1 00:00:00,881 --> 00:00:04,873 My siblings and I grew up on our great-grandfather's farm 2 00:00:04,897 --> 00:00:06,047 in California. 3 00:00:06,825 --> 00:00:10,103 It was a landscape of our family and our home. 4 00:00:10,490 --> 00:00:13,164 When it was clear that nobody in our generation 5 00:00:13,188 --> 00:00:16,109 wanted to take on the heavy burden of ranching, 6 00:00:16,133 --> 00:00:18,333 the ranch was sold to a neighbor. 7 00:00:18,696 --> 00:00:21,895 The anchor of our lives was cut, 8 00:00:21,919 --> 00:00:25,516 and we felt adrift in the absence of that land. 9 00:00:26,125 --> 00:00:30,592 For the first time, I came to understand 10 00:00:30,616 --> 00:00:34,031 that something valuable can be best understood 11 00:00:34,055 --> 00:00:37,053 not by its presence, 12 00:00:37,077 --> 00:00:38,664 but by its absence. 13 00:00:40,387 --> 00:00:42,122 It was impossible to know then 14 00:00:42,146 --> 00:00:46,807 just how powerful the absence of those things we love 15 00:00:46,831 --> 00:00:50,948 would have an impact far into my future. 16 00:00:51,527 --> 00:00:55,559 For 23 years, my working life was with Yvon Chouinard. 17 00:00:56,139 --> 00:00:58,821 I started when he was designing and manufacturing 18 00:00:58,845 --> 00:01:00,815 technical rock and ice climbing equipment 19 00:01:00,839 --> 00:01:04,069 in a tin shed near the railroad tracks in Ventura. 20 00:01:04,093 --> 00:01:07,291 And when Yvon decided to start making clothes for climbers, 21 00:01:07,315 --> 00:01:10,228 and call this business Patagonia, 22 00:01:10,252 --> 00:01:13,212 I became one of the first six employees, 23 00:01:13,236 --> 00:01:15,149 later becoming CEO 24 00:01:15,173 --> 00:01:17,561 and helping build a company 25 00:01:17,585 --> 00:01:21,633 where creating the best products and doing good by the world 26 00:01:21,657 --> 00:01:23,590 was more than just a tagline. 27 00:01:24,198 --> 00:01:29,150 Doug Tompkins, who would become my husband years later, 28 00:01:29,174 --> 00:01:33,014 was an old friend and climbing companion of Yvon's, 29 00:01:33,038 --> 00:01:35,323 and also an entrepreneur. 30 00:01:35,919 --> 00:01:39,252 He cofounded The North Face and Esprit company, 31 00:01:39,276 --> 00:01:41,331 all three of these businesses 32 00:01:41,355 --> 00:01:44,887 were created by people who had grown up through the '60s, 33 00:01:44,911 --> 00:01:49,783 shaped by the civil rights, antiwar, feminist and peace movements. 34 00:01:49,807 --> 00:01:53,998 And those values were picked up in those years 35 00:01:54,022 --> 00:01:57,895 and carried throughout the values of these companies. 36 00:01:57,919 --> 00:01:59,506 By the end of the 1980s, 37 00:01:59,530 --> 00:02:02,387 Doug decided to leave business altogether 38 00:02:02,411 --> 00:02:05,950 and commit the last third of his life to what he called 39 00:02:05,974 --> 00:02:08,355 "paying his rent for living on the planet." 40 00:02:08,379 --> 00:02:11,926 At nearly the same time when I hit 40, 41 00:02:11,950 --> 00:02:15,366 I was ready to do something completely new with my life. 42 00:02:15,676 --> 00:02:19,343 The day after retiring from the Patagonia company, 43 00:02:19,367 --> 00:02:24,454 I flew 6,000 miles to Patagonia the place, 44 00:02:24,478 --> 00:02:30,276 and joined Doug as he started what was the first conservation project 45 00:02:30,300 --> 00:02:32,033 of that third of his life. 46 00:02:32,371 --> 00:02:35,742 There we were, refugees from the corporate world, 47 00:02:35,766 --> 00:02:38,718 holed up in a cabin on the coast in southern Chile, 48 00:02:38,742 --> 00:02:41,067 surrounded by primaeval rainforest 49 00:02:41,091 --> 00:02:44,440 where Alerce trees can live for thousands of years. 50 00:02:44,464 --> 00:02:46,993 We were in the middle of a great wilderness 51 00:02:47,017 --> 00:02:49,446 that forms one of the only two gaps 52 00:02:49,470 --> 00:02:51,200 in the Pan-American highway, 53 00:02:51,224 --> 00:02:54,152 between Fairbanks, Alaska, and Cape Horn. 54 00:02:54,176 --> 00:02:56,466 A radical change to our daily lives 55 00:02:56,490 --> 00:02:59,268 spurred on as we had begun to recognize 56 00:02:59,292 --> 00:03:02,371 how beauty and diversity were being destroyed 57 00:03:02,395 --> 00:03:03,879 pretty much everywhere. 58 00:03:03,903 --> 00:03:07,371 The last wild protected places on earth 59 00:03:07,395 --> 00:03:08,594 were still wild 60 00:03:08,618 --> 00:03:12,712 mostly because the relentless frontlines of development 61 00:03:12,736 --> 00:03:14,973 simply hadn't arrived there yet. 62 00:03:14,997 --> 00:03:18,236 Doug and I were in one of the most remote parts on earth, 63 00:03:18,260 --> 00:03:21,418 and still around the edges of PumalĂ­n Park, 64 00:03:21,442 --> 00:03:23,696 our first conservation effort. 65 00:03:23,720 --> 00:03:27,573 Industrial aquaculture was growing like a malignancy. 66 00:03:27,886 --> 00:03:31,942 Before too long, other threats arrived to the Patagonia region. 67 00:03:31,966 --> 00:03:35,991 Gold mining, dam projects on pristine rivers, 68 00:03:36,015 --> 00:03:38,046 and other growing conflicts. 69 00:03:38,070 --> 00:03:43,650 The vibration of stampeding economic growth worldwide 70 00:03:43,674 --> 00:03:48,420 could be heard even in the highest latitudes of the Southern Cone. 71 00:03:49,262 --> 00:03:53,991 I know that progress is viewed, generally, in very positive terms. 72 00:03:54,403 --> 00:03:57,102 As some sort of hopeful evolution. 73 00:03:58,339 --> 00:04:00,006 But from where we sat, 74 00:04:00,030 --> 00:04:02,830 we saw the dark side of industrial growth. 75 00:04:03,292 --> 00:04:08,014 And when industrial worldviews are applied to natural systems 76 00:04:08,038 --> 00:04:10,593 that support all life, 77 00:04:10,617 --> 00:04:13,204 we begin to treat the Earth 78 00:04:13,228 --> 00:04:16,204 as a factory that produces all the things 79 00:04:16,228 --> 00:04:17,695 that we think we need. 80 00:04:18,958 --> 00:04:22,077 As we're all painfully aware, 81 00:04:22,101 --> 00:04:24,870 the consequences of that worldview 82 00:04:24,894 --> 00:04:27,394 are destructive to human welfare, 83 00:04:27,418 --> 00:04:30,033 our climate systems, and to wildlife. 84 00:04:31,167 --> 00:04:34,476 Doug called it the price of progress. 85 00:04:34,500 --> 00:04:36,119 That's how we saw things 86 00:04:36,143 --> 00:04:39,011 and we wanted to be a part of the resistance, 87 00:04:39,035 --> 00:04:41,819 pushing up against all of those trends. 88 00:04:41,843 --> 00:04:44,732 The idea of buying private land and then donating it 89 00:04:44,756 --> 00:04:46,748 to create national parks, 90 00:04:46,772 --> 00:04:47,922 isn't really new. 91 00:04:48,255 --> 00:04:50,441 Anyone who has even enjoyed the views 92 00:04:50,465 --> 00:04:53,593 of Teton National Park in Wyoming 93 00:04:53,617 --> 00:04:56,823 or camped in Acadia National Park in Maine, 94 00:04:56,847 --> 00:04:59,804 has benefited from this big idea. 95 00:05:00,339 --> 00:05:01,926 Through our family foundation, 96 00:05:01,950 --> 00:05:06,347 we began to acquire wildlife habitat in Chile and Argentina. 97 00:05:07,141 --> 00:05:09,673 Being believers in conservation biology, 98 00:05:09,697 --> 00:05:13,309 we were going for big, wild and connected. 99 00:05:14,085 --> 00:05:16,760 Areas that were pristine in some cases, 100 00:05:16,784 --> 00:05:19,498 and others that would need time to heal. 101 00:05:19,522 --> 00:05:21,903 That needed to be rewild. 102 00:05:21,927 --> 00:05:25,085 Eventually, we bought more than two million acres 103 00:05:25,109 --> 00:05:26,720 from willing sellers, 104 00:05:26,744 --> 00:05:31,140 assembling them into privately-managed protected areas, 105 00:05:31,164 --> 00:05:36,370 while building park infrastructure as camp grounds and trails, 106 00:05:36,394 --> 00:05:39,124 for future use by the general public. 107 00:05:39,148 --> 00:05:40,298 All were welcome. 108 00:05:40,879 --> 00:05:43,276 Our goal was to donate all of this land 109 00:05:43,300 --> 00:05:45,767 in the form of new national parks. 110 00:05:46,395 --> 00:05:49,570 You might describe this as a kind of 111 00:05:49,594 --> 00:05:52,332 capitalist jiujitsu move. 112 00:05:53,101 --> 00:05:58,608 We deployed private wealth from our business lives 113 00:05:58,632 --> 00:06:02,466 and deployed it to protect nature 114 00:06:02,490 --> 00:06:07,926 from being devoured by the hand of the global economy. 115 00:06:07,950 --> 00:06:09,284 It sounded good, 116 00:06:09,308 --> 00:06:11,537 but in the early '90s in Chile, 117 00:06:11,561 --> 00:06:15,069 where wild land philanthropy, which is what we called it, 118 00:06:15,093 --> 00:06:17,378 was completely unknown, 119 00:06:17,402 --> 00:06:20,561 we faced tremendous suspicion 120 00:06:20,585 --> 00:06:23,728 and from many quarters downright hostility. 121 00:06:24,101 --> 00:06:28,196 Over time, largely by doing what we said we were doing, 122 00:06:28,220 --> 00:06:30,087 we began to win people over. 123 00:06:30,577 --> 00:06:32,585 Over the last 27 years, 124 00:06:32,609 --> 00:06:36,837 we've permanently protected nearly 15 million acres 125 00:06:36,861 --> 00:06:39,218 of temperate rainforest, 126 00:06:39,242 --> 00:06:41,623 Patagonian step grasslands, 127 00:06:41,647 --> 00:06:43,274 coastal areas, 128 00:06:43,298 --> 00:06:45,091 fresh water wetlands, 129 00:06:45,115 --> 00:06:48,124 and created 13 new national parks. 130 00:06:48,148 --> 00:06:50,537 All comprised of our land donations 131 00:06:50,561 --> 00:06:54,663 and federal lands adjoining those territories. 132 00:06:55,378 --> 00:06:58,531 After Doug's death following a kayaking accident 133 00:06:58,555 --> 00:07:00,412 four years ago, 134 00:07:00,436 --> 00:07:03,928 the power of absence hit home again. 135 00:07:03,952 --> 00:07:09,086 But we at Tompkins Conservation leaned in to our loss 136 00:07:09,110 --> 00:07:11,452 and accelerated our efforts. 137 00:07:11,476 --> 00:07:13,738 Among them, in 2018, 138 00:07:13,762 --> 00:07:16,619 creating new marine national parks 139 00:07:16,643 --> 00:07:19,522 covering roughly 25 million acres 140 00:07:19,546 --> 00:07:21,601 in the southern Atlantic Ocean. 141 00:07:21,625 --> 00:07:25,347 No commercial fishing or extraction of any kind. 142 00:07:25,919 --> 00:07:31,467 In 2019, we finalized the largest private land gift in history, 143 00:07:31,491 --> 00:07:35,364 when our last million acres of conservation land in Chile 144 00:07:35,388 --> 00:07:37,133 passed to the government. 145 00:07:37,157 --> 00:07:39,839 A public-private partnership 146 00:07:39,863 --> 00:07:44,085 that created five new national parks and expanded three others. 147 00:07:44,109 --> 00:07:48,371 This ended up being an area larger than Switzerland. 148 00:07:48,395 --> 00:07:52,220 All of our projects are the results of partnerships. 149 00:07:52,244 --> 00:07:56,370 First and foremost with the governments of Chile and Argentina. 150 00:07:56,768 --> 00:07:58,942 And this requires leadership 151 00:07:58,966 --> 00:08:03,101 who understands the value of protecting the jewels of their countries, 152 00:08:03,125 --> 00:08:06,212 not just for today, but long into the future. 153 00:08:07,548 --> 00:08:12,064 Partnerships with like-minded conservation philanthropists as well 154 00:08:12,088 --> 00:08:14,921 played a role in everything we've done. 155 00:08:14,945 --> 00:08:16,437 Fifteen years ago, 156 00:08:16,461 --> 00:08:17,863 we asked ourselves, 157 00:08:17,887 --> 00:08:20,307 "Beyond protecting landscape, 158 00:08:20,331 --> 00:08:25,958 what do we really have to do to create fully-functioning ecosystems?" 159 00:08:26,268 --> 00:08:30,220 And we began to ask ourselves wherever we were working, 160 00:08:30,244 --> 00:08:31,394 who's missing? 161 00:08:32,133 --> 00:08:34,220 What species had disappeared? 162 00:08:35,441 --> 00:08:38,925 Or whose numbers were low and fragile? 163 00:08:39,235 --> 00:08:40,997 We also had to ask, 164 00:08:41,021 --> 00:08:43,387 how do we eliminate the very reason 165 00:08:43,411 --> 00:08:46,363 that these species went extinct in the first place? 166 00:08:46,387 --> 00:08:48,680 What seems so obvious now 167 00:08:48,704 --> 00:08:53,062 was a complete thunderbolt for us. 168 00:08:54,387 --> 00:08:59,656 And it changed the nature of everything we do, 169 00:08:59,680 --> 00:09:00,830 completely. 170 00:09:01,220 --> 00:09:05,878 Unless all the members of the community are present and flourishing, 171 00:09:05,902 --> 00:09:10,767 it's impossible for us to leave behind fully-functioning ecosystems. 172 00:09:11,204 --> 00:09:15,690 Since then, we've successfully reintroduced several native species 173 00:09:15,714 --> 00:09:17,587 to the Ibera Wetlands: 174 00:09:17,611 --> 00:09:19,365 Giant anteaters, 175 00:09:19,389 --> 00:09:20,770 pampas deer, 176 00:09:20,794 --> 00:09:22,063 peccaries, 177 00:09:22,087 --> 00:09:25,649 and finally, one of the most difficult, 178 00:09:25,673 --> 00:09:28,053 the green-winged macaws, 179 00:09:28,077 --> 00:09:32,736 who've gone missing for over 100 years in that ecosystem. 180 00:09:32,760 --> 00:09:36,958 And today, they're back, flying free, dispensing seeds, 181 00:09:36,982 --> 00:09:40,054 playing out their lives as they should be. 182 00:09:40,078 --> 00:09:42,613 The capstone of these efforts in Ibera 183 00:09:42,637 --> 00:09:46,720 is to return the apex carnivores to their rightful place. 184 00:09:46,744 --> 00:09:50,211 Jaguars on the land, giant otters in the water. 185 00:09:50,235 --> 00:09:55,093 Several years of trial and error produced young cubs 186 00:09:55,117 --> 00:09:57,649 who will be released, 187 00:09:57,673 --> 00:10:00,776 for the first time in over half a century, 188 00:10:00,800 --> 00:10:02,434 into Ibera wetlands, 189 00:10:02,458 --> 00:10:06,117 and now, the 1.7-million-acre Ibera park 190 00:10:06,141 --> 00:10:08,291 will provide enough space 191 00:10:08,315 --> 00:10:12,783 for recovering jaguar populations with low risk of conflict 192 00:10:12,807 --> 00:10:15,077 with neighboring ranchers. 193 00:10:15,101 --> 00:10:17,680 Our rewilding projects in Chile 194 00:10:17,704 --> 00:10:21,256 are gaining ground on low numbers of several key species 195 00:10:21,280 --> 00:10:22,844 in the Patagonia region. 196 00:10:22,868 --> 00:10:26,606 The [unclear] deer that is truly nearly extinct, 197 00:10:26,630 --> 00:10:33,377 the lesser rheas and building the puma and fox populations back up. 198 00:10:33,782 --> 00:10:39,575 You know, the power of the absent can't help us 199 00:10:39,599 --> 00:10:42,924 if it just leads to nostalgia or despair. 200 00:10:45,025 --> 00:10:47,461 To the contrary, 201 00:10:47,485 --> 00:10:50,322 it's only useful if it motivates us 202 00:10:50,346 --> 00:10:54,659 toward working to bring back what's gone missing. 203 00:10:55,349 --> 00:10:57,905 Of course, the first step in rewilding 204 00:10:57,929 --> 00:11:01,547 is to be able to imagine that it's possible in the first place. 205 00:11:01,571 --> 00:11:06,077 That wildlife abundance recorded in journals 206 00:11:06,101 --> 00:11:10,109 aren't just stories from some old dusty books. 207 00:11:11,529 --> 00:11:13,278 Can you imagine that? 208 00:11:14,994 --> 00:11:20,454 Do you believe the world could be more beautiful, 209 00:11:20,478 --> 00:11:21,879 more equitable? 210 00:11:23,375 --> 00:11:24,525 I do. 211 00:11:24,982 --> 00:11:26,382 Because I've seen it. 212 00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:28,212 Here's an example. 213 00:11:28,236 --> 00:11:30,649 When we purchased one of the largest ranches 214 00:11:30,673 --> 00:11:33,923 in Chile and Patagonia in 2004, 215 00:11:33,947 --> 00:11:35,258 it looked like this. 216 00:11:35,282 --> 00:11:39,106 For a century, this land had been overgrazed by livestock, 217 00:11:39,130 --> 00:11:41,789 like most grasslands around the world. 218 00:11:41,813 --> 00:11:44,205 Soil erosion was rampant, 219 00:11:44,229 --> 00:11:47,063 hundreds of miles of fencing 220 00:11:47,087 --> 00:11:52,634 kept wildlife and its flow corralled. 221 00:11:52,658 --> 00:11:55,660 And that was with the little wildlife that was left. 222 00:11:55,684 --> 00:12:00,080 The local mountain lions and foxes had been persecuted for decades, 223 00:12:00,104 --> 00:12:02,184 leaving their numbers very low. 224 00:12:02,208 --> 00:12:07,655 Today, those lands are the 763,000-acre Patagonian National Park 225 00:12:07,679 --> 00:12:09,289 and it looks like this. 226 00:12:09,313 --> 00:12:11,592 And Arcelio, the former gaucho, 227 00:12:11,616 --> 00:12:17,839 whose job was to first find and kill mountain lion in the years past, 228 00:12:17,863 --> 00:12:19,847 today is the head tracker 229 00:12:19,871 --> 00:12:22,863 for the Park's wildlife team, 230 00:12:22,887 --> 00:12:26,008 and his story captures the imagination 231 00:12:26,032 --> 00:12:27,832 of people around the world. 232 00:12:28,350 --> 00:12:29,500 What is possible. 233 00:12:30,096 --> 00:12:32,666 I share these thought and images with you 234 00:12:32,690 --> 00:12:36,158 not for self-congratulations, 235 00:12:36,182 --> 00:12:38,331 but to make a simple point 236 00:12:38,355 --> 00:12:40,488 and propose an urgent challenge. 237 00:12:41,109 --> 00:12:43,268 If the question is survival, 238 00:12:43,292 --> 00:12:47,776 survival of life's diversity and human dignity, 239 00:12:47,800 --> 00:12:51,252 and healthy human communities, 240 00:12:51,276 --> 00:12:54,609 then the answer must include rewilding the Earth. 241 00:12:55,903 --> 00:12:58,765 As much and as quickly as possible. 242 00:13:00,038 --> 00:13:03,355 Everyone has a role to play in this. 243 00:13:04,125 --> 00:13:08,219 But especially those of us with privilege, 244 00:13:08,243 --> 00:13:11,760 with political power, 245 00:13:11,784 --> 00:13:13,418 wealth, 246 00:13:14,442 --> 00:13:18,799 where, let's face it, for better, for worse, 247 00:13:18,823 --> 00:13:22,623 that's where the chess game of our future is played out. 248 00:13:23,664 --> 00:13:26,282 And this gets to the core of the question. 249 00:13:26,910 --> 00:13:28,919 Are we prepared to do what it takes 250 00:13:28,943 --> 00:13:31,009 to change the end of this story? 251 00:13:31,600 --> 00:13:34,577 The changes the world has made in the past few months 252 00:13:34,601 --> 00:13:37,149 to stop the spread of COVID-19, 253 00:13:37,173 --> 00:13:39,045 are so promising to me, 254 00:13:39,069 --> 00:13:41,887 because it shows we can join forces 255 00:13:41,911 --> 00:13:44,188 under desperate circumstances. 256 00:13:44,506 --> 00:13:46,418 What we're going through now 257 00:13:46,442 --> 00:13:49,815 could be a precursor 258 00:13:49,839 --> 00:13:52,720 to the broader potential damage 259 00:13:52,744 --> 00:13:55,474 as a result of the climate crisis. 260 00:13:56,561 --> 00:13:58,236 But without warning, 261 00:13:58,260 --> 00:14:03,482 globally, we're learning to work together in ways we could never have imagined. 262 00:14:03,506 --> 00:14:06,363 Having watched young people from around the world 263 00:14:06,387 --> 00:14:09,085 rising up and going out into the streets 264 00:14:09,109 --> 00:14:11,636 to remind us of our culpability 265 00:14:11,660 --> 00:14:14,517 and chastising us for our inaction 266 00:14:14,541 --> 00:14:17,033 are the ones who really inspire me. 267 00:14:17,057 --> 00:14:19,938 I know, you've heard all of this before. 268 00:14:19,962 --> 00:14:23,990 But if there was ever a moment to awaken to the reality 269 00:14:24,014 --> 00:14:28,490 that everything is connected to everything else, 270 00:14:28,514 --> 00:14:29,664 it's right now. 271 00:14:29,998 --> 00:14:33,363 Every human life is affected by the actions 272 00:14:33,387 --> 00:14:36,506 of every other human life around the globe. 273 00:14:36,530 --> 00:14:38,522 And the fate of humanity 274 00:14:38,546 --> 00:14:41,394 is tied to the health of the planet. 275 00:14:43,072 --> 00:14:44,905 We have a common destiny. 276 00:14:44,929 --> 00:14:46,691 We can flourish 277 00:14:46,715 --> 00:14:49,556 or we can suffer, 278 00:14:49,580 --> 00:14:51,997 but we're going to be doing it together. 279 00:14:52,490 --> 00:14:53,823 So here's the truth. 280 00:14:54,133 --> 00:14:56,172 We're so far past the point 281 00:14:56,196 --> 00:14:58,995 when individual action is an elective. 282 00:14:59,530 --> 00:15:01,339 In my opinion, 283 00:15:01,363 --> 00:15:03,188 it's a moral imperative 284 00:15:03,212 --> 00:15:05,672 that every single one of us 285 00:15:05,696 --> 00:15:09,998 steps up to reimagine our place in the circle of life. 286 00:15:10,022 --> 00:15:11,410 Not in the center, 287 00:15:11,434 --> 00:15:13,498 but as part of the whole. 288 00:15:13,522 --> 00:15:15,299 We need to remember 289 00:15:15,323 --> 00:15:18,390 that what we do reflects who we choose to be. 290 00:15:18,895 --> 00:15:21,276 Let's create a civilization 291 00:15:21,300 --> 00:15:25,085 that honors the intrinsic value of all life. 292 00:15:25,909 --> 00:15:27,941 No matter who you are, 293 00:15:27,965 --> 00:15:30,893 no matter what you have to work with, 294 00:15:30,917 --> 00:15:34,123 get out of bed every single morning, 295 00:15:34,147 --> 00:15:38,120 and do something that has nothing to do with yourself, 296 00:15:38,144 --> 00:15:41,382 but rather having everything to do 297 00:15:41,406 --> 00:15:43,595 with those things you love. 298 00:15:44,366 --> 00:15:47,290 With those things you know to be true. 299 00:15:47,314 --> 00:15:51,022 Be someone who imagines human progress 300 00:15:51,046 --> 00:15:54,275 to be something that moves us toward wholeness. 301 00:15:54,608 --> 00:15:55,758 Toward health. 302 00:15:56,473 --> 00:15:58,108 Toward human dignity. 303 00:15:59,013 --> 00:16:01,116 And always, 304 00:16:01,140 --> 00:16:03,172 and forever, 305 00:16:03,196 --> 00:16:04,521 wild beauty. 306 00:16:06,365 --> 00:16:07,515 Thank you.