[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.05,0:00:01.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Growing up in Missouri,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.50,0:00:04.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would kind of take us\Nout into the woods,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.18,0:00:07.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they would give you a map,\Nand they would give you a compass,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.26,0:00:08.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you had to find your way home.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.91,0:00:10.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And without the compass,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:10.61,0:00:12.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can't even read the map.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.11,0:00:13.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's what I'm here to tell you.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.74,0:00:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The compass is the key.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.100,0:00:16.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Small thing.]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.25,0:00:18.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[Big idea.]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.56,0:00:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A compass is most simply a piece of metal\Nthat has been magnetized,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.28,0:00:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that it will turn towards\Nthe Earth's magnetic pole.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.75,0:00:31.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The one that we all think of\Nis the pocket compass.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.68,0:00:33.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It looks like a watch, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.22,0:00:34.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can hold it in your hand
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.66,0:00:37.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and watch the little needle bounce around
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.07,0:00:38.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until you find north.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.62,0:00:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Magnetism is still a pretty\Nmysterious force to physicists,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.64,0:00:45.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what we do know for sure\Nis that a compass works
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.85,0:00:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because the Earth is this giant magnet.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.10,0:00:49.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when you use a compass,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.78,0:00:53.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are in touch with\Nthe very center of our planet,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.46,0:00:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where this kind of roiling\Nball of molten iron
Dialogue: 0,0:00:57.27,0:01:00.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is spinning around\Nand creating a magnetic field.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.26,0:01:03.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just like a magnet you can\Nplay with on your tabletop,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.06,0:01:04.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has a north pole and a south pole,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:04.96,0:01:08.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we use compasses to find our way\Nnorth because of that fact.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.74,0:01:13.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The earliest known compass comes\Nfrom about 200 BC in China.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.82,0:01:17.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They figured out that some of the metal\Ncoming out of the ground
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.07,0:01:18.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was naturally magnetic,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.36,0:01:21.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and so they fashioned\Nthis magnetized metal
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.13,0:01:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into this kind of ladle-looking thing,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.98,0:01:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,put it on a brass plate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.49,0:01:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then it would point north.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.95,0:01:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It seems to have been primarily\Nused to improve feng shui,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.75,0:01:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they could figure out\Nwhat was the best way for energy to flow
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.30,0:01:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through their living spaces.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:34.07,0:01:36.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sailors were probably the early adopters
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.79,0:01:39.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the more portable versions of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.21,0:01:40.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because no matter where the sun was,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.96,0:01:43.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no matter what the condition\Nof the stars were,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.18,0:01:45.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would always\Nbe able to find north.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.07,0:01:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, much later, the Europeans\Nare the ones who innovate
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.59,0:01:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and come up with the compass rose.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.44,0:01:51.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It essentially laid out
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.79,0:01:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what north, south, east\Nand west looked like,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.36,0:01:57.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it also enabled you\Nto kind of create new directions,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.82,0:02:00.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like northwest, southeast, what have you.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.94,0:02:03.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And for the first time,\Nthey knew where they were going.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.67,0:02:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's kind of a big deal.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.26,0:02:09.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But also, I think it was part\Nof this general reinvigoration
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.17,0:02:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of European science.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.59,0:02:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You might know it as the Renaissance.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:12.41,0:02:14.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lots of new tools were invented,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.71,0:02:16.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the telescope to the microscope.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.66,0:02:19.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Maps got better because\Nof compasses, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.20,0:02:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because then you start to understand\Nwhich direction is which,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.47,0:02:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you get a lot more detail,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.81,0:02:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that just kind of changes
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.52,0:02:27.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the human relationship to the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.88,0:02:30.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The compass with a map\Nis like a superpower.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.58,0:02:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything that we think\Nof as world history
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.33,0:02:35.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would not have taken place\Nwithout the compass:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.93,0:02:39.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the age of exploration, Magellan\Ncircumnavigating the globe,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.84,0:02:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the fact that we know it is a globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.97,0:02:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The compass ends up getting embedded\Nin all these other tools,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.42,0:02:47.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it is such a functional object.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.79,0:02:50.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you might have it\Nembedded in your multi-tool,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.48,0:02:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you might have it\Nembedded in your phone.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.44,0:02:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The compass is everywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.72,0:02:57.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's literally how we find our way\Nacross the face of the Earth.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.58,0:02:59.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you can go off and explore,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.30,0:03:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and find out what is over that next hill\Nor that next horizon,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.70,0:03:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you can also reliably\Nfind your way home.