[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.60,0:00:01.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supported By Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.26,0:00:02.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supported By\NProtocol Labs Dialogue: 0,0:00:02.80,0:00:03.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supported By\NProtocol Labs\NFollow your curiosity. Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.68,0:00:08.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supported By\NProtocol Labs\NFollow your curiosity.\NLead humanity forward. Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.20,0:00:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Two possibilities exist:{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.50,0:00:15.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Two possibilities exist: either we are alone in the universe,{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.32,0:00:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Two possibilities exist: either we are alone in the universe, or we are not.{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.73,0:00:23.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Two possibilities exist: either we are alone in the universe, or we are not.\NBoth are equally terrifying.{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.11,0:00:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Two possibilities exist: either we are alone in the universe, or we are not.\NBoth are equally terrifying.{\i0}\NArthur C. Clarke Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.50,0:00:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Two possibilities exist: either we are alone in the universe, or we are not.\NBoth are equally terrifying.{\i0}\NArthur C. Clarke\NIn all of time, Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.16,0:00:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In all of time, Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.77,0:00:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on all the planets of all the galaxies in space. Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.25,0:00:41.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what civilizations have risen, Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.25,0:00:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,looked into the night, Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.96,0:00:51.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seen what we see, Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.49,0:01:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asked the questions that we ask? Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.88,0:01:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Are we alone?" Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.65,0:01:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Is Earth the only chapter in the story of life?" Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.47,0:01:22.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The answers lie somewhere in distant space - and distant time." Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.83,0:01:30.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"For the first time, the truth is finally within our reach." Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.93,0:01:43.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The search will reveal who we are" Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.43,0:01:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"and who we might become." Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.70,0:01:55.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LIFE Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.70,0:01:59.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LIFE BEYOND Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.44,0:02:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}CHAPTER I{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.81,0:02:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}CHAPTER I{\b0}\NThe Dawn Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.44,0:02:17.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In the search for life out there, we must first look inward." Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.25,0:02:28.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we see around us is staggering complexity. Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.96,0:02:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How is it possible? Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.87,0:02:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What does it take to create life?" Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.27,0:02:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What does it take to create life?"\NLiving organisms are created by chemistry. Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.68,0:02:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Living organisms are created by chemistry. Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.53,0:02:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are huge packages of chemicals. Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.95,0:02:53.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what are the ideal conditions for chemistry? Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.24,0:02:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, first, you need energy. Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.00,0:02:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\NWell, first, you need energy. Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.13,0:02:55.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}E{\b0}\NWell, first, you need energy. Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.25,0:02:55.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}EN{\b0}\NWell, first, you need energy. Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.38,0:02:55.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}ENE{\b0}\NWell, first, you need energy. Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.50,0:02:55.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}ENER{\b0}\NWell, first, you need energy. Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.63,0:02:55.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}ENERG{\b0}\NWell, first, you need energy. Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.75,0:02:56.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}ENERGY{\b0}\NWell, first, you need energy. Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.00,0:02:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}ENERGY{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g {\i0}\NWell, first, you need energy. Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.25,0:02:56.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}ENERGY{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Sunlight,{\i0}\NWell, first, you need energy. Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.59,0:02:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}ENERGY{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Sunlight,{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.72,0:03:00.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}ENERGY{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Sunlight, Geothermal Heat{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.00,0:03:00.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}ENERG{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Sunlight, Geothermal Heat{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.07,0:03:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}ENER{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Sunlight, Geothermal Heat{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.13,0:03:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}ENE{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Sunlight, Geothermal Heat{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.19,0:03:00.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}EN{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Sunlight,{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.25,0:03:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}E{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.32,0:03:00.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0}\N{\b1}E{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.38,0:03:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.51,0:03:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not too much. Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.97,0:03:05.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you want is just the right amount Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.74,0:03:07.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and planets it turns out are just right, Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.54,0:03:08.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because they are close to stars, Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.83,0:03:10.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but not too close. Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.26,0:03:14.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.30,0:03:14.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.56,0:03:14.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HE{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.59,0:03:14.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEA{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.60,0:03:14.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAV{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.62,0:03:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.66,0:03:14.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY E{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.69,0:03:14.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY EL{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.70,0:03:14.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELE{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.71,0:03:14.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEM{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.76,0:03:14.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEME{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.78,0:03:14.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEMEN{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.79,0:03:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEMENT{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.80,0:03:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEMENTS{\b0}\NYou also need a great diversity Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.50,0:03:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEMENTS{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g{\i0}\Nof chemical elements. Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.63,0:03:15.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEMENTS{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Oxygen,{\i0}\Nof chemical elements. Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.96,0:03:16.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEMENTS{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Oxygen, Carbon,{\i0}\Nof chemical elements. Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.39,0:03:17.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEMENTS{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Oxygen, Carbon, Sulfur{\i0}\Nof chemical elements. Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.02,0:03:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEMENTS{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Oxygen, Carbon, Sulfur{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.37,0:03:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEMENT{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Oxygen, Carbon, Sulfur{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.40,0:03:20.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEMEN{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Oxygen, Carbon, Sulfur{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.43,0:03:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEME{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Oxygen, Carbon,{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.46,0:03:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELEM{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Oxygen, Carbon,{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.50,0:03:20.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY ELE{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Oxygen, Carbon,{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.53,0:03:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY EL{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Oxygen,{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.56,0:03:20.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY E{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g{\i0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.59,0:03:20.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAVY{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.62,0:03:20.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEAV{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.66,0:03:20.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HEA{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.70,0:03:20.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}HE{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.74,0:03:20.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0}\N{\b1}H{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.78,0:03:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}II{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.86,0:03:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}I{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.99,0:03:22.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you need liquid, Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.77,0:03:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such as water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.83,0:03:22.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}III{\b0}\Nsuch as water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.90,0:03:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}III{\b0}\N{\b1}L{\b0}\Nsuch as water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.96,0:03:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}III{\b0}\N{\b1}LI{\b0}\Nsuch as water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.02,0:03:23.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}III{\b0}\N{\b1}LIQ{\b0}\Nsuch as water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.08,0:03:23.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}III{\b0}\N{\b1}LIQU{\b0}\Nsuch as water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.21,0:03:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}III{\b0}\N{\b1}LIQUI{\b0}\Nsuch as water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.32,0:03:23.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}III{\b0}\N{\b1}LIQUID{\b0}\Nsuch as water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.42,0:03:23.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}III{\b0}\N{\b1}LIQUID{\b0}\Nsuch as water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.53,0:03:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}III{\b0}\N{\b1}LIQUID{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g{\i0}\Nsuch as water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.78,0:03:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}III{\b0}\N{\b1}LIQUID{\b0}\N{\i1}e.g Water{\i0}\Nsuch as water. Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.20,0:03:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,III\N{\b1}LIQUID{\b0}\Ne.g. water Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.13,0:03:29.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why? Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.27,0:03:30.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, in gases, Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.34,0:03:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,atoms move past each other so fast Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.62,0:03:35.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they can't hitch up. Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.24,0:03:39.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In solids, atoms are stuck together. Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.49,0:03:40.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They can't move. Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.48,0:03:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In liquids, Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.96,0:03:46.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they can cruise and cuddle Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.85,0:03:49.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and link up to form molecules. Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.53,0:04:00.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Liquid water is just so good for getting evolution going. Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.94,0:04:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Molecules can dissolve in the water Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.64,0:04:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to form more complex chains. Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.26,0:04:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, where do you find such goldilocks conditions? Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.11,0:04:11.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, planets are great, Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.96,0:04:16.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and our early Earth was almost perfect. Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.95,0:04:18.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.34,0:04:24.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth\N4 Billion Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.49,0:04:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was just the right distance Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.60,0:04:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from its star to contain huge oceans of liquid water. Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.50,0:04:35.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And deep beneath those oceans, Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.23,0:04:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at cracks in the Earth's crust, Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.24,0:04:40.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fantastic chemistry began to happen Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.29,0:04:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,atoms combined in all sorts of exotic combinations. Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.96,0:05:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The exact recipe is still a mystery, but the ingredients for life\Nare simple - energy, organic molecules, and liquid water." Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.41,0:05:37.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Somewhere in the seas of early Earth, basic chemistry \Nbecame biology - perhaps even more than once." Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.42,0:05:50.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The first cells were likely born in hot volcanic waters,\Nin conditions once thought impossible for biology." Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.20,0:05:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The closer we study life, the more extreme places we find it thriving." Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.19,0:05:59.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The closer we study life, the more extreme places we find it thriving."\NHere on our planet, Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.90,0:06:01.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here on our planet, Dialogue: 0,0:06:01.32,0:06:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,microbes have adapted Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.75,0:06:06.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to survive the most hostile conditions. Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.96,0:06:09.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Arid deserts, Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.46,0:06:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the frozen Himalayas, Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.73,0:06:16.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in trenches under thousands of tons of pressure Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.61,0:06:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the ocean deeps. Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.24,0:06:24.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the vacuum of a space simulator, Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.60,0:06:28.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,life forms have been flourishing for years Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.97,0:06:33.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,without oxygen. Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.89,0:06:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"New research suggests that life emerged over 4 billion years ago,\Nwhen Earth was an alien and deadly place." Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.11,0:06:50.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The planet was ravaged by intense volcanism \Nand an asteroid storm that lasted 100 million years." Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.51,0:07:09.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yet even in these extreme conditions,\Nlife quickly found a foothold." Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.91,0:07:11.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Yet even in these extreme conditions,\Nlife quickly found a foothold."\NVery very quickly, Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.15,0:07:12.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very very quickly, Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.47,0:07:15.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as soon as the Earth cooled off after its formation, Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.87,0:07:20.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we know that life began here. Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.51,0:07:25.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because it happened quickly here on Earth, Dialogue: 0,0:07:25.28,0:07:26.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we think it is going to happen quickly Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.80,0:07:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on other planets as well. Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.66,0:07:46.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The story of Earth gives us hope that life could be universally common." Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.40,0:07:54.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"It teaches us that life is fast acting, tenacious, \Nand made of basic, common ingredients." Dialogue: 0,0:07:57.97,0:08:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"After 4 billion years of isolation, \Nthe search for our cosmic kin has finally begun." Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.26,0:08:17.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Where there is water, there is life - and so our best chance\Nis to look for ocean worlds like Earth." Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.58,0:08:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Our search for Earth-like planets has only just begun,\Nand the findings are tantalizing." Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.87,0:08:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}KEPLER-62F{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.70,0:08:30.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}KEPLER-62F{\b0}\NDistance: 1200 Light Years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.95,0:08:31.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}KEPLER-62F{\b0}\NDistance: 1200 Light Years.\NSize: 1.4x Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.07,0:08:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}KEPLER-62F{\b0}\NDistance: 1200 Light Years.\NSize: 1.4x Earth.\NTemperature: ≥ -85ºF. Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.20,0:08:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}KEPLER-62F{\b0}\NDistance: 1200 Light Years.\NSize: 1.4x Earth.\NTemperature: ≥ -85ºF.\NAge: ~7 billion years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:31.35,0:08:36.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}KEPLER-62F{\b0}\NDistance: 1200 Light Years.\NSize: 1.4x Earth.\NTemperature: ≥ -85ºF.\NAge: ~7 billion years.\NPossible Water World Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.84,0:08:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}KEPLER-62F{\b0}\NDistance: 1200 Light Years.\NSize: 1.4x Earth.\NTemperature: ≥ -85ºF.\NAge: ~7 billion years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.09,0:08:37.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}KEPLER-62F{\b0}\NDistance: 1200 Light Years.\NSize: 1.4x Earth.\NTemperature: ≥ -85ºF. Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.34,0:08:37.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}KEPLER-62F{\b0}\NDistance: 1200 Light Years.\NSize: 1.4x Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.46,0:08:37.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}KEPLER-62F{\b0}\NDistance: 1200 Light Years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.53,0:08:37.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}KEPLER-62F{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.83,0:08:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TRAPPIST-1D{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.57,0:08:39.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TRAPPIST-1D{\b0}\NDistance: 41 Light Years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.82,0:08:39.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TRAPPIST-1D{\b0}\NDistance: 41 Light Years.\NSize: 0.77x Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.92,0:08:40.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TRAPPIST-1D{\b0}\NDistance: 41 Light Years.\NSize: 0.77x Earth.\NAge: ~7.5 billion years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.03,0:08:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TRAPPIST-1D{\b0}\NDistance: 41 Light Years.\NSize: 0.77x Earth.\NAge: ~7.5 billion years.\NTemperature: ≥ 20ºF. Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.14,0:08:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TRAPPIST-1D{\b0}\NDistance: 41 Light Years.\NSize: 0.77x Earth.\NAge: ~7.5 billion years.\NTemperature: ≥ 20ºF.\NPossible Water World Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.57,0:08:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TRAPPIST-1D{\b0}\NDistance: 41 Light Years.\NSize: 0.77x Earth.\NAge: ~7.5 billion years.\NTemperature: ≥ 20ºF. Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.82,0:08:46.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TRAPPIST-1D{\b0}\NDistance: 41 Light Years.\NSize: 0.77x Earth.\NAge: ~7.5 billion years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.94,0:08:47.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TRAPPIST-1D{\b0}\NDistance: 41 Light Years.\NSize: 0.77x Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.07,0:08:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TRAPPIST-1D{\b0}\NDistance: 41 Light Years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:47.20,0:08:47.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TRAPPIST-1D{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.97,0:08:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TEEGARDEN-B{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.75,0:08:49.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TEEGARDEN-B{\b0}\NDistance: 12 Light Years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:49.100,0:08:50.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TEEGARDEN-B{\b0}\NDistance: 12 Light Years.\NSize: 1.07x Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.11,0:08:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TEEGARDEN-B{\b0}\NDistance: 12 Light Years.\NSize: 1.07x Earth.\NAge: 8 billion years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.23,0:08:50.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TEEGARDEN-B{\b0}\NDistance: 12 Light Years.\NSize: 1.07x Earth.\NAge: 8 billion years.\NMinimum temperature: ≥ 20ºF. Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.34,0:08:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TEEGARDEN-B{\b0}\NDistance: 12 Light Years.\NSize: 1.07x Earth.\NAge: 8 billion years.\NMinimum temperature: ≥ 20ºF.\NPossible Water World Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.15,0:08:56.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TEEGARDEN-B{\b0}\NDistance: 12 Light Years.\NSize: 1.07x Earth.\NAge: 8 billion years.\NMinimum temperature: ≥ 20ºF. Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.40,0:08:56.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TEEGARDEN-B{\b0}\NDistance: 12 Light Years.\NSize: 1.07x Earth.\NAge: 8 billion years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.52,0:08:56.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TEEGARDEN-B{\b0}\NDistance: 12 Light Years.\NSize: 1.07x Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.65,0:08:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TEEGARDEN-B{\b0}\NDistance: 12 Light Years. Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.78,0:08:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}TEEGARDEN-B{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.91,0:08:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}K2-18B{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.76,0:09:00.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}K2-18B{\b0}\NDistance: 111 Light Years. Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.01,0:09:00.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}K2-18B{\b0}\NDistance: 111 Light Years.\NSize: 2.7x Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.19,0:09:00.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}K2-18B{\b0}\NDistance: 111 Light Years.\NSize: 2.7x Earth.\NTemperature: -100 -116ºF. Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.28,0:09:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}K2-18B{\b0}\NDistance: 111 Light Years.\NSize: 2.7x Earth.\NTemperature: -100 -116ºF.\NConfirmed atmospheric water vapor Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.84,0:09:08.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}K2-18B{\b0}\NDistance: 111 Light Years.\NSize: 2.7x Earth.\NTemperature: -100 -116ºF. Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.09,0:09:08.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}K2-18B{\b0}\NDistance: 111 Light Years.\NSize: 2.7x Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.21,0:09:08.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}K2-18B{\b0}\NDistance: 111 Light Years. Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.33,0:09:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\b1}K2-18B{\b0} Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.71,0:09:17.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We have barely scratched the surface.\NNature's trove of secrets is bottomless." Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.86,0:09:20.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We have barely scratched the surface.\NNature's trove of secrets is bottomless."\NWe know that the galaxy is awash in water. Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.09,0:09:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know that the galaxy is awash in water. Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.48,0:09:28.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It’s awash in organic molecules, Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.02,0:09:32.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and complex chemistry. Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.96,0:09:35.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of the things that we know were Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.50,0:09:37.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,necessary for life to begin on this planet Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.02,0:09:40.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exist on abundance throughout the galaxy. Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.26,0:09:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Did something similar to what happened on our own planet Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.39,0:09:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happen on those other planets? Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.08,0:10:05.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Looking at the raw numbers, the existence of alien life \Nseems almost inevitable." Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.21,0:10:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The latest data suggest that up to 1/4 of stars have rocky planets\Norbiting in their habitable zone - the right distance for liquid water." Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.31,0:10:36.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In our Milk Way galaxy alone, that's ~50 billion worlds like Earth." Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.33,0:10:46.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In the entire universe, the possible number of habitable planets is staggering:" Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.25,0:10:52.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In the entire universe, the possible number of habitable planets is staggering:"\N100,000,000,000,000,000,000. Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.62,0:11:00.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Imagine each flash of light represents an Earth-like planet." Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.43,0:11:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"You would have to watch this animation for over a billion years to view them all." Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.57,0:11:26.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Each one with a history as rich and unique as Earth." Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.06,0:12:04.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Trillions and trillions of chemical soups, stewing for eons." Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.26,0:12:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are more habitable Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.62,0:12:10.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Earth-mass planets in the observable volume Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.61,0:12:14.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the universe than there are grains of sand Dialogue: 0,0:12:14.22,0:12:16.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on all the beaches on Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.79,0:12:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Among this abundance of worlds,\Nmany will be deadly to life as we know it." Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.19,0:12:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There will be planets in the habitable zone that are\Nscorched, frozen, and suffocated by poison gases." Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.12,0:12:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Many will lack an atmosphere, critical for temperature regulation,\Nor have one that is deadly." Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.69,0:13:18.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Venus, once thought to potentially support life,\Nis now sterilized by a crushing, toxic atmosphere." Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.20,0:13:26.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But life may not be confined to the habitable zone." Dialogue: 0,0:13:31.00,0:13:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Far from the warmth of their star, the moons\Nof giant gas planets may be hidden oases for life." Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.70,0:13:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Their energy comes not from starlight, but from gravity - \Nthe lurching push and pull of the host planet." Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.44,0:14:03.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Icy Enceladus has it all: a huge subsurface ocean\Nwith hydrothermal vents spewing the chemistry of life." Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.22,0:14:15.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Titan is especially alluring - larger than Mercury\Nand speckled with methane lakes and organic compounds." Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.02,0:14:28.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In 2026, NASA plans to send a drone to Titan,\Nseeking out signs of life in its valleys and craters." Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.26,0:14:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"There may be 100 trillion exomoons in our galaxy alone - \N100 times the number of planets." Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.83,0:14:42.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Some may even be Earth sized,\Nwith atmospheres and surface water." Dialogue: 0,0:14:44.23,0:14:50.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"With so many places to find life, it seems only a matter of time \Nbefore we make a discovery." Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.05,0:14:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Some think we already have." Dialogue: 0,0:15:02.14,0:15:09.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"On June 30, 1976, the Viking lander on Mars\Nfound something that still remains unexplained." Dialogue: 0,0:15:13.04,0:15:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"After being injected with nutrients, Martian sol samples \Nexpelled signature radioactive gas - just like soils from Earth." Dialogue: 0,0:15:23.90,0:15:24.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sterilized Soil | Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.03,0:15:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sterilized Soil | Sterilized Soil | Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.15,0:15:40.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sterilized Soil | California Soil | Martian soil Dialogue: 0,0:15:41.71,0:15:49.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Was this signal a natural phenomenon, or our first\Nencounter with alien biology?" Dialogue: 0,0:15:50.51,0:15:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The discovery of just one bacteria on Mars, Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.27,0:15:56.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or any other body of the Solar System Dialogue: 0,0:15:57.71,0:16:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would indicate that the whole chain of evolutions. Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.23,0:16:04.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Cosmic, chemical and biological, Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.25,0:16:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is at work everywhere. Dialogue: 0,0:16:08.47,0:16:09.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In that case, Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.78,0:16:12.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the creation of life anywhere in the universe Dialogue: 0,0:16:13.50,0:16:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would be more the rule than the exception. Dialogue: 0,0:16:20.56,0:16:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If we haven't found life already, it may not be long until we do." Dialogue: 0,0:16:29.93,0:16:36.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"NASA scientists now think we are on the verge of discovery." Dialogue: 0,0:16:36.51,0:16:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"NASA scientists now think we are on the verge of discovery."\NWithin all of our lifetimes we're going to understand Dialogue: 0,0:16:39.06,0:16:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"NASA scientists now think we are on the verge of discovery."\Nthat there is life on other bodies in the Solar System. Dialogue: 0,0:16:40.61,0:16:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there is life on other bodies in the Solar System. Dialogue: 0,0:16:49.51,0:16:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to understand the implications of that Dialogue: 0,0:16:51.57,0:16:54.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for evolution of life here on Earth. Dialogue: 0,0:16:56.27,0:16:57.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're going to find planets around Dialogue: 0,0:16:57.86,0:16:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,other stars that we can say Dialogue: 0,0:16:59.70,0:17:03.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we see potential signs of habitability in their atmospheres. Dialogue: 0,0:17:05.100,0:17:09.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's all going to happen in the next 10 to 20 years. Dialogue: 0,0:17:10.01,0:17:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How exciting is that? Dialogue: 0,0:17:13.78,0:17:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're on the verge of things that the Dialogue: 0,0:17:15.40,0:17:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people have wondered about for millennia: Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.45,0:17:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Are we alone?" Dialogue: 0,0:17:21.00,0:17:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And here we are on the verge of finding that out. Dialogue: 0,0:17:29.18,0:17:35.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If we do find life out there, what will we discover about ourselves?" Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.60,0:17:46.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What chapter is Earth in the story of life?" Dialogue: 0,0:17:47.75,0:17:51.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The universe is nearly 14 billion years old. Dialogue: 0,0:17:52.03,0:17:55.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And our galaxy is something like 12 billion years old. Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.22,0:17:58.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there could be life out there Dialogue: 0,0:17:58.75,0:18:01.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that could be dramatically more advanced Dialogue: 0,0:18:01.42,0:18:04.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the life that we have here on this planet. Dialogue: 0,0:18:06.20,0:18:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Is Earth a latecomer on the cosmic stage?" Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.19,0:18:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Just how ancient could life be?" Dialogue: 0,0:18:15.94,0:18:16.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100 Thousand Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.25,0:18:16.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1 Million Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.65,0:18:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5 Million Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.93,0:18:17.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10 Million Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:17.72,0:18:18.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50 Million Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:18.50,0:18:19.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100 Million Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.27,0:18:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,200 Million Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:19.77,0:18:20.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,300 Million Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.15,0:18:20.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,400 Million Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:20.46,0:18:21.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,500 Million Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:21.44,0:18:22.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1 Billion Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.47,0:18:23.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2 Billion Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.13,0:18:23.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,3 Billion Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.64,0:18:23.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4 Billion Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:23.96,0:18:25.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,5 Billion Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.12,0:18:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,10 Billion Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:25.55,0:18:26.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,13.8 Billion Years Ago Dialogue: 0,0:18:26.51,0:18:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Event: The Big Bang Dialogue: 0,0:18:33.67,0:18:39.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"For its first few million years, the cosmos was too hot for life as we know it." Dialogue: 0,0:18:42.56,0:18:48.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The ambient temperature would have boiled you alive." Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.35,0:18:48.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Event: The First Star Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.61,0:19:09.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"When it was finally cool enough for life, there were no stars and planets.\NOnly huge lumbering clouds of hydrogen." Dialogue: 0,0:19:17.66,0:19:25.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"After 70 million years, gravity took hold of these clouds\Nand spun them into the first generation of stars." Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.10,0:19:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The first stars were massive and bright,\Nbut there was no life to watch them rise." Dialogue: 0,0:19:53.89,0:19:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Vital heavy elements were still being forged in their hot stellar cores.\NNot even the Big Bang was hot enough to create them." Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.98,0:20:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Vital heavy elements were still being forged in their hot stellar cores.\NNot even the Big Bang was hot enoughto create them."\NThe only elements that were created on The Big Bang were hydrogen, Dialogue: 0,0:20:01.95,0:20:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only elements that were created on the Big Bang were hydrogen, Dialogue: 0,0:20:02.99,0:20:05.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,helium and a little bit of lithium. Dialogue: 0,0:20:07.48,0:20:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the stuff that makes your life livable Dialogue: 0,0:20:09.98,0:20:13.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those elements weren't created on the Big Bang. Dialogue: 0,0:20:15.53,0:20:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only place they were created Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.00,0:20:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is in the fiery cores of stars Dialogue: 0,0:20:18.72,0:20:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the only way they could get into your body Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.78,0:20:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is if the stars were kind enough to explode. Dialogue: 0,0:20:24.34,0:20:24.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Event: Death And Rebirth Dialogue: 0,0:20:37.66,0:20:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The explosive death of the first mid-sized stars\Nseeded the cosmos with the ingredients for life." Dialogue: 0,0:20:48.41,0:20:55.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"From their ashes rose a second generation of suns -\Nthis time with rocky planets dancing around them." Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.46,0:21:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"This is the moment: the raw ingredients for life together\Nfor the first time, ~13.7 billion years ago." Dialogue: 0,0:21:11.11,0:21:17.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Some believe the conditions for life existed even earlier, in the warm afterglow of creation." Dialogue: 0,0:21:25.86,0:21:32.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"As the heat from the Big Bang faded,\Nthe universe passed through a goldilocks era." Dialogue: 0,0:21:38.17,0:21:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Some 15 million years after time began,\Nthe ambient temperature reached a balmy 75º F (24º C)." Dialogue: 0,0:21:51.10,0:21:57.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"For millions of years, it was warm in all directions,\Nlike an endless summer day on Earth." Dialogue: 0,0:22:00.41,0:22:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"In theory, stars and planets could have formed this early on,\Nin hypothesized ultra-dense regions of space." Dialogue: 0,0:22:14.83,0:22:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If such regions existed, liquid water could have flowed abundantly,\Neven on rogue planets far from any star." Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.75,0:22:37.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Could this have been dawn of life?\NAlien beings feeding off the heat of the Big Bang?" Dialogue: 0,0:22:44.07,0:22:49.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Somewhere out there may be a planet with life\Nnearly as old as the universe itself." Dialogue: 0,0:22:52.43,0:23:03.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"With a 10 billion year head start, the universe could be teeming with\Nlife far more advanced than our own." Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.06,0:23:14.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Despite decades of searching, no sign of alien life\Nhas ever been confirmed, intelligent or otherwise." Dialogue: 0,0:23:17.85,0:23:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"So where is everybody?" Dialogue: 0,0:23:28.19,0:23:34.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Could we really be alone?" Dialogue: 0,0:23:44.58,0:23:55.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Maybe primitive life is common, but intelligence is exceedingly rare." Dialogue: 0,0:24:04.33,0:24:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Maybe space is just too vast for feasible communication." Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.70,0:24:21.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Or maybe we are the first." Dialogue: 0,0:24:23.19,0:24:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Could we be the opening chapter in a sprawling history of life?" Dialogue: 0,0:24:36.92,0:24:40.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,13.8 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:40.19,0:24:41.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,14 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:41.45,0:24:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,15 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:42.53,0:24:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,16 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:43.28,0:24:43.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,17 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:43.82,0:24:44.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,18 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:44.28,0:24:44.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,19 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:44.66,0:24:45.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,20 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.02,0:24:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,21 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.32,0:24:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,22 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.62,0:24:45.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,23 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:45.87,0:24:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,24 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:46.12,0:24:47.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,25 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.03,0:24:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,30 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.76,0:24:48.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,35 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:48.36,0:24:48.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,40 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:48.87,0:24:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,45 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.37,0:24:49.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,50 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.79,0:24:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,55 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.16,0:24:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,60 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.50,0:24:50.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,65 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:50.83,0:24:51.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,70 Billion Years\N"The universe is young, and the vast majority\Nof planets have yet to be born." Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.41,0:24:51.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:51.96,0:24:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,90 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:52.48,0:24:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:52.88,0:24:53.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,110 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.29,0:24:53.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,120 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:53.68,0:24:54.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,130 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:54.01,0:24:54.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,140 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:24:54.34,0:24:55.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,150 Billion Years\N"The ingredients for life will be stewing\Nfor another 100,000,000,000,000 years." Dialogue: 0,0:24:55.74,0:24:56.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,200 Billion Years\N"The ingredients for life will be stewing\Nfor another 100,000,000,000,000 years." Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.70,0:24:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,250 Billion Years\N"The ingredients for life will be stewing\Nfor another 100,000,000,000,000 years." Dialogue: 0,0:24:57.46,0:24:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,300 Billion Years\N"The ingredients for life will be stewing\Nfor another 100,000,000,000,000 years." Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.10,0:24:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,350 Billion Years\N"The ingredients for life will be stewing\Nfor another 100,000,000,000,000 years." Dialogue: 0,0:24:58.63,0:24:59.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,400 Billion Years\N"The ingredients for life will be stewing\Nfor another 100,000,000,000,000 years." Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.12,0:24:59.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,450 Billion Years\N"The ingredients for life will be stewing\Nfor another 100,000,000,000,000 years." Dialogue: 0,0:24:59.53,0:25:00.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,500 Billion Years\N"The ingredients for life will be stewing\Nfor another 100,000,000,000,000 years." Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.27,0:25:00.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,600 Billion Years\N"The ingredients for life will be stewing\Nfor another 100,000,000,000,000 years." Dialogue: 0,0:25:00.96,0:25:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,700 Billion Years\N"The ingredients for life will be stewing\Nfor another 100,000,000,000,000 years." Dialogue: 0,0:25:01.50,0:25:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,800 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:25:02.33,0:25:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,900 Billion Years Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.30,0:25:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,900 Billion Years\N"From this perspective, we are the dawn:\Nthe opening melody in a symphony of life." Dialogue: 0,0:25:04.88,0:25:05.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,1 Trillion Years\N"From this perspective, we are the dawn:\Nthe opening melody in a symphony of life." Dialogue: 0,0:25:05.13,0:25:05.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2 Trillion Years\N"From this perspective, we are the dawn:\Nthe opening melody in a symphony of life." Dialogue: 0,0:25:05.51,0:25:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,4 Trillion Years\N"From this perspective, we are the dawn:\Nthe opening melody in a symphony of life." Dialogue: 0,0:25:06.26,0:25:07.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,8 Trillion Years\N"From this perspective, we are the dawn:\Nthe opening melody in a symphony of life." Dialogue: 0,0:25:07.73,0:25:10.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,16 Trillion Years\N"From this perspective, we are the dawn:\Nthe opening melody in a symphony of life." Dialogue: 0,0:25:10.38,0:25:13.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,32 Trillion Years\N"From this perspective, we are the dawn:\Nthe opening melody in a symphony of life." Dialogue: 0,0:25:13.05,0:25:14.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,32 Trillion Years Dialogue: 0,0:25:14.92,0:25:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,64 Trillion Years Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.70,0:25:17.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,70 Trillion Years Dialogue: 0,0:25:17.02,0:25:18.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,80 Trillion Years Dialogue: 0,0:25:18.42,0:25:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,90 Trillion Years Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.12,0:25:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,95 Trillion Years Dialogue: 0,0:25:19.82,0:25:20.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,~100 Trillion Years Later Dialogue: 0,0:25:20.07,0:25:23.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Event: Last Star Dies\N~100 Trillion Years Later Dialogue: 0,0:25:23.66,0:25:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What might come long after us?" Dialogue: 0,0:25:37.64,0:25:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Red dwarf stars can live up to 10 trillion years,\Nbathing their planets in starlight for eons." Dialogue: 0,0:25:56.30,0:26:01.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Life is much more probable on these time scales,\Nwhere conditions are stable for vast periods of time." Dialogue: 0,0:26:10.14,0:26:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Any beings living close to these stars would have to contend\Nwith violent solar flares that continually threaten extinction." Dialogue: 0,0:26:20.02,0:26:30.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Many of these planets would be tidally locked - one side permanently\Nexposed to the sun, the other frozen in darkness." Dialogue: 0,0:26:34.07,0:26:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"But as Earth has taught us, life is remarkably adaptable." Dialogue: 0,0:26:42.50,0:26:49.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What forms might life take when it has trillions of years to evolve?" Dialogue: 0,0:27:23.93,0:27:29.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"One day, somehow, the story of life will come to an end." Dialogue: 0,0:27:32.37,0:27:40.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"If we are the first chapter of that story, we have the chance \Nto carry the torch of life far into the future." Dialogue: 0,0:27:57.67,0:28:05.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"And if biology does persist far into the future,\Nthen we live in a privileged moment." Dialogue: 0,0:28:09.68,0:28:14.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In later chapters, the universe will seem far different. Dialogue: 0,0:28:17.92,0:28:24.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"The expansion of spacetime will make distant stars invisible, \Nand the night skies will go dark." Dialogue: 0,0:28:26.68,0:28:35.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Perhaps life in the far future will wonder:\NWhat it was like to live in the universe's brilliant early days?" Dialogue: 0,0:28:38.19,0:28:42.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"We are lucky enough to know the answer." Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.68,0:28:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"All we have to do is look up." Dialogue: 0,0:29:06.29,0:29:12.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hand Crafted By Melodysheep Dialogue: 0,0:29:12.01,0:29:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hand Crafted By Melodysheep\NSupported By Dialogue: 0,0:29:15.56,0:29:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hand Crafted By Melodysheep\NSupported By\NProtocol Labs Dialogue: 0,0:29:17.65,0:29:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Supported By\NProtocol Labs\NFeaturing The Voices Of Dialogue: 0,0:29:18.89,0:29:19.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Protocol Labs\NFeaturing The Voices Of\NDouglas Rain Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.77,0:29:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Featuring The Voices Of\NDouglas Rain\NOrson Welles Dialogue: 0,0:29:20.56,0:29:21.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Douglas Rain\NOrson Welles\NDavid Christian Dialogue: 0,0:29:21.33,0:29:22.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Orson Welles\NDavid Christian\NMichelle Thaller Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.09,0:29:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,David Christian\NMichelle Thaller\NAndrew Siemion Dialogue: 0,0:29:22.89,0:29:23.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Michelle Thaller\NAndrew Siemion\NDan Werthimer Dialogue: 0,0:29:23.65,0:29:24.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Andrew Siemion\NDan Werthimer\NAvi Loeb Dialogue: 0,0:29:24.35,0:29:25.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Dan Werthimer\NAvi Loeb\NEllen Stofan Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.22,0:29:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Avi Loeb\NEllen Stofan\NLawrence Krauss Dialogue: 0,0:29:26.63,0:29:27.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Ellen Stofan\NLawrence Krauss\NConcept, Music & Visuals By Dialogue: 0,0:29:27.99,0:29:29.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Lawrence Krauss\NConcept, Music & Visuals By\NMelodysheep / John D. Boswell Dialogue: 0,0:29:29.57,0:29:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Concept, Music & Visuals By\NMelodysheep / John D. Boswell\NAdditional Visuals By Dialogue: 0,0:29:30.80,0:29:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Melodysheep / John D. Boswell\NAdditional Visuals By\NJulius Horsthuis Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.62,0:29:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Additional Visuals By\NJulius Horsthuis\NKonstantin Kovalenko Dialogue: 0,0:29:32.37,0:29:33.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Julius Horsthuis\NKonstantin Kovalenko\NNASA Dialogue: 0,0:29:33.24,0:29:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Konstantin Kovalenko\NNASA\NEvolve Dialogue: 0,0:29:34.62,0:29:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,NASA\NEvolve\NSpecial Thanks To Dialogue: 0,0:29:36.12,0:29:36.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Evolve\NSpecial Thanks To\NJuan Benet Dialogue: 0,0:29:36.92,0:29:37.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Special Thanks To\NJuan Benet\NJulius Horsthuis Dialogue: 0,0:29:37.72,0:29:39.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Juan Benet\NJulius Horsthuis\NKonstantin Kovalenko Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.23,0:29:40.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Julius Horsthuis\NKonstantin Kovalenko\NMy Patreon Supporters Dialogue: 0,0:29:40.71,0:29:41.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Konstantin Kovalenko\NMy Patreon Supporters\NSupport This Production At Dialogue: 0,0:29:41.100,0:29:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My Patreon Supporters\NSupport This Production At\Npatreon.com/melodysheep Dialogue: 0,0:29:43.56,0:29:44.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Support This Production At\Npatreon.com/melodysheep\NMelodysheep.com Dialogue: 0,0:29:44.33,0:29:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,patreon.com/melodysheep\NMelodysheep.com\NTwitter: @musicalscience Dialogue: 0,0:29:45.10,0:29:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Melodysheep.com\NTwitter: @musicalscience\NInstagram: @melodysheep_ Dialogue: 0,0:29:46.68,0:29:47.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Twitter: @musicalscience\NInstagram: @melodysheep_\NAn Dialogue: 0,0:29:47.84,0:29:49.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Instagram: @melodysheep_\NAn\NAmber Mountain Studios Dialogue: 0,0:29:49.23,0:29:59.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,An\NAmber Mountain Studios\NProduction Dialogue: 0,0:30:07.79,0:30:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LIFE Dialogue: 0,0:30:08.72,0:30:13.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,LIFE BEYOND Dialogue: 0,0:30:15.36,0:30:22.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Next on Life Beyond:\NMake contect with intelligent life\NSurviving the end of the universe\NThe physics of alien life\N& more Dialogue: 0,0:30:22.00,0:30:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Subtitler:\NErnesryst Sautrie\NErick Soares Figueiredo\Nfpetras