report back on which devices were
used during the course in montana element
now tell you something about my record that was what it is and that feedback
loop
is what helps us decide whether we change our lifestyle
possibly for economic reasons are really just care about the environment we want
to change or
abuse
electricity for example
so again a whole series of issues associated with smartly program that or
not
uh... once was the sensor networks except one thing you should really
different
up until uh... recently
most of the car generated in the united states essentially generated in
distributed over collins
without reaching a point where we are capable putting generation capability to
be adjusted
and he gets even more dramatic when you go from this photovoltaic candidate
manpower possibly view
thermal
uh... as a generators of electricity in your home
now it's more again electric cars
make began
so now you have the possibility no holding power out of the system recharge
cars were pushing power into the system that i want to think about control
theory if you put it in school
it gets more complicated systems that will push and pull at the city
at you know at the same time
problem that we are
independently
uh... every or every household united states is either generating electricity
reporting electricity
hideouts assistant like that
and so if you're interested in some of the thinking about that look at my
grades
uh... google search on that because the ideas artists consider actually just
really
electrical power generation farther
so that we live so dependent on one
uh... singles samples solely
in a particular area simply right before it was in all kinds of people here
this vote leads me to one other thing about uh...
Internet him thing that uh... like uh... mentioned earlier about
policy
for the big issues that we have today
is that
there are
countries
this see how important the Internet is but they're nervous about it because
they have since
democratic ability to let people share information
and for some data
authoritarian regimes that's a threat
we've seen the outcomes for example in europe spring
I'd like to emphasize something for you mean some people were pounding their
chests and looking uh... Internet was that part of or face book and others
were
part of the air strain is wonderful
except the outcomes revolutions don't always come out where you would like
and right now we're seeing some pretty difficult problems in egypt for example
in libya for example in syria for example
uh... he changes of the
places where the
the arabs friends started teenage is probably one which is happy
i don't use the word placid exactly but it was more stable
regime change for the others have been very very difficult
so i want to be careful not to
the role of the Internet analysts as if it is uniformly positive
you have to be really thoughtful about how you recover from major rethinking
but what this is like to
is a real debate about
uh... what
role governments have in the control of the Internet
for all of us uh... in the Internet world
uh... historically we've seen this is a very violent thing multiple stakeholders
are
interested him
making decisions about policy
they're the ones that are affected by whether it's a technical community the
general public
civil society
the government's the private sector
are all having equal state
him what happens in the policy many
and yet many of the intergovernmental institutions like the international
telecommunications union
see this is the province of governments to make policy
and uh... this is a place where there's plenty of opportunity for intervention
they world summit on the information society which began in two thousand
three
began with the premise that there would be an information society and we were
seen emerge of its own when did it mean firmly
policy point of view
and the first thing that these government officials where this is a
intergovernmental
discussion
first thing that they asked was what information society
ends there
people said well the Internet is an example
so they said what was in charge of the Internet
not nothing could possibly be tuesday
if it was essentially mentioned we said well nobody is a distributed system and
they didn't believe this
so then they discovered that i can
because i can't has responsibility for idea dress allocations and meeting
management
and they decided and i can this be a tragedy
and then they said it wasn't right if i can they decided i cant government
contract with the department of commerce twenty nine and must be in charge of
either
that us is in terms of the Internet patents sit well with some of the
country set back pain us attorney unit has been
uh... a persistent uh...
issue since two thousand three
Internet governance forum was created out of the world somebody information
society as a place where we could talk about issues arising in the inner it's a
very important multi stakeholder
system or
function
it doesn't make decisions
this turns out to be really important
because he'd make decisions if you're if you drafts uh...
communiques
or make recommendations you have to argue with each other you end up doing
uh... you know these little words missing things
in the end what we want is people going away understanding what are the issues
like facing Internet how should they be dressed in battle
but not by idea atf_ is their as a way of surfacing problems helping people
figure u
i'm ireland let me just get through organ international talks non-stop about
some of you follow the world conference on
information technology know that there was a major earthquake
this was intended to revise the international talk on regulations
which had been touched his nineteen eighty eight and at that point poorest
people
government officials especially when thinking about you know
so they didn't take into account what unit was like and what he could do
how could subsumed mobile solely
earlier telecommunications applications
system
which it has done
so they try to revise these things and the uh... countries that were most
interested in finding ways to control
Internet wanted to use the international telecom regulation revision as a way of
gaining
authority over the net
so they try to put language into a high tea arms that uh... spoke of spam for
example
spoke with security
smoker
viruses worms and source well those are applications that country
and never in history international talk i mean you know her
dot hunt and he was
it was standardizing telephone
uh... interaction and originally delaware interactions
but it was never responsible for content
they didn't control what he did say on the phone
they only trying to make sure you can make a phone call
well i think the Internet to be the same way that these guys concede that way
the result of the debate
was that uh... of the hundred and forty seven countries
that attended
eighty-nine signed the resulting treating fifty-five walk away including
the united states which is the right thing to do
so if that is the biggest schism international
negotiations regarding telecom that's ever happened in history the iq
i think it's a very important uh... data point
and i think that which actually kind of take advantage of the fact that there is
disagreeing
in order to force people to face it
at the Internet is different
approval via the telephone system
we've been dealt with in the past
skip over to privacy and safety
you hear security security security is an issue on the Internet
what I'd like to suggest to use that word causes people to think too much
about uh...
national security and think about
nation state tax and so what would happen
cases is not argue that they don't
but the general public
goes this way
at the point where we're talking actual security
what they don't
it fully appreciate is that they are also part of the problem
but its safety daycare
they would like to be feel like they're safe on the Internet and they don't give
us a fight because orders policy of reported
so i'm
thinking that we should be
working out uh... kind of cyber fire depart
velvet model i have in my head into somebody standing in front of his uh...
his house was burning down and he's got a garden hose
and he's taking any somebody with the rows and more water
in order for this out in the first thing the comes to mind is not to call the
police department
you call firepower
so we don't have a sucker for apartment in for a lot of individuals
households and small businesses and everything else they don't have the
expertise to put out a certified
they don't know what to do about being infected within a matter of fact that
they don't know what to do about cyber tackled
and what they have cyber for in incall
as a business or vigil
but the rules may have to be different from what we did when we actually caught
fire department your neighbor can call fire department to be seizure house on
fire
the fire department feels free to come in and broke windows in the rules in
order for the fire because the neighborhood it is addressed
so far is out
but now they have in your competitor calls a cyber fire department says
you're under attack cases are fire department comes out break settling down
for three days trying to figure out what the problem is in wilder out of business
and your competitors flailing
so the rules for
uh... indeed start for artwork the different media before
for example
i think it's important in this analogy is
the fire department aptly put out the fire try to figure out why the fire
started
interviews are some and suddenly the police department of the heroes on for
some gets the ball
you can imagine a similar kind of scenario
something else happens the fire department economic inspector building
to see whether or not meet parker
and we have fire codes for buildings
and and that you can imagine
looking for
advice and even some rules for designing systems that are safer
than others
just like we have rules for doing buildings that are safer examples forget
multiple exits entrances for for safety's sake
so i think that we are at a period of time worthless consider
uh... me
invention of the summer for a car
their country of the things here that
dimension
i have a few other things to talk about it also no
vietnam
pretty close to having
borden vols or i can't believe it
here's the problem
digital signatures are really attractive right
significance and usually sign things anywhere
the question is legally
is is it is a digital signature binding
and it's not percent clear right now especially international business
whether or not a contract has been signed usually it has weighed in court
and so there's eighteen missing uh...
assessment
uh... either there is legislation does require
or the international treaties required in order to determine whether or not
digital signature on a contract is binding
we don't have uh... agreements yet cleaning up but i think you would you
wouldn't have
words but
come to some agreement about that
i'm sure all of you are aware of the current state of debate on intellectual
property
on the path inside
software patents to turn out to be a nightmare
and uh... i think all those who recognize what that is
the best example i can give you a wild and this is important for creativity and
innovation
is html
when the first browsers for me
even when the timbers needed
uh... they had to feature the you can actually asking to show you the html
source
and you could figure out how do they do that
and then they copied each other and it was great because you know webmasters
learn from each other
they develop new ideas everybody got to try new things out and give them the
evolution
the webpage was pretty dramatic
over a very short period of time because people share each other's ideas and use
it
of html
uh... in that's just one example of the reason why open this has been so
valuable that's why google makes open-source available creme brulee
increment croats for the same reasons but right now there's a lot of attention
comes to copyright
it's a whole other story
uh... some of you will remember the uh...
uh... in the
our constitution
the notion of copyright was installed in there
as for two reasons
to benefit the party who had created a work
for a limited period of time
originally was fourteen years
and if you were the author of something that you could control who can make
copies of it for that period of time
if you were still alive after fourteen years ago actually had an option to
extend the copyright again for another fourteen years
i think you had to make the payment to do that
well what has happened over the whole and then
after that period had expired
the work became part of the public domain
intent here to benefit the population
in the words are in there
exactly that way what has happened over the course of a couple of years
is that the intellectual property community has extended
the lifetime
for but the copyright holder s
seventy five years after the death of the office
this feels a little excessive to me because it seems to have left out
the idea that things in the public domain would benefit the general public
i think we've been waiting for
we're seeing similar problems with passed because we have people fighting
overpass
that expanding billions of dollars
things it probably should have been patented in the first place i think this
is a largely approval of software
so uh... this is a big problem in some of us into technical world were about
do indeed with the legal people
in order to work through the implications of changing
love the way these things work
and final thing i wanted to mention on the slide has to do with the problem
that
uh... we are increasingly creating digital content
every day when we use word processing programs that were used for entry to usa
uh... presentation software kind or another
we create fairly complex digital files
say this is the big business in those files were only meaningful with the
software that created them is available
and one of the problems that arise this is an overtime
that's offering up the executed
on the machines that you have available
and so if you carefully stored the bits and you've moved them from the five
quarter-inch floppy do the three and a half incentive you know the uh... dvds
or cds
to any and seller if you move the dates from one begin to another if there is no
guarantee that the software that created them will still be money machine that
you're currently
using or the operating system that we currently using
uh... the uh...
lol might uh...
experiment i remember whose
what happens in this year's three thousand
and you've got a google search
and in turn up in nineteen ninety seven qar point five
the question suppose you're running windows three thousand images for the
sake of argument
and the question is will the windows three thousand package interpreting
nineteen ninety-seven powerpoint file correctly answered probably no
and this is not a gratuitous vega microsoft even if you're using open
source
mechanisms that the other hundred-percent through the open source
programs would continue to be compiled worry machine
up until the year three thousand
so there's a real challenge their which is maintaining the ability to interpret
the debts
in scientific data it's even worse
because he he
uh... track not only in the distant cells from in san diego calibration
instruments
uh... in the conditions under which the data was collected
we don't have a bridging right now
either a few more that we can retain information or even that we can get
access to software
when the company goes out of business
or when they with lisa
a new version is not compatible with the previous one how do we get access to the
previous of software
there are there is no current regime which recognizes the importance of
retaining
uh... access to the scheduled days
some of you probably saw the movie lincoln
and you've ever reading a book
called
a team of rivals by doris kearns good
one of the interesting things about herblock usage fee reconstructed the
dialogue with the time
by going to a hundred different libraries and finding the lenders
principles in that uh... story
had said to each other
she was able to reconstruct dialogue based on their imagine the june twenty
second century and trying to reproduce what life was like in are twenty first
century
everything we've done is scheduled it's all done it's unacceptable they will
never be at the moment we work
we we will not be good ancestors we will be invisible ancestors
so we can not this would have to figure out how to do background
ocampo
team well
you know what
through getting lazy
i really feel
compelled to tell you some of this is it ok
uh... so
this is the thing that's interesting about the Internet is that despite the
fact that bomb in a local celebrate
the fortieth anniversary of the design
paper was published in may of seventy four of the original papers written in
september of seventy three
and we turn the system on
on january one nineteen eighty three
sows an operational for thirty years in spite of this age
uh... it has a long pretty dramatically and there are lots of things that are
still going on there could be done with the open flow idea stanford university
and it begins with is a particularly interesting example
you know when we don't balance
with cisco another still drives
big is the address base
on the packets to figure out where they should welcome so you look at the
destination addressing look it up in a cable news where doctor replied the
cable companies
fourteen thousand you do that
mitnick in his guys said wildly limiting ourselves to the end respects
it why can't use other events in the packet to tell us where out things what
we did look at the other states at all just look at the content decided how to
wrap based on that
as a slightly multitask like ring to it at that because you can imagine
announcing
you were interested in this kind of content
and everybody knows that i'm interested in that kind of content would get copies
of the package because the drowning people would say anybody that said they
wanted
that content we were back to that smoking yes
so what what they have done basically is open up the notion of routing too much
broader range possibilities
this is really powerful stuff
and i don't have time to go to all the details of the global
decided to build an hour
wide area network backbone that connects all of our data centers together using
open flow
so over a period of about eighteen months aboard where we work with the
overflow team
we actually implemented
and open for hours and we build ourselves and we put into operation in
the backbone latino business together
it's given us
substantially better performance in terms of uh... your station of the
optical
uh... network that links are data centers
so have very ambitious thing to do identity do with it some thought that i
can taken credit don't want you earth also as our senior vp for information
for infrastructure
and his team just landed
and it's really impressive
uh... so this is an example of breaking uh... out over donor card it will
emulate everything literary robert do
because use text of the actors
but the fact is is like any technology worded
does the previous thing
and then because you using new technology to do the previous thing you
can send you step in the body of your life you can do it
uh... that's very
uh... another we talked about configuration management and the
Internet things
problem certificates and certification
a lot of people thought that issuing certificates should be greatly reduced
authentication
but that assumes you can trust you to get it for recent issues a certificate
in the first place
problems you can do you know if you
isn't the issue where the certificate can have any string they want to
associated with the public key
there was no concern
and so if you in fact were able to call wears
uh... a certificate authority by the certificate authority over break into a
certificate is already in generate fall certificate
with more microsoft word himself for providers namely in that certificate and
then somehow
issue software
associated that certificate you can cause people to mistakenly download and
install
well the problem here is
trust every certificate corey
now you can try to uh... thought to that
if you look at your browser and you see how many certificate authorities are
uh... are trusted outfits
it's only and self control
sold by the other alternative india atf_ right now is to look at the
possibility of installing certificates
intervening system
using insect
as a tool
for making sure that everything going down to the place where the certificate
is being installed has been digitally signed so there's a change dress on top
of that
is usually is related to refer to strings that are related to me
in which that coddling inserted interest on
so if you're
google dot com
the only certificates that i could have a good in cool dot com the second level
domain
with her third level domains inside google dot com
any other attempts to for certificate out of that part of the uh... demeaning
zone
we have to be rejected out of him because he
strain was accredited
wasn't from its own
so that's an example of a way of responding to this story
let me just mention
one of the things i want to give you a quick summary of the year planetary
system
uh... p
uh... those of you who study the history of competing here remember project
activity back in the nineteen sixties
one of the interesting things they did was to modify and she knows ge six
thirty five thirty to six forty five
that had it brings a protection and their management
it reads a protection were triggered whenever you executed as sensitive
instruction
that instruction tracked down to the colonel software and said who r u what
are you doing here when instruction he tried to execute and what makes you
think you have the authority to do that
and all the colonel would decide whether or not you were actually allowed to
execute the instruction in place in the appropriate reign of control so as you
got down to ring zero who have more more control over machine this is an example
of hardware and software working together to reinforce security
we actually have that capability in the x_-eighty six trips but nobody's
programming
and they should be good to know so that's one example of hardware
reinforcing security
with software
um... the same thing is just happened recently with uh... violence with
digitally signed by house
we can execute people program comes in the operating system and less
the digital signature on the five scone
checks out with her
it's another example of getting more reinforcements
okay hundred skip down to the interplanetary Internet so we've heard
about this it was just an update on the status
when we started we were interested in providing better networking for
uh... exploring mars
this was in nineteen ninety just after the pathfinder project
waited smallholder on mars very successfully
the information that was coming back with strip directly from apple or over a
wave after through the deep space network
and so my colleagues and i had the jet propulsion laboratory ki
what should we be doing
and we will need twenty five years from now in order to provide better
networking for uh... p
uh... space
faring nations
and out we very quickly concluded we should use rich networking like Internet
no we said well maybe we can use the cpi_ p hearts on earth so maybe work
on mars too
and of course i will work on mars but it doesn't work between the planets
because of the variable delay which could be up to twenty minutes one way
forty minutes roundtrip and also destruction
in the plan is a rotating we have figured out how to stop that
sup so if you're talking to something on the surface of the planet rotates or
maybe there's an order
you can talk a little it comes back around again
so we end up with this variable the land destruction environment pcp_ is broke
in that regard
so we developed a new initially protocols we call the bottle protocol
in recent years we didn't come up with very beautifully done kentucky fried
chicken noodle called hotbed birds period
just not really giving some final phone call isn't your planetary world unit
protocol is winter
it'll run on basically anything that moves a packet of dates from one place
to another runs on top of pcp_ dealers on top of the vp hearings and cut by p
was on top of point-to-point links
do we get after looking for a regions of the design of the system
we install it uh... for experimental purposes uh... but let me go back
there there was you know in two thousand four
over several and in order to him
very successfully spirit and opportunity
one of them I'd forget which fear is has died
i can read one of his dad the other one is uh... still producing data
but when they were uh... first landed they were supposed to transmit data
directly back to earth away pathfinder did
but those radios overheat
and the result is that they needed to reduce the duty cycle to keep it from
armenia itself or any other equipment was originally rated at twenty eight
august second
and that was nearly scientists were not happy about that
when we told we have to reduce the duty cycle they worry more than happy about
that
and so one of the engineer said well there's an expand radio on the rover
there's an expand radio on orders which have been put in place in orders
uh... certainly the planet to decide where the rover should go but they
finish that tested evidence in orbit
and they had available communications can computing in memory
so the the orders and the rover reprogrammed
to take data that you collected squared up to the order when i got into
with replacement ball into the data for the transmitted data back
uh... to the deep space network
the data rate going on the expand radial isn't when he told it's the second
pakistan grading and two fifty six
and uh... the orders since they have a large solar arrays and didn't have any
problem
even within rowers atmosphere
could transmit data back it more than two hundred twenty kept a second
so all the data that was coming back from our school in store for
packet switching
today demonstration of how well that could work
dirt that landed in the year two thousand eight was in the north pole
didn't have a configuration of three factors so they went through the relay
again
belly-up the protocols to be a proxy spacecraft which is in order in the sun
that had wonderful with two counts
it was called deep impact originally in the new new mission bringing to the
party
so if as the protocols on board
rovers at the protocols board your orders at the protocols word
international space station has protocols work
we're operating basically rudimentary interplanetary network now
and so what's happening is that at nasa
efforts to standardize these protocols
internationally through the consul canadian space data systems
were hoping that everybody will adopt the protocols use them in their missions
or even if they don't use among the nations of the salmon on board so when
those missions are done
purpose those devices is known as an interplanetary back and so we might
actually see something
like that
uh... over you know many decades
now some people said well you know why are you doing supports one answers
provide which options for more complex missions with multiple
uh... spacecraft in orbit intend on foreign you know in orbit
around the sun for example were flying out of the solar system
or possibly on the surface in fact we get into example of that
a couple of months ago out of the european space agency in cooperation
with the uh... us
did may test from the uh... international space station
using the interplanetary protocols to control the rover on the ground in
germany
so while we were demonstrating is one of the white if you were in orbit around
mars
and you need to control over remotely
it was close enough to was real-time interaction so the protocols
although they can deal with uh... variable delay are also perfectly ok
disliking vp
fine
so you have a wonder will go right so that might help build more complex
missions
but i have one of the reason for doing this
barbour released a contract last year for half a million dollars
to a consortium to design a spacecraft they can get to the nearest star in a
hundred years
that's for reflectors away alpha centauri
and so uh... i'm lucky to be part of that consortium in their three problems
problem number one is propulsion
uh... it turns out that uh... the current propulsion systems would take
about
sixty five thousand years to get from earth to alpha centauri
which is a little won't even for a darker project
so the question is how do i get up to about twenty percent the speed of light
an ally the way we need to william slowdown before we get together and
otherwise we'll get one image in indian than expected
so the idea of what you saw them in going forward so we have to reaches
speed of about twenty percent speed of light midpoint fifty years and then be
able to console them
to get to work at the evidence that's one problem
navigation is another problem
uh... imagine you know that when we do interplanetary projects now
usually the spacecraft get to a certain point in the mission and you have to do
in the course sections and we do that is interactively
not not not literally real-time we send the correction information we get back
to information about the change in me
uh... flight path
now imagined for doing this for the space craft that's not what your way
so it takes a year for the information you get there another year for you to
find out whether or not worker
instant feel like it was real interactive on
so i got worried about that until somebody pointed out that ecom proper
motion stars that are within about ten litres of
our solar system was actually pretty woman
which means that we can do in homestead additional slightly
as we can use stars there much farther away
as a way of calibrating where we are and then use that to make a mid-course
corrections
so that i was easy that this communication
how big the generators signal it would be detectable order
from for your support
uh... you know and also you have to deliver the equipment to for lives away
so you have some limitations on message you can send
so i've been thinking well maybe eh... femtosecond lasers mentioned you have a
hundred what
power supply and compress a hundred one signals ten minus fifteen seconds and
should give you pretty good
since then
without even if it's a laser beam isn't being spread
over four lightyear distance and i get this very attenuated bohat false
attenuated downsizings sewer systems and now you know i need the interplanetary
backbone
is so i can do the synthetic aperture receiver to detect the signal coming
from an office in time
one of the physicist said wait a minute there's another when it is that
you know that he that he will be online stone figure some serious right
so he said if you go fired fifty astronomical units away from the senate
you begin to get the point where the gravity will form a focal point
fulfilling
so we can just get equipment five and fifty a year out from her
then we can use the focal uh... gravitational lands of the sun in order
to focus the signal is coming office in time
so that certain current idea building planetary
answered style
system intergalactic it's somebody else's trial
file i i'm sorry when i sent him a little bit
speaking talent dizzy and sick about this
i happen to spend some time in two and a biol forgive you if you all the center
of the way
but i think in any case for coming to google c
mister thank you so much prestige for another great speech you gave last year
uh... presented by
you'll stop
understand you're and said sorry start work here
those are are real meals problems a real problem is that we can find in our
discussion
to those words we actually banda thinking in uh... in ways that general
solely anyone masses espy's march
urich
uh... if metallic style security xy i have actually has interactions with the
department of homeland security which is actually doing an experiment with the
sacristy
notion
so that i don't know how far they've gotten into releasing
functionality to make it available but my understanding is that they see the
need for
uh... the order to avoid the
small businesses to have a place to go home to get help
because the building helped me get today tends to be
antivirus operating download which does help to some degree but all of you sure
very familiar with
daisy row attacks which are increasingly common
and the other thing i worry about specifically is the response to suffer
tak
if you have a young uh... an attack wishing let's take it distributed in the
home services
uh... if you're interested in responses i'm going to wipe out this drives a
volvo machines that are attacking me
turns out those machines are probably owned by citizens
who don't know their machines are infected
and be able to wipe out this transit you know a million people
some of those uh... machines were important for daily operation
and suddenly we have found ourselves and for
so that can't be right answers so we have to think our way through our
carefully about how we attribute the source
and what we do about the case where
the actual attacking devices are not under the control actually abusers
that is still a lot of work to be done
saying yeah i think in the beginning you mentioned uh... the next big thing
possibly people using a device is used to do
xyz_ likely music on the same room
uh... play video record surveillance is tough on you use your more thoughts
about about that i'm market myself
what he said that though
so what you know one of the things that i find interesting different one figure
question suggest
imagine you're driving in the car
and uh... you are asking questions like how do i get to this destination
uh... the voice message may go to a speech understanding system
but the answer may come back on the navigational display on the car everyone
that using two devices at the same time
the way that the system navigational system
knows uh... what is the address of the occasional displays that the system is
taking her voice is also telling the destination here the other devices in
the car
how about you walk into a hotel room
animal that was turned on
animal well discovers a high-resolution display that below instead of showing
everything on the train eagle's wing of the mobile now suddenly put it up on a
large high-resolution
so these are all kinds things that i'm imagine we could do
access control is clearly an issue do you want to be lady do that the other
dining room next door doesn't want to look at what's on his mama
uh... on your high-resolution display so it's clear that we have to do something
make sure
uh... things are promptly control
weird question over here but i a north microphone just a minute
thank you for being here and thank you for your contributions mister sir
uh... my questions pertaining to see and following
seeing ccp underlying sockets interested
two point
seriously
single stream transport consistent inorder messaging astrology field is the
right choice speed communicate so first of all answers
that one of the reasons that insulin saying is you can't intended for
and so and many party p has one for example http city and town at pcp
but others are just you pcp
so committed question no i don't think the pcp_ is the only thing she begins
it's a astonishing to me that it has actually serviced us as well as it
happens
when you think about it's set of constraints and everything else
but a lot of what happens on the net is uh... that that uses pcp
does not necessarily use it for subsequent actions so they're uniquely
streams
party p streams that are activated by the web based http
uh... activates a string delivery which is not over jcp it may be over different
protocol
and that's all the right thing
here i think here is to have protocols that are
appropriate to the application that you're looking for
uh... so i'm actually encourage people
to i'll take advantage of fact the Internet is so open to try things out
there's nothing that's not to directly from on building a whole new set of
applications
and we see this kind there's a good example of that where they simply
download an application
when you use it
instead of
you know anything else in mind that mail
uh... so handing out frankly I'd be happy to see people invented protocols
and do a better job for something soon ccp candy
is so amazing to me and it's been so robust orchestrated time
out
action how do you think about privacy
like well all
hard times used he he
in the future is party can be the most valuable assets
and that using a commonweal percentages stations to the usage of the state
so is it that well first of all we are intent
we aware of the importance of preserving priority and privacy and weak
paid dearly for a couple of mistakes that happen
elected incidental collection of information when we were doing street
view
i think though that privacy is becoming increasingly hard to protect
the reason is not because who has information we will fight very hard for
to maintain your privacy we have resisted government demand
for information more actively and many other companies and also a whole
a lot of information
but we do it ourselves and we take pictures of them allows we upload onto
the website
some people are discovered being in places where they were doing the people
you put the pictures that we do this to every friend but it isn't your friend
somebody
was not a
on your facebook or something somebody else's fault jobs at a party said he
wasn't there america's in trouble because picture a
so the issue here is learning what part social conventions should be
to deal with the fact that we have said privacy invasion
uh... teja lodging available to us
on the google site
we do use the data to help figure out how to target as we're very up front
about that
but we don't give the day than anybody else
some people nationally our business model is saldana value to somebody else
is not needed
your data is inside our system and it stays there you can get all the data
back if you want to
but what is important is that we use the information to deliver advertising
which is our business model and everybody knows that
hoping that that information to guess you will actually be of interest to you
so the purpose behind the information that we're
accumulating
uh... is to deliver advertising which is more over to you then than just build
blanket at
and for many people that kind of advertising is actually don't you think
that like advertising it feels like useful
and say
i can't hear it
hoboken given the microphone
thank you it's a good sense of those data using honest i think i think it was
well let's see if i were politician i would say that's a hypothetical and i
don't wanna go ahead
but it seems to me that that uh... the data is so important and so uh...
resilient reviews firstly mystery present
uh... that we would in one trial
if we did that i don't think company would survive the trip response
so i'm doubtful certainly the current
absolutely record
okay we have time for just or more
still ahead is that none of them
uh... thanks again for the talks
juggle is always of my partner should actually follows up with a couple go of
regarding uh... that the future of sort of uh... Internet protocols at best but
dynamic nishant works
uh... certainly you know we have muscles of mobile phones here but if the gs
ever wifi goes down the kind of useless um... and certainly for places where
sat_ jeopardy and that you know backbone was ticket down toward a crisis
situation where the infrastructure has available the phones and most of these
devices are not programs to talk to things that aren't next to so uh... i
mean yet from what they've done uh...
standpoint you know what was said to be involved in giving them so i really love
the idea
but while i was still fairly visiting many dancing on the s
we prepared a report on public safety networking and that was exactly one of
the things we pointed out
this type of a safety net actors to use ltv_
and when things are normally okay that's probably all right
but at some point when you have to train our you know sandy here we have some
other kind of that
man made or otherwise
infrastructure may not be there are all than for example made even his air can't
get any of the gasoline or daniel or what have you the diesel fuel
direct generators
i would really love the idea that our devices could be linked together in a
message that were
i think that that's helped the system argues that homework citizen mesh
network it's automatically some format
i'm a big fan cooperating that capability into on our devices now
keep in mind that privacy suggest that we should be encrypting anyway and in
order to take advantage of that
you certainly don't want to use a mesh network in which everybody gets taken by
a hot dogs and mixed metaphors
when you try to get one
at the baseball game
so uh... you really want to be able to use and doing capability that i would
really like the idea incorporating that
that would make for much more resilient system
selling the picture
okay maybe two more than that i'm ready to go who's got the money
following up on that
uh... it seems that most of our programming languages ritually
antiquated their dirtier towards programming a single clock misco
computer
and not on the distributed uh... not not about
taking advantage of distribution and that's
patents levels of complex and what do you see I'd heard of a great language
today bloom coming up quickly
experimental in which a morning what else and i personally a big banner
relying which is twenty years old
uh... and everybody sees between ketchup relying so wbc so i don't actually see a
number of things going on first of all
we have program on what the court systems
m that in itself is a challenge
uh... the clock speeds are not to keep going up in the otherwise chips a little
because too much power goes into them so
uh... we have to deal with that already have a google was well that other thing
is that uh...
i really like the idea doing parallel processing
but look at what we've been able to do in a very
on way where we split some tests out
usable parallel strains
that doesn't require any special programming to do that seti at home
and the protein folding
uh... activity who simply parity of simple
single processor
software insists it is being executed simultaneously allied member systems
a lot of our applications at the same
we we taped testimony waited up into large numbers of karo
uh... processes
that don't require simultaneously is of course each corresponding in some
operation
we've been able to get away with that for the kinds of applications that we
had
but when we start getting into large-scale simulations now it is to be
very different because then you end up
having uh... either single instruction stream running against a over i a m data
that's uh... seven s i n d
sings traffic stream oracle data stream
or what you're thinking family more structures statement strings there are
languages for that
but some of them are really archaic one of those called put near the grand
amelia four back in the nineteen seventies
nobody can figure out how to program usually hard goodyear sounds like
something that very few people couldn't even speak
seven or something
thousand a day
uh... so i suspect that there is real
for serious sulfur language development
and it's a challenge for a cm its members to start pushing direction
someone actually uh... hope for
that platforms that are going to become available will return with force us into
thinking new kinds of programming parents
some of them are result her a-level languages
which highlights some of the underlying simplicity complexity
of the systems
so idea
and maybe you have some ideas to pursue that better but if you go and others do
it sure hope that you make a note to the competency cm
so we can
one morning and we really need a break
his uh... you can follow up on some of the things you mentioned about ah...
intellectual property and and
i'm curious about your views on the roles of accuser of the government
releasing you know more of its own essentially
uh... at peak is that there is this new is yet another ticket order about uh...
that came from the white house about
releasing opened it and through the economic potential molly options roundup
in data uh... hasn't been a lot of activity a on that front and there's a
lot more activity on open source in government as well combat but it can be
kind of nixon's uh... um... basis
uh... you know as an example i was i was reading at some history uh... of arpan
and there is an example of
um... bbn which i guess was one of those who've been companies involved being
hesitant release
the uh... stars could i'm behind the uh... i decided to use the packet
switching computers um... and eventually that you know that uh... turn around and
and stands up and
but i'm curious to know what if you're the government what it would really you
know how do you find the balance between whose opportunist to use it as
established in open platform that people can bowl economic you know
cap on top of and abductees verses he did something small you just you know
it's just a quality piece of software it's less important what you see of the
sort of opportunities the bounce immigration well at first of all a
little in this uh... big failure opening
uh... access to publications opening sister gave reducing
it was a stiffer and ways to do that not just a city cm properties
uh... also in the big thing
of trying to preserve information i mentioned that earlier the digital no
ideas is that one of those
uh... i think the increasingly
we're going to find people and capable of writing their own software we
wouldn't have remember when spreadsheets came out way back when they're in their
yes in the early eighties
everybody became programmers of spreadsheets and they had been formally
trained to write software
don't go to imagine that as we work our way up into higher higher level and
which is that more and more people will have the ability to either to write
their own software or share
with each other
out so if i think that unless we get into this uh... dabbled
preventing people from sharing their software work sharing what they their
their intellectual property
uh... we'll have a higher probability of uh...
being able to take advantage of everybody's
skills
via writing software that's open this more likely
you source models i don't know whether they disagree organic
anderson companies that
uh... that right software that are largely funded by government and it's
and and the softer is not open uh... over in the same is not open right so so
well i can tell you that distant cut this short to the records get outta here
the government's already spoken at least itself
and the white house
well sdp_ saying
the government sponsored stuff
needs to be system
well you know there are a whole bunch of questions about winners of the excessive
over the world to take the get to retain the data
per period of time for you start your own
but commercial rights are argument
that shows up
uh... when you have government contracts
and grants and things of that kind and that's a negotiated side if these
government goes the way it seems to be in eight years in prison
for people who were working under government grant to make available with
them
if the general public will still be an argument over commercial lines
and so this is not a trivial thing to respond to that certainly the trend
right now sockets and her
okay that's all the time we got a ninety-two students but thank you very
much