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rC3 preroll music
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Cory Doctorow: Oh, I just got...
Jinxx5: Please, I just wanted to say Hi
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Chris...no...Bye Chris and Hi Cory
laughs We just had a little chat before
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and, as I know, you will be reading
from your new book in a minute, as I just
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stop talking and afterwards, there will be
lots of time for all your questions. And
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we're really curious already.
C D: Great, Yeah. And I do have these
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questions from the talk earlier and I'm
going to try and get to those too. I'm
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going to do a shorter reading, so we can do
more interactive stuff. You can watch
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videos of me on YouTube if you want to.
It's more fun to interact. So the passage
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I'm going to read comes from Attack
Surface. Attack Surface is a standalone
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Little Brother novel. And it's intended
for adults. And it stars Masha who's a
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young woman, who is at the beginning and
the end of the other two books working as
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a surveillance contractor. And by this
third book, she's like a full-on cyber
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mercenary working for a company a lot
like, say, the NSO Group or Hacking Team.
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Any other kind of hack for hire
companies helping post-Soviet dictators
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crush rebellions. And the way that she
goes to sleep at night and still manages
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to, like, square up her conscience is by
helping the people, that she spies on. So
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during the day, she installs surveillance
appliances in the national data centers.
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And at night, she meets with the
protesters who are being spied on using
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this technology and tells them what
countermeasures work for it. And so, this
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is very early in the novel. And Masha and
Kriztina - who's one of these local
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protesters - are walking through the
square and the fictional, post-Soviet
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Republic of Slovstakia during the
beginnings of a protest that is shaping up
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to be a very serious one.
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starts reading from book
The square buzzed with good energy. There was a line
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of grannies who brought out pots and
wooden spoons and were whanging away at
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them, chanting something in Boris that
made everyone understand. Kriztina tried
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to translate it, but it was all tangled up
with some Baba-Yaga story that every
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Slovstakian learned with their mother's
borscht recipes. We stopped at a barrel
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fire and distributed the last couple of
kebabs to the people there. A girl
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I'd seen around, emerged from the crowd
and stole Kriztina away to hold a muttered
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conference that I followed by watching the
body language out of the corner of my eye.
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I decided that some of Kriztina's contacts
had someone on the inside of the neo-Nazi
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camp. And judging from her reaction, the
news was very bad. What? I asked. She
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shook her head. What? 10 p.m., she said,
they charge. Supposedly some of the cops
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will go over to their side. There's been
money changing hands. That was one of the
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problems with putting your cops on half
pay. Someone might pay the other half. The
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Slovstakian police had developed a keen
instinct for staying one jump ahead of
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purges and turnovers. The ones that didn't
develop that instinct ended up in their
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own cells or dead at their own colleagues'
hands. How many? Borises are world class
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shruggers, even adorable Pixie's like
Kriztina. If the English have 200
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words for passive aggressive and the Inuit
have 200 words for snow, then
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Borises can convey 200 gradations
of emotions with their shoulders. And I
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read this one as: Some, enough, too many.
We are fucked. No murders, Kriztina. If
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it's that bad we can come back another
night. If it's that bad, there might not
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be another night. Oh that fatalism. Fine,
I said, then we do something about it.
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Like what? Like you got me a place to sit
and keep everyone else away from me for an
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hour. The crash barricades around the
square had been long colonized by tarps
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and turned into shelters where protesters
could get away from the lines when they
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needed a break. Kriztina returned after a
few minutes to lead me to an empty corner
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of the warren. It smelled of B.O. and
cabbage farts, but it was in the lee of
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the wind and private enough. Doubling my
long coats tails under my butt for
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insulation, I sat down cross-legged and
tethered my laptop. A few minutes later, I
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was staring at Commander Litvinchuk's
email spool. I had a remote desktop on his
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computer and could have used his own
webmail interface, but it was faster to
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just slither into the mail server itself.
Thankfully, one of his first edicts after
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taking over the ministry had been to
migrate everyone off Gmail - which was
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secured by 24/7 ninja hackers who'd eat me
for breakfast - and on to a hosted mail
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server in the same datacenter that I had
spent 16 hours in, which was secured by
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wishful thinking, bubble gum, and spit.
That meant that if the US State Department
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wanted to pwn the Slovstakian government,
it would have to engage in a trivial hack
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against that machine, rather than facing
Google's notoriously vicious lawyers. The
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guiding light of Boris politics was: Trust
no one. Which meant, they had to do it all
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for themselves. Litvinchuk's cell-site
simulators all fed into a big analytics
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system, that maps social graphs and
compiled dossiers. He demanded, that the
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chiefs of police and military gather the
identifiers of all their personnels, so they
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could be white-listed in the system. It
wouldn't do to have every riot cop placed
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under suspicion, because they were present
at every riot. The file was in a saved
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email. I tabbed over to a different
interface, tunneled into the Xoth
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appliance. It quickly digested the file
and spat out all the SMS messages sent to
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or from any cops since I switched it on. I
called Kriztina over. She hunkered down
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next to me, passed me a thermos of coffee
she'd acquired somewhere. It was terrible
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and it reminded me of Marcus. Marcus and
his precious coffee. He wouldn't last 10
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minutes in a real radical uprising,
because he wouldn't be able to find
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artisanal coffee roasters in the melee.
Kriztina, help me search these texts for -
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... - help me search these for texts about
letting the Nazis get past the lines. She
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looked at my screen, the long scrolling
list of texts from cops' phones. What is
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that? It's what it looks like. Every
message sent to or from a cop's phone in
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the last ten hours or so. I can't read it,
though, which is why I need your help. She
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boggled, all cheekbones and tilted eyes
and sensuous lips. Then she started
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mousing the scroll up and down to read
through them. Holy shit, she said in
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Slovstakian, which was one of the few
phrases I knew. Then, to her credit, she
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seemed to get past her surprise and dug
into the messages themselves. How do I
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search? Here. I opened the search dialog.
Let me know if you need help with
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wildcards. Kriztina wasn't a hacker, but I
taught her a little regular expression-foo,
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to help her with an earlier project. Regex
are one of the secret weapons of
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hackerdom. Compact search strings that
pass through huge files for incredibly
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specific patterns. If you didn't fuck them
up, which most people did. She tried a few
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tentative searches. Am I looking for
names, passwords? Something that would
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freak out the interior ministry. We're
going to forward a bunch of these. She
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stopped and stared at me, all eyelashes.
It's a joke? It won't look like it came
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from us. It'll look like it came from a
source inside the ministry. She stared
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some more of the hamsters running around
on their wheels, behind her eyes. Masha,
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how do you do this? We had a deal. I'd
help you and you wouldn't ask me
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questions. I'd struck that deal with her
after our first night on the barricades
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together, when I showed her how to flash
her phone with Paranoid Android. And we
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watched the stingrays bounce off of it as
she moved around the square. She knew I
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did something for an American security
contractor and had googled my connection
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with "M1k3y", whom she worshiped
naturally. I'd read the messages she'd
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sent to her cell's chat channel sticking
up for me as a trusty sidekick..
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trustworthy sidekick to their Americanski-
Hero. A couple of the others had wisely
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and almost correctly assumed, that I was a
police informant. It looked like maybe she
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was regretting not listening to them. I
waited. Talking first would surrender the
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initiative, make me look weak. If we can't
trust you, we're already dead, she said,
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finally. That's true. Luckily, you can
trust me. Search. We worked through some
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queries together and I showed her how to
use wildcards to expand her searches
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without having them spill over the whole
mountain of short messages. It would have
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gone faster if I could have read the
Cyrillic characters, but I had to rely on
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Kriztina for that. When we had a good
representative sample - a round 100,
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enough to be convincing, not so many that
Litvinchuk wouldn't be able to digest them
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- I composed an email to him in English.
This wasn't as weird as it might seem. He
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had recruited senior staff from all over
Europe and a couple of South African
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mercs, and they all use a kind of pidgin
English among themselves with generous
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pastings from Google Translate, because
OPSEC, right? Fractured English was a lot
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easier to fake than native speech. Even
so, I wasn't going to leave this to
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chance. I grabbed a couple 1000 emails
from mid-level bureaucrat I was planning
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on impersonating and threw them in a cloud
machine where I kept a fork of Anonymouth,
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a plagiarism detector that used stylometry
to profile the grammar, syntax, and
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vocabulary from a training set, then
evaluated new text to see if they seemed
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by the same author. I trained my
Anonymouth on several thousand individual
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profiles from journalists and bloggers to
every one of my bosses, which was
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sometimes handy in figuring out when
someone was using a ghostwriter or
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delegated to a subordinate. Mainly,
though, I used it for my own
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impersonations. I'm sure that other people
have thought about using stylometry to
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fine tune impersonations, but no one's
talking about it that I can find. It
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didn't take much work for me to tweak
Anonymouth to give me a ranked order list
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of suggestions to make my forgery less
detectable to Anonymouth. Shorten this
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sentence, find a synonym for that word,
add a couple of commas. After a few passes
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through, my forgeries could fool humans
and robots every time. I had a guy in mind
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for my whistleblower: one of the South
Africans, Nicholas Van Dijk. I'd seen him
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in action in a bunch of flame wars with
his Slovstakian counterparts. Friction
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that would make him a believable rat. I
played it up. Giving Nicholas some thinly
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veiled grievances about how much dough his
enemies were raking in for their treachery
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and fishing for a little finder's fee for
his being such a straight arrow.
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Verisimilitude. Litvinchuk would go
predictably apeshit when he learned that
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his corps was riddled with traitors. But
even he'd noticed something was off of a
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dickhead like Van Dijk, who'd knock out
his teammates without trying to get
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something for himself in the deal. A
couple of passes through Anonymouth, and I
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had a candidate text along with the URL
for a pastebin that I put the SMSes into.
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No one at the Interior Ministry used PGP
for email, because no normal human being
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does. And so it was simplicity itself to
manufacture an email and in Litvinchuk's
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inbox that was indistinguishable from the
real thing. I even forged the headers for
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the same reason that a dollhouse builder
paints tiny titles on the spines of the
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books in the living room. Even though no
one will ever see them, there's a
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professional pride in getting the details
right. Also, I had a script that did it for me.
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stops reading from book
Well, there we go.
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J: Woohoo, I think you should...we all
think the big applause right now.
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C D: I just realized, that I found out
about Anonymouth at 25C3.
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J: Really?
C D: I completely, like when I chose the
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reading, I wasn't thinking about that. And
as I was reading, I was like, didn't I
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learn about this at a CCC? And I did.
J: And now you're writing about it.
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C D: Yeah. Yeah. That's why I write off my
trips to hacker cons.
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J: Huh. Do you actually use all those
things for your research?
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C D: Uh, many of them. I can't say, that I
use Anonymouth, because I don't have to
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forge many things, nor do I have to
puncture forgeries. But I mean, the thing
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that immediately struck me during the
Anonymouth presentation was, if you
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were like a fanfic writer, who wanted to
find all the ways that your Harry Potter
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story was not quite like a J.K. Rowling
Harry Potter story, you could then tweak
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your story to Rowling-ify it using
Anonymouth. Right. Using this
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plagiarism detectors, that are, you see,
an adversarial stylometry tool. Of course,
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today, if you just wanted to make it seem
like J.K. Rowling, you'd throw in some
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transphobic stuff. So, that would that
would be the clincher.
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J: Probably, yes.
C D: Yeah.
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J: But there's a pretty interesting
discussion of that. Because lots of
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authors and actually publishers are so
freaking out about text AIs, that can
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generate texts, that are pretty good
already. Not like human yet, but pretty
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good.
C D: Aha.
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J: Umm...
C D:Yeah.
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J: I think there's something behind that
already.
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C D: I used a GPT3 composition tool, that
some people I know built and played around
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with it. And it is really far from doing
the kind of work I do. I don't know. I
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won't say that it's really far from
automating some tasks. Obviously it
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automates some tasks. But I think, that the
state of GPT3 is such that, if you are
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worried about losing your job to GPT3, you
probably have a really boring, terrible
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job. Because it's not producing anything
that...I mean, apart from kind of text art.
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It's fun text art. I mean, I think maybe
you could, like, replace Internet trolls
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with it, you know. Every now and again,
I'll write about, like, you know,
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criticism of Modi and these huge,
like, Hindu nationalist troll armies will
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come after me and that the messages are so
self similar that they're really easy to
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identify and block. You don't even like a
second word. It's just like, you know,
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block report and away you go. But, if they
had, like, a good GPT3 package, they could
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probably make a whole series of harassing
messages that would be harder to detect.
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But again, like, I'm not worried about
those people losing their jobs. I am
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worried about, you know, the possibility
of like vast disinformation campaigns, that
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are harder to block or detect, but not
about the, you know, technology driven
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automation unemployment as a result of all
of the Internet trolls being replaced.
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laughs
J: Yeah, I'm totally with you at that
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point, because there will always be the
love for human generated text, for the art
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of or behind it.
And there are somehow, yeah...
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C D: A lot of the most remarkable
GPT3 blocks, that have appeared, right,
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where people of like use GPT3 to make
something, turn out to be straight up
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copy-pastes of actual texts written by
humans, because GPT3 sometimes will just
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regurgitate, like, half paragraphs, whole
paragraphs that are part of its training
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data. And so, again, like that is a very
impressive task, right, finding the, like,
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the best paragraph from a bunch of pre-
written paragraphs by humans. That is
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impressive and it amounts to something,
but it's not the same as composing it.
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J: Yeah, that's totally right. And it was
pretty depressing I think, that when we put
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some legal texts into a Markov chain
and made a game, ok, which is the real
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legal text and which is the Markov chain,
and we made 3 or 4 rounds and
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people always failed.
C D: Yeah, I'm not surprised. I mean, it's
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an open secret that like it was several
months after Twitter's launch that someone
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noticed that Twitter's terms of service
represent repeatedly mentioned Flickr,
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because they copied and pasted Flickr's
terms of service to make them Twitter's
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terms of service. And, like, no one, not
even Twitter's lawyers had read the terms
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of service to notice that, it didn't
mention Twitter. So, you know, I'm not
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surprised. Like literally nobody reads
those, right? Those are like self-
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reproducing text viruses.
J: Yeah, actually they are. Shall we have
00:16:19.270 --> 00:16:22.930
a look into the questions we still have?
C D: Yeah
00:16:22.930 --> 00:16:28.079
J: So, we do have 2 parts I think!?
C:D: Right, I only have one of them.
00:16:28.079 --> 00:16:33.301
J: I think you have the one from the...
your previous talk.
00:16:33.301 --> 00:16:37.439
C D: So, I can... One of my answer, one or two of
these and then you can think about the
00:16:37.439 --> 00:16:48.060
rest of these. Right. So. What's the one
that I liked here, oh, was ... We can't
00:16:48.060 --> 00:16:52.939
use Antimonopoly. It's not like you can
dissolve Facebook overnight,
00:16:52.939 --> 00:16:56.079
realistically, what's the roadmap to a
more sustainable environment? So I think
00:16:56.079 --> 00:17:02.560
that misunderstands the benefits of a
protracted antitrust action. That, you
00:17:02.560 --> 00:17:07.439
know, if we were to say to Facebook,
all right, we're going to break out
00:17:07.439 --> 00:17:13.090
WhatsApp and Insta. Which I think we could
do even without invoking antimonopoly law.
00:17:13.090 --> 00:17:19.970
I think you could say that, especially in
the EU, their merger was was contingent on
00:17:19.970 --> 00:17:24.290
them not merging the backends of Facebook,
Instagram and WhatsApp. And then they
00:17:24.290 --> 00:17:27.501
later merged the backends of Facebook,
Instagram and WhatsApp. And I think if you
00:17:27.501 --> 00:17:34.340
are given regulatory forbearance, if
you're given an exemption to a regulation
00:17:34.340 --> 00:17:38.750
on promise of certain conduct, then if you
engage in that conduct, then we should
00:17:38.750 --> 00:17:44.420
just revoke it. Right? We should just
revoke the forbearance. I
00:17:44.420 --> 00:17:49.370
think that's a pretty straightforward
lift. But even if it were to take a long
00:17:49.370 --> 00:17:55.550
time, even if we spent a decade trying to
make Google spin out its ad tech stack,
00:17:55.550 --> 00:18:03.040
which I think we should do. That 10 years
would really like dramatically alter the
00:18:03.040 --> 00:18:07.410
way that investors and corporate
executives thought about anti-competitive
00:18:07.410 --> 00:18:15.730
conduct. Right? It would get all
of the the people who are currently, when
00:18:15.730 --> 00:18:20.850
they balance out, you know, the upside of
a monopoly and the downside of monopoly,
00:18:20.850 --> 00:18:25.040
it would weight the downside much more
heavily. And you would get the kind of
00:18:25.040 --> 00:18:30.440
forbearance you got, say from IBM, when
they didn't go after Tom Jennings,
00:18:30.440 --> 00:18:36.030
when he was making the Phoenix ROM. And
you would then see things like investment.
00:18:36.030 --> 00:18:42.201
So, you know, the thing, that market
believers say about markets is, that they
00:18:42.201 --> 00:18:46.550
respond very quickly and regulators
respond slowly. And that's true. The
00:18:46.550 --> 00:18:51.370
markets are very quick. You can
see that in the growth of technologies
00:18:51.370 --> 00:18:56.900
over the crisis. Right? Like think of how
quickly markets turned Zoom into the thing
00:18:56.900 --> 00:19:01.970
that we all use. Right. It was, you know,
if you tried to regulate a video
00:19:01.970 --> 00:19:06.330
conferencing system, though, by the time
the consultations were done and so on, it
00:19:06.330 --> 00:19:09.700
would have been years later. And markets
are actually pretty good at fighting
00:19:09.700 --> 00:19:15.410
monopolies, if they're well regulated.
Right. You know, the reason, that venture
00:19:15.410 --> 00:19:21.720
capitalists don't fund Facebook
competitors is not because they, you know,
00:19:21.720 --> 00:19:25.431
love Facebook and they wouldn't
want to see Facebook in trouble. It's
00:19:25.431 --> 00:19:28.580
because, they think that, if they tried to
fight Facebook, Facebook would destroy
00:19:28.580 --> 00:19:34.590
them. And so, if we were to put Facebook on
notice that everything it did from now on
00:19:34.590 --> 00:19:37.800
was going to be part of this ongoing
antitrust action, which I think just
00:19:37.800 --> 00:19:42.840
happened right just before Christmas with
the new slate of anti-trust suits against
00:19:42.840 --> 00:19:48.640
them. Then, if you can make that, if you
can make an investor understand that you
00:19:48.640 --> 00:19:54.340
could get capital to start a competitor to
Facebook. Now, in terms of what we can do
00:19:54.340 --> 00:20:01.420
that fits between antitrust action and
nothing, what we can do to get like jam
00:20:01.420 --> 00:20:08.310
today instead of jam tomorrow, there's two
courses involving interoperability. So one
00:20:08.310 --> 00:20:12.370
of them is is already in the Digital
Services Act. It was in the Access Act
00:20:12.370 --> 00:20:19.940
that was proposed in the US last year. And
the DSA and the Access Act
00:20:19.940 --> 00:20:23.920
both have these mandatory interoperability
components where they say, you know,
00:20:23.920 --> 00:20:28.320
Facebook must produce an interface that
third parties can log into. And they have
00:20:28.320 --> 00:20:30.730
different ways of trying to make sure that
that third party isn't Cambridge
00:20:30.730 --> 00:20:36.240
Analytica. And it's going to be, it's
hard, but it will open some
00:20:36.240 --> 00:20:41.550
regulatory space in concert with these
antitrust enforcement actions. But even
00:20:41.550 --> 00:20:50.820
more exciting would be an interoperator's
defense, a law or a regulation that said,
00:20:50.820 --> 00:20:56.550
if you devise a way to interface a new
product with an existing product for a
00:20:56.550 --> 00:21:02.550
legitimate purpose, including increased
consumer freedom, security auditing,
00:21:02.550 --> 00:21:07.810
accessibility for people with disabilities
and you know independent repair and so on,
00:21:07.810 --> 00:21:12.400
that notwithstanding any law, software
patents, copyrights, terms of service,
00:21:12.400 --> 00:21:17.580
trade secrecy, non-compete, you have an
absolute defense. And obviously passing
00:21:17.580 --> 00:21:21.250
that law would be really hard, but it
wouldn't have to come legislatively, like
00:21:21.250 --> 00:21:27.950
you could imagine bits and pieces of it
emerging. Like maybe we say to Facebook
00:21:27.950 --> 00:21:32.890
that the remedy for it's unlawful and
deceptive merger with Instagram and
00:21:32.890 --> 00:21:38.070
WhatsApp is that they have to sign a
consent decree saying they won't punish
00:21:38.070 --> 00:21:42.390
people who build interoperable services on
this basis. And so they have to act as
00:21:42.390 --> 00:21:45.300
though that were the law, even if it
wasn't the law. Or we might see things
00:21:45.300 --> 00:21:49.360
like a procurement guideline where you
know we might have educational
00:21:49.360 --> 00:21:53.730
authorities who say to Google, yeah, we're
going to buy Google classroom site
00:21:53.730 --> 00:21:58.890
licenses for all of our locked down kids,
but as a condition of that, you have to
00:21:58.890 --> 00:22:04.550
promise that you will not seek any kind of
vengeance against people who do the
00:22:04.550 --> 00:22:09.970
following things. Or we might say to
Apple, as a procurement matter, if we're
00:22:09.970 --> 00:22:14.220
going to buy fifty thousand iPads for our
school district, you have to promise not
00:22:14.220 --> 00:22:18.150
to sue people who produce side loading
tools, because we have apps that our
00:22:18.150 --> 00:22:22.470
district depends on, and we can't, you
know, we can't be dependent on you guys
00:22:22.470 --> 00:22:26.860
deciding that you don't want to lock that
app out. And so you get this kind of like
00:22:26.860 --> 00:22:31.740
multilayered stack where you have
antitrust enforcement that is like 'pour
00:22:31.740 --> 00:22:35.880
encourager les autres'. You know,
sometimes you have to execute an admiral
00:22:35.880 --> 00:22:39.950
to encourage the rest of them. And that
just ripples out through the whole sector.
00:22:39.950 --> 00:22:44.480
And then you have interoperability
mandates, through regulation that are slow
00:22:44.480 --> 00:22:49.130
moving, but not as slow moving as
lawsuits. You have new market
00:22:49.130 --> 00:22:53.430
opportunities that are much faster moving
that will depend on both the lawsuits and
00:22:53.430 --> 00:22:57.640
the regulation. And then you have
unilateral actions that governments can
00:22:57.640 --> 00:23:01.460
take with very little consultation
without having to get things
00:23:01.460 --> 00:23:05.280
through parliament where they can just
bind over technology companies to behave
00:23:05.280 --> 00:23:09.760
in certain ways so that, you know, they
must do it. Like imagine if the remedy for
00:23:09.760 --> 00:23:15.400
Dieselgate was that the German state said
to Volkswagen and other giant German
00:23:15.400 --> 00:23:20.130
automakers, you are no longer allowed to
block any independent auditing service,
00:23:20.130 --> 00:23:24.980
repair or manufacture of parts for any of
your vehicles. It's a natural remedy,
00:23:24.980 --> 00:23:29.256
right? Like it directly addresses the bad
conduct, but it also creates right to
00:23:29.256 --> 00:23:33.050
repair, interoperability, independent
security auditing, all of that stuff out
00:23:33.050 --> 00:23:37.270
of the gate. And like you could get it
just as part of a consent decree. You
00:23:37.270 --> 00:23:41.240
could get it just with the German
regulator talking to the lawyers for Audi
00:23:41.240 --> 00:23:45.500
and saying, if you don't want your CEO to
go to jail, you have to sign this paper.
00:23:45.500 --> 00:23:49.290
Right? And then then you get actual, like
fast moving action. And so I think it's
00:23:49.290 --> 00:23:55.730
that kind of holistic thinking about how
technology, markets, law and norms all
00:23:55.730 --> 00:24:00.310
work together that gets us to a solution.
And then as against this backdrop,
00:24:00.310 --> 00:24:05.920
remember, that there are people who are
worried about monopolies in beer who are
00:24:05.920 --> 00:24:08.790
going to be fighting your corner. And
there's people are going to be upset that
00:24:08.790 --> 00:24:13.970
all glasses are made by one company,
Luxottica in Italy, who've raised prices a
00:24:13.970 --> 00:24:17.400
thousand percent over the last decade, who
are also going to be fighting your corner
00:24:17.400 --> 00:24:21.960
on this. And so, you know, as opposed to
being a war on a thousand fronts, this is
00:24:21.960 --> 00:24:26.790
going to be a battle with a thousand
allies. And that's going to make that
00:24:26.790 --> 00:24:32.490
antitrust stuff move a lot faster than it
did with Microsoft, because this won't be
00:24:32.490 --> 00:24:38.390
just a one off assault on Microsoft, or on
Google, or on Facebook. This is going to be
00:24:38.390 --> 00:24:42.920
like a global movement to it to attack
monopolism itself.
00:24:42.920 --> 00:24:51.380
J: As I just said, markets, ecosystems.
There was another pretty interesting
00:24:51.380 --> 00:24:56.494
question about, by the way,
interoperability and free and open source
00:24:56.494 --> 00:25:06.480
ecosystems and things like probably the
fattyverse or so, that just rise and come
00:25:06.480 --> 00:25:14.501
up as a yeah as a real alternative to the
solutions we've had over the last 10 or 15
00:25:14.501 --> 00:25:19.675
years? What do you see in those?
C D: So I think the thing that's missing,
00:25:19.675 --> 00:25:23.260
I mean, I like them. I use them. I have a
Mastodon account. I'm actually trying to
00:25:23.260 --> 00:25:31.684
stand up a Mastodon server right now. And
but the problem with Diaspora, Mastodon
00:25:31.684 --> 00:25:37.240
and other, like federated answers to
Facebook is not centralization
00:25:37.240 --> 00:25:42.340
versus decentralization or features versus
non-features. It's interoperability.
00:25:42.340 --> 00:25:47.770
Specifically, it's both the lack of a
standardized interoperable means of
00:25:47.770 --> 00:25:51.820
connecting to these services, which, to
its credit, Twitter is actually like
00:25:51.820 --> 00:25:56.080
trying to do something about Twitter's
Project Blue Sky. I think they have
00:25:56.080 --> 00:26:00.550
like, they've sat down and they've gone
like, well, having absolute control of our
00:26:00.550 --> 00:26:05.720
users is worth this much. Not being
responsible for moderating content is
00:26:05.720 --> 00:26:10.211
worth this much. The only way we get out
from not moderating content is by not
00:26:10.211 --> 00:26:13.710
owning the content, not having the
capacity to moderate the content
00:26:13.710 --> 00:26:18.170
and just being like a federator or a
central node and a federator. And so
00:26:18.170 --> 00:26:22.080
they're kind of moving towards it. And
they want to provide like a managed
00:26:22.080 --> 00:26:26.636
interface. Right. They want to have, like,
you know, a standardized API that everyone
00:26:26.636 --> 00:26:29.730
accesses. The problem with those
standardized APIs is that Twitter used to
00:26:29.730 --> 00:26:34.840
have them and then they took them away. So
you know the thing that produces an
00:26:34.840 --> 00:26:40.630
equilibrium where those standardized APIs
are both good and durable is competitive
00:26:40.630 --> 00:26:46.020
compatibility. If you know, that the day
you withdraw the standardized API, hackers
00:26:46.020 --> 00:26:51.460
all over the world are going to write bots
that just replace the API with scrapers,
00:26:51.460 --> 00:26:55.245
that you're going to have to fight like
this, it's like marching on
00:26:55.245 --> 00:26:58.750
Stalingrad, right? Like you're just going
to have, like, this kind of endless
00:26:58.750 --> 00:27:06.270
grinding trench warfare with with hackers
who will be legally immunized from your
00:27:06.270 --> 00:27:11.660
from any legal tool you have to shut them
down. And all you'll be able to do is just
00:27:11.660 --> 00:27:17.490
tweak intrusion detection system rules and
try in a system with hundreds of millions
00:27:17.490 --> 00:27:23.250
of users to distinguish users who are just
weird from bots. Right. Because like, when
00:27:23.250 --> 00:27:26.980
you have, like think about Facebook, right.
Facebook's got 2.6 billion users
00:27:26.980 --> 00:27:30.620
and has 2.6 million, one in a
million use cases or 2.6
00:27:30.620 --> 00:27:35.490
thousand one in a million use cases every
single day. Right. So distinguishing the
00:27:35.490 --> 00:27:39.500
dolphins from the tuna in your tuna net is
going to be really hard when you're
00:27:39.500 --> 00:27:43.690
operating at that scale. And so,
you know, when you're like in the
00:27:43.690 --> 00:27:48.360
meeting with the head of, the CTO and the
CSO and the chief marketing officer and
00:27:48.360 --> 00:27:51.910
the CFO and the shareholders and
the board, and they're like "We need more
00:27:51.910 --> 00:27:55.441
revenue. We're going to shut down the API,
we're going to nerf the API". The
00:27:55.441 --> 00:27:59.331
technologists in the room can say this is
what the bill for that is going to look
00:27:59.331 --> 00:28:04.401
like and it's going to exceed the excess
capital we get from blocking the API. And
00:28:04.401 --> 00:28:09.930
so, you know, this idea that, like, we can
just like all of us, decide that next
00:28:09.930 --> 00:28:13.540
Wednesday we're going to shut down our
Twitter accounts and reopen them on
00:28:13.540 --> 00:28:18.500
Mastodon. It's crazy. It's not how
technology has ever worked, right? The way
00:28:18.500 --> 00:28:23.710
that we got Keynote as like a standard for
a lot of people's PowerPoint presentations
00:28:23.710 --> 00:28:28.740
or conference presentations was not by
everyone saying, like: On Thursday, the
00:28:28.740 --> 00:28:33.070
21st we stop using PowerPoint, we
start using Keynote. It was by iWorks
00:28:33.070 --> 00:28:36.870
Suite being able to read and write
PowerPoint files. And by having this kind
00:28:36.870 --> 00:28:41.850
of this, this kind of protracted period
where it was not binary. Right? Like
00:28:41.850 --> 00:28:45.570
you can have one foot in one camp, one
foot in the other, you know, I analogize it
00:28:45.570 --> 00:28:50.630
sometimes to my family's migration
history, where my grandmother was a Soviet
00:28:50.630 --> 00:28:56.110
refugee. She came to Canada and she lost
touch with her family for 15 years. Right?
00:28:56.110 --> 00:29:00.790
She couldn't phone them. She couldn't
write to them, like they exchanged
00:29:00.790 --> 00:29:04.410
messages. Sometimes if someone got a visa
to go to Leningrad, they she would tell
00:29:04.410 --> 00:29:08.950
them what to tell her mother if they could
find her mother. And, you know,
00:29:08.950 --> 00:29:13.340
obviously, like leaving the Soviet Union
was really hard for my family. It was a
00:29:13.340 --> 00:29:17.610
really hard choice, even though Canada was
a better place to be for them because of
00:29:17.610 --> 00:29:21.610
the very high costs that came with it. And
they have family members. I have family
00:29:21.610 --> 00:29:26.160
members in St. Petersburg who never came,
because the cost was too high. So five
00:29:26.160 --> 00:29:30.090
years ago, I left London and moved to Los
Angeles. And here I am in my office in Los
00:29:30.090 --> 00:29:34.120
Angeles. Not only did all of my books come
with me, but let me see if I can get it in
00:29:34.120 --> 00:29:37.970
the frame over there is my theremin. OK,
that's the theremin that I bought that
00:29:37.970 --> 00:29:42.720
runs on British voltage that has a little
mains adapter. We just got off a zoom call
00:29:42.720 --> 00:29:47.530
with my relatives in London and we talk to
my family in Canada every week. So for us,
00:29:47.530 --> 00:29:50.750
the switching costs were really low
because if we changed our mind, we could
00:29:50.750 --> 00:29:54.990
go back. And in fact, this is the third
time I've moved to Los Angeles so I could
00:29:54.990 --> 00:29:58.820
I could try Los Angeles, see how it
worked, go back to London, come back. It
00:29:58.820 --> 00:30:03.010
was expensive, right? But it wasn't
leaving the Soviet Union in the forties
00:30:03.010 --> 00:30:08.220
expensive. And so, you know, by all means,
build the place that people who want to
00:30:08.220 --> 00:30:13.440
escape Mark Zuckerberg's Iron Curtain will
find as a happy home. But give them the
00:30:13.440 --> 00:30:17.250
ability to have one foot in one, one foot
in the other. And, you know, the other
00:30:17.250 --> 00:30:22.100
piece of this is every time Zuckerberg
says, oh, I'm blocking Interop tools to
00:30:22.100 --> 00:30:27.270
keep my users safe. Remember that in the
DDR they said the Berlin Wall isn't to
00:30:27.270 --> 00:30:32.770
keep East Germans in, it's to keep West
Germans out of the workers paradise. And
00:30:32.770 --> 00:30:41.641
it's the same fucking excuse.
J: It always is. I just got in a message
00:30:41.641 --> 00:30:49.760
here and probably an interesting question,
by the way, or actually two, linking
00:30:49.760 --> 00:30:59.480
together. Coming back to the monopolies,
you did not say much about Amazon on your
00:30:59.480 --> 00:31:05.980
talk before. And we'll have another
question for the fireside chat here with
00:31:05.980 --> 00:31:14.450
your book. That the person asked why you
actually went away from publishing under
00:31:14.450 --> 00:31:22.230
the CC licenses and went to bigger
publishing houses. Would you like to
00:31:22.230 --> 00:31:25.740
explain probably why, also the Amazon part
then...
00:31:25.740 --> 00:31:29.750
C D: I didn't work Amazon in just because
of time pressure, but all of this stuff
00:31:29.750 --> 00:31:34.101
applies to Amazon. I mean, I think the
most interesting thing about Amazon is in
00:31:34.101 --> 00:31:38.850
terms of its worker uprising, where
there's been an explicit, so remember that
00:31:38.850 --> 00:31:42.830
all tech companies are split into some of
the highest paid workers on Earth and some
00:31:42.830 --> 00:31:46.351
of the lowest paid workers on Earth.
Right. And so in Amazon's case, that's
00:31:46.351 --> 00:31:50.150
like the warehouse workers who have some
of the worst working conditions and so on.
00:31:50.150 --> 00:31:55.700
And explicitly, the tech worker uprising
in Amazon was in solidarity with the
00:31:55.700 --> 00:32:00.290
warehouse workers. And that's really
interesting, right, because it's crossing
00:32:00.290 --> 00:32:05.420
these class boundaries and it's crossing
these divisions that the firms themselves
00:32:05.420 --> 00:32:10.330
deliberately created to prevent
solidarity. You know, in the same way that
00:32:10.330 --> 00:32:15.259
in the early days of the trade union
movement in the US, if the Italian auto
00:32:15.259 --> 00:32:18.720
workers were on strike, they'd bring in
German auto workers to break the strike
00:32:18.720 --> 00:32:22.850
and they would try to make it about
Germans and Italians, not workers. In the
00:32:22.850 --> 00:32:27.459
same way, you have this kind of, you divide
up the workplace into contractors and non-
00:32:27.459 --> 00:32:32.920
contractors, green badges and blue badges.
And it it works to drive a fracture line
00:32:32.920 --> 00:32:38.750
between different people who actually have
shared interests. In terms of publishing.
00:32:38.750 --> 00:32:42.230
Well, it's about monopolies. There's five
publishers left and in fact, there's about
00:32:42.230 --> 00:32:46.130
to be four because Bertelsmann is buying
Simon and Schuster, assuming the DOJ lets
00:32:46.130 --> 00:32:49.960
them do it, which, you know, this is kind
of like the first litmus test of whether
00:32:49.960 --> 00:32:57.070
Biden's DOJ has got like any real serious
commitment to blocking monopolistic
00:32:57.070 --> 00:33:01.130
mergers, because the idea that we should
go from five companies to four in
00:33:01.130 --> 00:33:07.920
publishing is outrageous. There's just no
reason for it. So the, you know, with five
00:33:07.920 --> 00:33:14.040
publishers, there's exactly one that lets
me go DRM free, and that's Tor. And Tor
00:33:14.040 --> 00:33:19.900
was also the only one that would let me go
Creative Commons. And they change their
00:33:19.900 --> 00:33:26.490
mind. And so the choice was try and self
publish, which frankly, like I've done it,
00:33:26.490 --> 00:33:30.981
it's hard work. I would get one tenth as
many books written and I would go to my
00:33:30.981 --> 00:33:37.540
deathbed with dozens of unwritten books
but a better Creative Commons track record
00:33:37.540 --> 00:33:43.400
or suck it up and I sucked it up. I don't
like it and they know I don't like it. I
00:33:43.400 --> 00:33:48.050
like Tor. They're the smallest, most,
they're owned by McMillan, which is owned
00:33:48.050 --> 00:33:54.910
by von Holtzbrink and you know they're the
smallest, they're most ethical. They're the
00:33:54.910 --> 00:34:00.450
ones that I like the best. But they didn't
like the Creative Commons licenses in the
00:34:00.450 --> 00:34:06.662
end. And so that was where I ended up. It
sucks now you know, I can still cc license
00:34:06.662 --> 00:34:09.890
the other stuff that I do. And if
anything, I've become more permissive in
00:34:09.890 --> 00:34:15.449
that. And I left Boing Boing almost a year
ago, a year minus a week and a half ago.
00:34:15.449 --> 00:34:19.990
And when I left, I started this new thing
called Pluralistic. And Boing Boing was
00:34:19.990 --> 00:34:25.440
licensed under a very restrictive cc
license. This is cc-by. It's as close as
00:34:25.440 --> 00:34:30.251
you get to a public domain without going
cc-zero, it just requires attribution. And
00:34:30.251 --> 00:34:34.639
so pluralistic is a pretty significant
piece of writing. I am taking a break from
00:34:34.639 --> 00:34:39.460
it this week, but I write three or four
substantial articles every day that are
00:34:39.460 --> 00:34:45.990
cc-zero or cc-by and that I think like,
you know, if you're interested in my work,
00:34:45.990 --> 00:34:50.110
like there's a lot of it out there under
extremely generous, far more generous than
00:34:50.110 --> 00:34:54.109
my novels' cc licenses. I wish I could do
the cc licenses to. I mean, if nothing
00:34:54.109 --> 00:34:58.359
else, I mean, this is a little inside
baseball, but given that it's a German
00:34:58.359 --> 00:35:03.329
audience and it's relevant to Germany. So
the Germans that I meet who've read Little
00:35:03.329 --> 00:35:06.490
Brother and my other books inevitably
found them through Creative Commons
00:35:06.490 --> 00:35:11.150
licenses. In part, I think because English
works in Germany are still pretty
00:35:11.150 --> 00:35:14.480
expensive relative to the German
translations. And Germans have a high
00:35:14.480 --> 00:35:18.589
enough literacy in English that they like
to read original English texts. And so
00:35:18.589 --> 00:35:23.740
before there were e-book markets that
served Germany with English language text,
00:35:23.740 --> 00:35:27.022
the only way to get an English language
ebook was to pirate it or get a
00:35:27.022 --> 00:35:30.680
cc one, and mine was the only cc one. So
what's interesting about that is now,
00:35:30.680 --> 00:35:35.124
thanks to Tor books, I'm able to run my
own eBook store if you go to craphound.com
00:35:35.124 --> 00:35:40.730
slash shop, I have an eBook store, it's DRM
Free, EULA free books, and the way the
00:35:40.730 --> 00:35:45.180
publishing contracts work is my British
publisher has rights in British
00:35:45.180 --> 00:35:48.789
territories except Canada, like former
British Empire territories, except
00:35:48.789 --> 00:35:56.820
Canada. India, Australia, Canada, New
Zealand, the UK and so on. And my American
00:35:56.820 --> 00:36:03.039
publisher has rights in the US and Canada.
And then nobody has the exclusive right to
00:36:03.039 --> 00:36:08.900
non English speaking territories, like
Germany. And about 10 to 15 percent of my
00:36:08.900 --> 00:36:14.180
ebook sales come from Germany. And I get
all the money from those, right. When I
00:36:14.180 --> 00:36:18.799
sell an ebook in the UK, I give 70 percent
of the money to my publisher and then they
00:36:18.799 --> 00:36:22.750
give me twenty five percent back as my
royalty. When I sell a book in the US, I
00:36:22.750 --> 00:36:26.460
give seventy percent to my US publisher
and they give me back twenty five percent
00:36:26.460 --> 00:36:30.630
as my royalty. When I sell a book in
Germany, I keep all of it. I get twice as
00:36:30.630 --> 00:36:35.700
much money. And so 10 to 15 percent of my
readership are in Germany and they account
00:36:35.700 --> 00:36:41.210
for 30 percent of my gross receipts from
the website. And so that is like super
00:36:41.210 --> 00:36:45.093
cool. And you know I understand that my
publisher is not neither here nor there on
00:36:45.093 --> 00:36:49.080
that one because they don't get a dime
from it. But for me, my German audience is
00:36:49.080 --> 00:36:53.400
super important. My German, English
speaking audience, is super important.
00:36:53.400 --> 00:37:04.579
J: And, would have self-publishing ever
be a way for you in the largest scale,
00:37:04.579 --> 00:37:14.240
so like Joanna Penn is doing in the UK?
C D: It's just a lot of work. I mean, it
00:37:14.240 --> 00:37:21.160
is like like I work at 16 to 18 hour day,
most days. Like I did the - so writing
00:37:21.160 --> 00:37:26.250
Pluralistic, doing EFF and working on
novels during the crisis, the first day I
00:37:26.250 --> 00:37:33.980
took off between March 19th, after March
19th was December the 17th. So I didn't
00:37:33.980 --> 00:37:38.720
have a weekend off, I didn't have a day
off. So and I wrote a book. I wrote a book
00:37:38.720 --> 00:37:44.099
during the crisis and I self published an
audio book and I had four books come out.
00:37:44.099 --> 00:37:51.700
And - you know, I if - if I were doing
more, if I were doing the stuff that my
00:37:51.700 --> 00:37:55.339
publisher does, I wouldn't have written
that book. I would have written maybe half
00:37:55.339 --> 00:38:02.096
that book. And so it's just a matter
of how much time I have. And, you know, I
00:38:02.096 --> 00:38:05.440
have done an experiment. I did a self
publish short story collection and made a
00:38:05.440 --> 00:38:08.530
bunch of money, like relative to how short
story - short story collections
00:38:08.530 --> 00:38:11.544
don't make a lot of money usually. So it
made about three times as much, four times
00:38:11.544 --> 00:38:17.160
as much. But the amount of the actual
gross dollars that it made was
00:38:17.160 --> 00:38:21.690
significantly less than I would get for
going through a publisher. And you know
00:38:21.690 --> 00:38:29.700
that the amount of extra work was a
novel's worth of work. And so I just, you
00:38:29.700 --> 00:38:34.839
know, back to, like what I want to be
worried about on my deathbed. And I would
00:38:34.839 --> 00:38:43.530
much rather have published all of these
books without EULAs, without DRM and, you
00:38:43.530 --> 00:38:49.490
know, argued for a more robust set of fair
dealing and fair use rules that would
00:38:49.490 --> 00:38:53.359
allow people to use them widely than
having written half as many books, but
00:38:53.359 --> 00:38:55.930
gotten them all out under CC to a much
smaller audience.
00:38:55.930 --> 00:38:59.170
J: Yeah, it's a [balances with
hands], yeah.
00:38:59.170 --> 00:39:03.700
C D: It's not, I mean, I'm not thrilled
about it. It's like and maybe it's the
00:39:03.700 --> 00:39:09.220
wrong call - I don't know. But it's like,
you know. It's the call I made for now.
00:39:09.220 --> 00:39:13.250
You know, if we see massive de-
monopolization, maybe it'll get easier.
00:39:13.250 --> 00:39:21.550
J: Hmm. I see in the chat. We do have a
question. So, do we want to try to have
00:39:21.550 --> 00:39:26.910
someone free the microphone and ask the
question here in the room?
00:39:26.910 --> 00:39:30.109
Guest-sir#3: I think I'm now unmuted.
J: Yes, you're.
00:39:30.109 --> 00:39:34.421
Guest: Hi Cory, just a quick question. So
as the readers, is there anything we can
00:39:34.421 --> 00:39:38.779
do about this? It seems like the business
of publishing is pretty in, let's say, a
00:39:38.779 --> 00:39:41.660
bit of a difficult situation. Is there
anything we can do?
00:39:41.660 --> 00:39:46.910
C D: Yeah, I mean, I think this is the
problem with our consumerism more broadly
00:39:46.910 --> 00:39:51.359
is that, you know, consumerism, the value
of consumer rights movements - and there
00:39:51.359 --> 00:39:54.440
are some very, you know EFF, have has its
origins in consumer rights, groups like
00:39:54.440 --> 00:39:58.750
BEUC and EDRI are fundamentally
consumer rights groups - the value
00:39:58.750 --> 00:40:03.609
of them is they work fast, right? Like
consumer power is fast power, but
00:40:03.609 --> 00:40:14.510
its limited power and citizen power is
slow. But consumers can't, by definition, can't
00:40:14.510 --> 00:40:20.109
shop their way out of a monopoly. Making
better consumer choices, making better
00:40:20.109 --> 00:40:25.640
individual choices will not solve
monopolism because the whole point of
00:40:25.640 --> 00:40:29.849
monopolism is that the meaningful choices
have been taken off the table. That's
00:40:29.849 --> 00:40:33.720
- that's the real problem of monopolism is
the way that it distorts our public
00:40:33.720 --> 00:40:38.750
policy. And so for that, you need to be
involved in democracy. And so to be
00:40:38.750 --> 00:40:45.090
involved in democracy is to not think of
yourself primarily as an actor whose voice
00:40:45.090 --> 00:40:51.099
is felt through purchase decisions, but
rather through someone who's part of a
00:40:51.099 --> 00:41:00.002
movement. And, you know, the good news is
that there's a wide political spectrum of
00:41:00.002 --> 00:41:05.510
mainstream political movements that are
concerned with monopoly right now. And
00:41:05.510 --> 00:41:10.230
it's not the exclusive purview of the
left. I mean, the right for a long time,
00:41:10.230 --> 00:41:15.500
we're universally cheerleaders for
monopoly. But increasingly, you
00:41:15.500 --> 00:41:21.510
know,they're like: Well, I was fine when
Facebook was de platforming anti-pipeline
00:41:21.510 --> 00:41:27.050
activists and trans-rights activists. But
now that Alex Jones is gone, I'm you know,
00:41:27.050 --> 00:41:31.819
where will AfD meet if not on Facebook?
And so now suddenly they're all worried
00:41:31.819 --> 00:41:38.079
about monopoly. And, you know, the risk is
that they will structure their anti-
00:41:38.079 --> 00:41:41.950
monopoly remedies in ways that actually
just make the monopoly stronger. The big
00:41:41.950 --> 00:41:50.819
one of those is arguing for more intense,
more fine grained accountability for
00:41:50.819 --> 00:41:55.630
moderation decisions. And the thing about
that is, the reason that Facebook makes bad
00:41:55.630 --> 00:42:01.090
moderation decisions is not merely because
Mark Zuckerberg is not well suited to
00:42:01.090 --> 00:42:04.631
being in charge of the lives of 2.6
billion people. It's because, like no
00:42:04.631 --> 00:42:09.720
one on Earth should have that job. And, if
we say, all right, you've got to moderate
00:42:09.720 --> 00:42:13.849
all the bad stuff or moderate better or
not have more false positives or
00:42:13.849 --> 00:42:18.609
whatever, stop harassment or anything
else, all we do is we create this like
00:42:18.609 --> 00:42:23.599
floor underneath which no one can afford
to participate as an alternative to
00:42:23.599 --> 00:42:28.200
Facebook. And that just makes Facebook the
endless monopoly. And I fear that both the
00:42:28.200 --> 00:42:34.180
right and the left - for their own reasons
- are in their anti-monopoly energy going
00:42:34.180 --> 00:42:38.900
down the wrong path here. And so this is
where we need people in movements who are
00:42:38.900 --> 00:42:43.390
technologists and understand the
technology and can say - in the same way
00:42:43.390 --> 00:42:48.420
that we've said now for decades,
whenever someone says: Oh, we need to get
00:42:48.420 --> 00:42:53.890
rid of cryptography and replace it with
cryptography-with-lawful-access-back-doors
00:42:53.890 --> 00:42:58.440
and that will only let the good guys in
and won't let the bad guys in - and we say
00:42:58.440 --> 00:43:03.200
to them, look, you know, I am here as your
constituent, as a technologist, as someone
00:43:03.200 --> 00:43:06.960
who works in the field and I'm going to
explain to you what's at risk and why that
00:43:06.960 --> 00:43:10.680
doesn't work. You know, in words that you
can understand. We need to go in and have
00:43:10.680 --> 00:43:16.960
those same conversations about moderation
and about this idea that, like, it's not
00:43:16.960 --> 00:43:23.700
too late for a dynamic Internet. That we
can we can aspire to something better than
00:43:23.700 --> 00:43:28.980
a slightly more responsible Facebook. That
we can aspire to a more self determining
00:43:28.980 --> 00:43:34.009
more pluralistic Internet where you don't
have to hope that Facebook cleans up its
00:43:34.009 --> 00:43:40.030
act. You can just go somewhere else. Whose
policies you like better and still talk to
00:43:40.030 --> 00:43:45.759
your Facebook friends.
J: Hmm. And as you just said activists and
00:43:45.759 --> 00:43:51.319
all the bad stuff. We have some more
questions here. You also said
00:43:51.319 --> 00:43:59.364
something about that dividing and fracture
line before where workers were divided.
00:43:59.364 --> 00:44:10.058
And I have a question: Why do all those,
or most, or many left-wing communities
00:44:10.058 --> 00:44:16.680
split up about fundamental discussions
while right wing people just stick
00:44:16.680 --> 00:44:22.970
together and, yeah, try to to work
together for benefits?
00:44:22.970 --> 00:44:27.660
C D: Well, I think that I mean, it's
multifaceted and that characterization is
00:44:27.660 --> 00:44:32.730
not entirely true, right? You know, the
right wing movements do have really
00:44:32.730 --> 00:44:38.920
serious fracture lines. In Canada, our
conservative party was like many
00:44:38.920 --> 00:44:42.579
conservative parties. One of these
chimeras where you have, you know,
00:44:42.579 --> 00:44:47.349
wealthy people and social conservatives
and wealthy people say you vote for our
00:44:47.349 --> 00:44:51.780
tax breaks and we'll punish women who have
abortions and they fused this
00:44:51.780 --> 00:44:57.749
coalition. And in Canada, after the
Mulroney years - he was our Helmut Kohl
00:44:57.749 --> 00:45:03.559
equivalent - the conservatives were in
such bad odour that they pulled less than
00:45:03.559 --> 00:45:08.310
12 percent in the election, didn't qualify
for free office space on Parliament Hill.
00:45:08.310 --> 00:45:12.172
And the party broke up and became two
parties, the Conservative Party and the
00:45:12.172 --> 00:45:18.731
Reform Party. And hilariously, later on,
they reformed and they were at this all
00:45:18.731 --> 00:45:23.420
party conference and the naming committee
went into a closed room to figure out what
00:45:23.420 --> 00:45:26.069
they were going to call the new party. And
they came up with the Canadian
00:45:26.069 --> 00:45:31.660
Conservative Reform Alliance Party - which
is CRAP. And no one noticed until after
00:45:31.660 --> 00:45:37.400
the press release. But conservative
parties fracture all the time. They have
00:45:37.400 --> 00:45:41.750
really serious, grotesque fracture lines.
The Republican Party is in major
00:45:41.750 --> 00:45:45.970
disarray at the moment and will probably
be in worse disarray after the election.
00:45:45.970 --> 00:45:52.416
The run off in Georgia in January if they
lose control of the Senate because money
00:45:52.416 --> 00:45:55.339
talks and bullshit walks. If you don't
deliver, if your program doesn't deliver
00:45:55.339 --> 00:46:00.369
the majority that allows you to enact the
wider program, then you are discredited
00:46:00.369 --> 00:46:04.619
and you lose your seat. I mean, the
British Tories have undergone the same
00:46:04.619 --> 00:46:08.240
thing. That's what Brexit was. It was a
split in the British Tories. In terms of
00:46:08.240 --> 00:46:12.150
the left, there are lots of reasons the
left splinters. Some of it is what Freud
00:46:12.150 --> 00:46:15.549
called the narcissism of small
differences. You know, you call it free
00:46:15.549 --> 00:46:21.650
software, i call it open source. We can't
be friends anymore. Some of it is
00:46:21.650 --> 00:46:27.820
legitimate differences, which, you know,
there are real meaningful differences
00:46:27.820 --> 00:46:32.779
between, say, liberals in the left. And
there are lots of places where they agree.
00:46:32.779 --> 00:46:36.240
But there are irreconcilable differences.
And when it comes to those breaking
00:46:36.240 --> 00:46:41.577
points, you just, the alliance is going to
fall apart, right? It may, it may -
00:46:41.577 --> 00:46:46.430
personal friendships may endure, but the
wider questions are going to drive it
00:46:46.430 --> 00:46:52.349
apart. And then I just watched a video
with Boots Riley, you know, who is the guy
00:46:52.349 --> 00:46:58.009
who made "Sorry to disturb you", he's a
revolutionary rapper. And he talked about
00:46:58.009 --> 00:47:03.550
the history of the protest movement in the
US and the trade union movement. And one
00:47:03.550 --> 00:47:07.289
thing that is really under reported,
including to my shame by me in the last
00:47:07.289 --> 00:47:11.540
nine months, is that the US had more
wildcat strikes than at any time since
00:47:11.540 --> 00:47:16.170
the 1940s. Strikes where there wasn't a
union, that it was unsanctioned and they
00:47:16.170 --> 00:47:21.600
were in support of the same issues as the
protests that got all the coverage, Black
00:47:21.600 --> 00:47:28.319
Lives Matter and so on. But they didn't
draw the coverage. And Riley was on the
00:47:28.319 --> 00:47:35.609
show talking about the way that the left -
including the radical left in the US -
00:47:35.609 --> 00:47:41.739
moved from strikes to protests. Where the
primary mechanism for enacting a program
00:47:41.739 --> 00:47:45.630
of change was protests and not strikes.
And he said that it came from the anti-
00:47:45.630 --> 00:47:51.380
communist witch hunts of the 1950s and 60s
and that the trade union movement - to
00:47:51.380 --> 00:47:58.249
avoid the penalty of being tarred as
communists by the witch hunters, by the
00:47:58.249 --> 00:48:04.359
McCarthy hearings, they backed away from
radical political agendas and they became
00:48:04.359 --> 00:48:10.440
effectively part of the establishment. And
that the radical left split off and they
00:48:10.440 --> 00:48:17.329
declared that student movements were the
future of political, radical political
00:48:17.329 --> 00:48:22.140
change. And student movements, they can
have symbolic strikes, but a student
00:48:22.140 --> 00:48:26.750
strike is not a strike in the way that
workers strike is, right? A worker strike
00:48:26.750 --> 00:48:30.859
is really fundamental. Like at its core, a
worker strike is the argument that who
00:48:30.859 --> 00:48:38.960
gets to decide how things get made and who
gets to own those things should be in a
00:48:38.960 --> 00:48:43.400
different set of hands, should be
differently organized. It is a
00:48:43.400 --> 00:48:50.079
foundationally different project than a
protest. A protest is about what the
00:48:50.079 --> 00:48:57.609
people in charge should do and a strike is
about who should be in charge. And he says
00:48:57.609 --> 00:49:04.779
that the legacy of that today is that we
focus our energies on the outcomes of our
00:49:04.779 --> 00:49:10.589
political arrangements, which are
structural racism, sexism, inequality and
00:49:10.589 --> 00:49:15.349
so on. But we don't talk about the
underlying structure anymore. We don't
00:49:15.349 --> 00:49:19.220
address the underlying structure. We may
talk about it in our protest, but we don't
00:49:19.220 --> 00:49:26.510
address it with the most tried and true
direct action tool we have for changing
00:49:26.510 --> 00:49:30.950
those structural arrangements, which is
striking. And I, you know, I just listened
00:49:30.950 --> 00:49:34.400
to that yesterday and I've been thinking
about it ever since. And I think that it
00:49:34.400 --> 00:49:40.559
does reveal a really like, non-trivial
distinction between different ways of
00:49:40.559 --> 00:49:45.859
looking at theories of change. And it's
not that kind of cartoony, like Marxist
00:49:45.859 --> 00:49:49.319
can't care about class and everyone else,
and they're all white dudes. And then
00:49:49.319 --> 00:49:55.570
everyone else cares about gender and race.
It's about understanding how anti-
00:49:55.570 --> 00:49:59.869
communist witch hunts and how like a
deliberate, like normative and political
00:49:59.869 --> 00:50:05.520
project to discredit a certain kind of - a
certain ideology, changed the way that we
00:50:05.520 --> 00:50:12.640
talk about what our political aspirations
might be. And it's a really important
00:50:12.640 --> 00:50:17.829
distinction. It really matters. I'm still
trying to digest it. But, you know, I'm
00:50:17.829 --> 00:50:27.749
thinking about it ever since.
J: Hmm, we have, as we said just before we
00:50:27.749 --> 00:50:35.119
went online with the fireside chat here,
by the way. And I'm really happy that
00:50:35.119 --> 00:50:45.509
we're exploring this, yeah, for us new
format of a talk/chat. I'm really happy to
00:50:45.509 --> 00:50:51.779
have people here in the room with us. So
this will be for all the other fireside
00:50:51.779 --> 00:50:59.700
chat, another invitation to pop in and ask
your questions directly and be here with
00:50:59.700 --> 00:51:07.970
us in the room. And we have people in the
audience who have a really big question
00:51:07.970 --> 00:51:19.317
that probably all of us have. It's 2020
for all of us and 2020 is somewhat
00:51:19.317 --> 00:51:31.400
demanding. And how do you manage? To not
get depressive over activism, so how can
00:51:31.400 --> 00:51:39.039
you stay positive with all the stuff
happening and all the opponents we face in
00:51:39.039 --> 00:51:43.119
activism?
C D: Yeah, you know, I would lie if I said
00:51:43.119 --> 00:51:50.170
I hadn't felt a lot of despair this year.
I mean, lucky for me, the way that I cope
00:51:50.170 --> 00:51:56.329
with stress is by working. So, you know,
it's not entirely great because when I
00:51:56.329 --> 00:52:02.170
work without balance, you know, when when
all you do is stick your face in your
00:52:02.170 --> 00:52:07.380
computer and work, then your emotional
health suffers and your physical health. I
00:52:07.380 --> 00:52:11.249
have a chronic pain problem. And I hurt
myself so badly a couple of weeks ago that
00:52:11.249 --> 00:52:15.519
I was actually walking around on a cane.
Literally just from sitting too much and
00:52:15.519 --> 00:52:20.119
neglecting my physical welfare, not doing
the self care that I need to manage my
00:52:20.119 --> 00:52:27.089
disability. So, you know, it's
not been great for anyone. I, you know,
00:52:27.089 --> 00:52:32.220
I'm working on this utopian novel right
now, "The Lost Cause", which is a novel
00:52:32.220 --> 00:52:40.619
set after "Green New Deal" in which people
have oriented themselves to the long
00:52:40.619 --> 00:52:46.180
project of dealing with climate change.
And so that includes things like a
00:52:46.180 --> 00:52:51.930
300 year project to relocate all the
world's cities 20 kilometers inland and
00:52:51.930 --> 00:52:56.010
really big structural changes to cope with
hundreds of millions of refugees that we
00:52:56.010 --> 00:53:02.569
know will come and orienting our work
around contingency plans for months at a
00:53:02.569 --> 00:53:08.759
time when you can't leave your house
because of wildfires. And it is
00:53:08.759 --> 00:53:13.609
indistinguishable from an environmental
dystopian novel, except for the fact that
00:53:13.609 --> 00:53:18.020
the people in the book don't feel
helpless. They know what's coming. They
00:53:18.020 --> 00:53:21.809
know they can't stop it, but they know
that they can prepare for it. They can do
00:53:21.809 --> 00:53:27.200
stuff that will manage it. And so for me,
that's like, you know, back to the theme
00:53:27.200 --> 00:53:31.240
of my talk I just gave: Self-
determination, right. The ability to have
00:53:31.240 --> 00:53:39.059
like a say in how this stuff works out to
know which parts are parameterized and
00:53:39.059 --> 00:53:45.489
which parts are set in stone. That is, I
think, the thing that keeps at least some
00:53:45.489 --> 00:53:51.780
people sane and dedicated and acting. And
so this is the upside of activism, right?
00:53:51.780 --> 00:53:56.830
Is like doing something to try and make a
difference may feel hopeless and
00:53:56.830 --> 00:54:03.230
exhausting, but try doing nothing to make
a difference and to just be like tempest
00:54:03.230 --> 00:54:11.440
tossed, smashed around by the breaking
down system, that's for me anyway, much,
00:54:11.440 --> 00:54:17.720
much harder and more stressful. And, you
know, ultimately, like my view of the
00:54:17.720 --> 00:54:24.670
world is that we cannot operate a theory
of change like a novelist, we have to
00:54:24.670 --> 00:54:29.651
operate a theory of change, like a
programmer. So novelists, you know, posit
00:54:29.651 --> 00:54:35.980
this like reductionist, simplified way of
getting from A to Z where you have an
00:54:35.980 --> 00:54:38.890
ending, you have a beginning, and you work
out the steps to take you up a dramatic
00:54:38.890 --> 00:54:44.510
curve and then down and through your
denouement, right? And programers, when
00:54:44.510 --> 00:54:51.289
they work with, like, non-trivial data
sets, they know that the terrain is
00:54:51.289 --> 00:54:55.829
unknowably complex, that if you try to
enumerate the whole terrain and find an
00:54:55.829 --> 00:55:02.010
optimal path through it, the terrain would
have like altered by the time you'd
00:55:02.010 --> 00:55:07.650
finished. And also the moment during which
you want to do the job would have passed.
00:55:07.650 --> 00:55:13.349
So you can't figure out how to get from A
to Z if you're writing code that you can't
00:55:13.349 --> 00:55:17.470
find the optimal way, the one true way,
the best way. Instead, what you have to do
00:55:17.470 --> 00:55:24.950
is hill climb, right. You have to like
ascend a gradient towards a better future,
00:55:24.950 --> 00:55:28.230
like the victory condition you're looking
for. And you might end up stuck in a local
00:55:28.230 --> 00:55:31.980
maximum. You might have to do something
like hill descent in order to do more hill
00:55:31.980 --> 00:55:38.450
climbing. But in order to get from from A
to Z in software, you assume that if you
00:55:38.450 --> 00:55:46.700
can ascend the gradient to a new area of
the terrain, that from that new area, new
00:55:46.700 --> 00:55:51.859
terrain will be revealed that you can't
see from where you are now and that the
00:55:51.859 --> 00:55:56.279
best way to map the territory is to
traverse it, and that even if you have
00:55:56.279 --> 00:55:59.360
some reversals, even if you have to double
back on yourself to get all the way
00:55:59.360 --> 00:56:06.220
through it, you will still have done a
better job than if you had tried to do it
00:56:06.220 --> 00:56:11.030
perfectly all at once the way a novelist
does. And so whatever things look shitty
00:56:11.030 --> 00:56:17.190
and scary I just say, like, if I can think
of one thing that I can do that improves
00:56:17.190 --> 00:56:24.480
my situation, that I will find myself in a
new zone from which I might have new
00:56:24.480 --> 00:56:28.569
courses of action that I can't even
imagine now. And that's what keeps me
00:56:28.569 --> 00:56:32.690
going. It may not make me happy, but it's
a reason to put one foot in front of the
00:56:32.690 --> 00:56:37.830
other.
J: Yeah, I think we all need that. We do
00:56:37.830 --> 00:56:44.599
have two more questions in the chat or two
and a half, and we have like three minutes
00:56:44.599 --> 00:56:52.630
left. So can I can I get two short ones,
probably? Ian you're first of them.
00:56:52.630 --> 00:57:01.421
Ian: Hi - Hi, Cory. Thanks for your work.
Amazing. I love it so much and I read all
00:57:01.421 --> 00:57:09.499
of it whenever you post something new. I
want to ask about the book "For the Win".
00:57:09.499 --> 00:57:14.249
And I love that much and it showed the
world that games are actually a market, a
00:57:14.249 --> 00:57:19.319
big financial market, and the environment,
the setting of the scene feels a bit like
00:57:19.319 --> 00:57:23.099
there could be more stuff happening at the
end of the book, so it's a bit open. I
00:57:23.099 --> 00:57:28.090
don't want to spoil it to anyone, but it
felt a bit like there could be more. What
00:57:28.090 --> 00:57:31.460
would it take for you to write a sequel to
"For the Win"?
00:57:31.460 --> 00:57:36.609
C D: Well, you know, I wrote "For the Win"
when I was - as part of my reckoning with
00:57:36.609 --> 00:57:42.599
great financial crisis and also as part of
my marriage; because I'm married to a
00:57:42.599 --> 00:57:50.410
former professional Quake player. And so I
- she was at GDC when the first gold farmer came
00:57:50.410 --> 00:57:53.799
forward. And so gold farming was like a
thing that I was really interested in. I
00:57:53.799 --> 00:57:58.269
was really interested in that burgeoning,
you know, games economics world. Yanis
00:57:58.269 --> 00:58:05.380
Varoufakis working for that Icelandic game
company and so on. But today, I'm far more
00:58:05.380 --> 00:58:10.680
interested in heterodox economics and
particularly in modern monetary theory.
00:58:10.680 --> 00:58:14.569
And I think that if I were ever to revisit
this, I don't know that I would. But it
00:58:14.569 --> 00:58:18.239
would be - what would be a really
interesting way to revisit this would be
00:58:18.239 --> 00:58:24.349
to to do an "MMT lens gold farming" novel.
Ian: Yes, please. Sounds great.
00:58:24.349 --> 00:58:31.410
J: OK, so we see a next novel coming up
there. And we have one last question from
00:58:31.410 --> 00:58:36.750
Caige please.
Caige: Hi Cory, thank you for the talk,
00:58:36.750 --> 00:58:41.390
really great to have you here.
So, given everything that you've
00:58:41.390 --> 00:58:47.069
said about monopolies, massive unchecked
corporate power and so forth: What is one
00:58:47.069 --> 00:58:51.400
realistic thing that we could all do to
combat this that would actually have a
00:58:51.400 --> 00:58:56.310
significant impact and actually have a
second quick follow up on that: What's the
00:58:56.310 --> 00:58:58.900
one thing that truly brings you hope in
all of this?
00:58:58.900 --> 00:59:03.970
C D: Well, so the one realistic thing is
you can't do anything individually. You
00:59:03.970 --> 00:59:07.940
have to do it collectively. Right. So you
have to find a political movement. And
00:59:07.940 --> 00:59:10.730
this is this is my point about the right
and the left and different kinds of
00:59:10.730 --> 00:59:13.769
parties and so on. You have to find a
political movement that is orienting
00:59:13.769 --> 00:59:19.869
itself towards monopoly and towards
dealing with monopoly. You know, our
00:59:19.869 --> 00:59:24.460
policymakers are even the ones that
perceive a problem with monopoly, don't
00:59:24.460 --> 00:59:28.989
perceive the political will to do anything
about it yet. You know, I debated Vestager
00:59:28.989 --> 00:59:35.540
from the audience last year at Reboot and
in or not reboot - at re:publica in
00:59:35.540 --> 00:59:40.030
Berlin, and she was like: "Oh, we can't do
breakup's. They take 15 years and cost too
00:59:40.030 --> 00:59:47.329
much money". She needs to have political
and social movements who have her back,
00:59:47.329 --> 00:59:51.789
who say: 15 years to break up Facebook
sounds good to me! Let's spend the money
00:59:51.789 --> 00:59:56.930
right and to get there, it's not an
individual thing. It's a social thing. You
00:59:56.930 --> 01:00:02.279
know, it's being involved in a political
party, in a political movement that is
01:00:02.279 --> 01:00:07.009
engaged with this. Larry Lessig talks
about the world being regulated by code,
01:00:07.009 --> 01:00:10.380
norms, markets and law, right? So, you
know, you can have this normative
01:00:10.380 --> 01:00:15.089
discussion with your friends. You can you
can bring them along to the idea that, you
01:00:15.089 --> 01:00:19.499
know, all of their problems have a common
origin, that it's monopolies. If you have
01:00:19.499 --> 01:00:22.520
a British friend who's local government
collapsed last year because of
01:00:22.520 --> 01:00:25.910
"Carillion", you can say, oh, yeah, the
big four accounting firms which were
01:00:25.910 --> 01:00:29.549
allowed to buy all of their competitors
and merged with a bunch of consulting
01:00:29.549 --> 01:00:34.640
services, they audit the books of all
these companies, including Wirecard. They
01:00:34.640 --> 01:00:38.479
forged the books for their customers and
allowed them to steal from us, right? So,
01:00:38.479 --> 01:00:42.180
that's not a problem of corruption in the
accounting industry. That's a problem of
01:00:42.180 --> 01:00:46.900
monopoly. And then you can get involved
with your party, with your social
01:00:46.900 --> 01:00:52.150
movement, if you're involved with, you
know, with "netzpolitik" or if you're
01:00:52.150 --> 01:00:57.401
involved with "EFF" or if you're involved
with "Quadrature", you can say, look: This
01:00:57.401 --> 01:01:01.430
is my priority too. You know, at EFF we
have an anti-monopoly group now that's
01:01:01.430 --> 01:01:06.000
been working for the last year and now
that Anti-monopoly has come to Tech, you
01:01:06.000 --> 01:01:10.700
know, EEFs job is gonna be for the next
years to come, it's gonna be making sure
01:01:10.700 --> 01:01:14.809
that anti-monopolists understand the
technical dimension, that they don't
01:01:14.809 --> 01:01:18.079
inadvertently create more durable
monopolies by fighting it. We need those
01:01:18.079 --> 01:01:24.069
technical experts. So, you know, like in
the same way that the one thing that you
01:01:24.069 --> 01:01:28.309
can do about climate change is to find a
political party that cares about climate
01:01:28.309 --> 01:01:32.019
change and then demand that they take
meaningful action. The one thing you can
01:01:32.019 --> 01:01:37.500
do about monopoly is to get involved with
anti-monopoly movements because your
01:01:37.500 --> 01:01:43.059
individual action isn't going to do enough
there. It's it's too little. As to what
01:01:43.059 --> 01:01:48.700
gives me hope? I mean, the thing that
gives me hope is we have gone from anti-
01:01:48.700 --> 01:01:56.450
monopolism being like a fringe thing that
nobody cared about, and that was just
01:01:56.450 --> 01:02:02.349
laughable to it being central in like
literally less than a year. Like a year
01:02:02.349 --> 01:02:09.400
ago, a year and a half ago, March 2019, I
stood on a stage in Berlin and argued with
01:02:09.400 --> 01:02:13.410
Europe's top anti-trust enforcer about
whether we would ever break up Facebook.
01:02:13.410 --> 01:02:18.599
And she said we wouldn't. And she's the
most powerful, most active, most take no-
01:02:18.599 --> 01:02:24.299
prisoners anti-trust enforcer in the world
today. We're ready to break up Facebook.
01:02:24.299 --> 01:02:29.579
It might take a decade, but we went from
this is impossible to let's get doing it
01:02:29.579 --> 01:02:33.660
in less than a year or just over a year,
right? That is remarkable progress. It
01:02:33.660 --> 01:02:39.480
might seem slow, but like it's a doubling
curve. You know, it's got momentum. Like,
01:02:39.480 --> 01:02:44.890
get behind it and push with whatever
group, with whatever organization you're
01:02:44.890 --> 01:02:49.930
involved with, push and push and push.
What gives me hope? That's what gives me
01:02:49.930 --> 01:02:55.380
hope.
J: And this is a wonderful ending where
01:02:55.380 --> 01:03:01.549
unfortunately out of time. People saying
they like this format. And I think we'll
01:03:01.549 --> 01:03:08.759
see a bit more of that over the rC3. And
I'm really, really happy, Cory, that you
01:03:08.759 --> 01:03:16.289
were the first of our authors doing a
fireside chat and probably we'll have some
01:03:16.289 --> 01:03:20.849
progress on turning over publishing
industry at some point.
01:03:20.849 --> 01:03:26.640
C D: So, for sure, and I have to say it is
an honor and a privilege, as always, to
01:03:26.640 --> 01:03:32.329
speak at CCC. And I'm really indebted
to you volunteers and the people who make
01:03:32.329 --> 01:03:38.270
it happen every year. It's a remarkable
event and I'm looking forward to actually
01:03:38.270 --> 01:03:44.359
seeing you folks in person again soon. I
hope I can come to Leipzig for an in-
01:03:44.359 --> 01:03:47.690
person one next year.
J: Yes, please. That would be really
01:03:47.690 --> 01:03:49.793
great. Thank you very much, Cory.
01:03:49.793 --> 01:03:53.510
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