1
00:00:01,324 --> 00:00:04,602
Je kama unaweza kuchukua kidonge 
au chanjo

2
00:00:04,730 --> 00:00:06,670
na kama ukawa unapona mafua,

3
00:00:06,780 --> 00:00:08,785
unaweza kuponya jeraha kwa urahisi?

4
00:00:08,899 --> 00:00:12,051
Leo, kama tukiwa na upasuaji au ajali,

5
00:00:12,355 --> 00:00:13,976
tunakaa hospitalini kwa wiki,

6
00:00:14,000 --> 00:00:16,626
na mara nyingi tunabaki na makovu 
na madhara ya uchungu

7
00:00:16,650 --> 00:00:21,785
kwa uwezo wetu wa kutengeneza au
kukuza afya, na viungo visivyo na jeraha.

8
00:00:22,436 --> 00:00:24,462
Nafanya kazi kujenga vifaa

9
00:00:24,486 --> 00:00:28,689
vinavyofundisha mfumo wetu wa kinga ili
utupe alama za kukuza tishu mpya.

10
00:00:29,497 --> 00:00:32,571
Kama tu chanjo inavyofundisha
mwili wetu kupigana na magonjwa,

11
00:00:32,595 --> 00:00:35,323
badala yake tunaweza fundisha
mfumo wetu wa kinga

12
00:00:35,347 --> 00:00:38,211
kujenga tishu
na kuponya majeraha kwa urahisi.

13
00:00:38,886 --> 00:00:42,664
Sasa, kukuza sehemu za mwili kutoka
popote inaweza kuonekana kama uchawi,

14
00:00:42,688 --> 00:00:45,879
lakini kuna viumbe kadhaa
vinavyoweza kutimiza mafanikio haya.

15
00:00:45,903 --> 00:00:48,346
Baadhi ya mijusi inaweza kukuza mikia yao,

16
00:00:48,370 --> 00:00:52,315
yule salamanda mnyenyekevu
anaweza kukuza kabisa mkono wake,

17
00:00:52,339 --> 00:00:55,228
na hata binadamu tu
wanaweza kukuza ini lao

18
00:00:55,252 --> 00:00:58,343
baada ya kupoteza zaidi ya nusu
ya uzito wao wa awali.

19
00:00:58,615 --> 00:01:01,250
Ili kufanya uchawi huu
kuwa karibu zaidi na ukweli,

20
00:01:01,274 --> 00:01:05,369
nina fanya uchunguzi wa jinsi mwili wetu
unaweza kuponya majeraha na kujenga tishu

21
00:01:05,393 --> 00:01:07,522
kupitia maelekezo kutoka mfumo
wa kinga.

22
00:01:08,387 --> 00:01:11,912
Kutoka kwenye mkato wa goti lako
mpaka maambukizi ya sinus yanayoboa,

23
00:01:11,936 --> 00:01:14,617
mfumo wetu wa kinga unalinda
mwili wetu na hatari.

24
00:01:15,199 --> 00:01:16,660
Mimi ni immunolojisti

25
00:01:16,684 --> 00:01:19,714
na kwa kutumia ninachojua
kuhusu mfumo wa ulinzi wa mwili wetu,

26
00:01:19,738 --> 00:01:21,914
niliweza kutambua wachezaji wakuu

27
00:01:21,938 --> 00:01:24,626
kwenye mapambano ya kujenga 
mikato na michubuko yetu.

28
00:01:25,436 --> 00:01:28,105
Tunapoangalia vifaa
vinavyojaribiwa kwa sasa

29
00:01:28,129 --> 00:01:30,327
kwa uwezo wao wa kusaidia kukuza misuli,

30
00:01:30,351 --> 00:01:34,510
timu yetu imeona kua baada ya kutibu
msuli uliojeruhiwa na vifaa hivi,

31
00:01:34,534 --> 00:01:36,857
kulikua na idadi kubwa ya seli za kinga

32
00:01:36,881 --> 00:01:39,438
ndani ya kifaa
na inayozunguka msuli.

33
00:01:40,010 --> 00:01:41,168
Hivyo kwa sababu hii,

34
00:01:41,192 --> 00:01:45,406
badala ya seli za kinga kukimbilia
kwenye maambukizi kupigana na bakteria,

35
00:01:45,430 --> 00:01:47,517
zinakimbilia kuelekea kwenye jeraha.

36
00:01:47,922 --> 00:01:50,755
Nimegundua aina maalum
ya seli za kinga,

37
00:01:50,779 --> 00:01:52,073
ni msaidizi T kiini,

38
00:01:52,097 --> 00:01:54,826
ilikua inapatikana ndani ya
kile kifaa nilichokipanda

39
00:01:54,850 --> 00:01:57,767
na ni muhimu kabisa kwa ajili ya uponyaji
jeraha.

40
00:01:58,325 --> 00:02:01,767
Sasa, kama tu ulivyokua mdogo na
ukavunja penseli yako

41
00:02:01,791 --> 00:02:04,329
na kujaribu kugundisha kwa pamoja tena,

42
00:02:04,353 --> 00:02:05,507
tunaweza kupona,

43
00:02:05,531 --> 00:02:07,776
lakini inaweza isiwe
njia inayofanya kazi zaidi,

44
00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:09,173
na tutapata kovu.

45
00:02:09,515 --> 00:02:12,499
Hivyo kama hatuna hizi msaidizi T kiini,

46
00:02:12,523 --> 00:02:14,110
badala ya misuli yenye afya,

47
00:02:14,134 --> 00:02:16,745
misuli yetu inatengeneza
seli za mafuta ndani yake,

48
00:02:16,769 --> 00:02:19,646
na kama kuna mafuta kwenye misuli yetu,
haina nguvu.

49
00:02:20,033 --> 00:02:22,433
Sasa, kutumia mfumo wetu wa kinga,

50
00:02:22,457 --> 00:02:24,954
miili yetu inaweza kukua tena
bila haya makovu

51
00:02:24,978 --> 00:02:28,380
na kuonekana kama ilivyokua
kabla hata hatujajeruhiwa.

52
00:02:29,128 --> 00:02:31,688
Nina fanya kazi kutengeneza vifaa

53
00:02:31,712 --> 00:02:33,991
vinavyotuma alama
za kujenga tishu mpya

54
00:02:34,015 --> 00:02:36,305
kwa kubadilisha mwitikio wa kinga.

55
00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:41,055
Tunajua kua muda wowote
kifaa kinapopandwa mwilini mwetu,

56
00:02:41,079 --> 00:02:43,134
mfumo wa kinga utaitikia kwake.

57
00:02:43,158 --> 00:02:47,667
Hii hutofautiana kwanzia kipima mapigo ya
moyo mpaka pampu za insulini

58
00:02:47,691 --> 00:02:51,617
mpaka vifaa ambavyo wanatumia wahandisi
ili kujaribu kujenga tishu mpya.

59
00:02:51,932 --> 00:02:55,997
Hivyo ninapoweka hicho kifaa,
au kiguzo, ndani ya mwili,

60
00:02:56,021 --> 00:03:00,426
mfumo wa kinga hutengeneza
mazingira madogo ya seli na protini

61
00:03:00,450 --> 00:03:03,322
ambazo zinaweza badili jinsi
seli shina zetu zinavyoishi.

62
00:03:03,817 --> 00:03:07,715
Sasa, kama hali ya hewa
inavyoathiri shughuli zetu za siku,

63
00:03:07,739 --> 00:03:09,064
kama kwenda kukimbia

64
00:03:09,088 --> 00:03:13,573
au kukaa ndani na kutazama
kipindi kizima cha TV kwenye Netflix,

65
00:03:13,597 --> 00:03:15,565
mazingira ya kinga ya kiguzo

66
00:03:15,589 --> 00:03:18,644
inaathiri jinsi seli shina zetu
zinavyokua na kuendelea.

67
00:03:18,883 --> 00:03:20,899
Kama tunakua na ishara za mbovu,

68
00:03:20,923 --> 00:03:22,598
tuseme kama ishara za Netflix,

69
00:03:22,622 --> 00:03:25,746
tunapata seli za mafuta badala ya misuli.

70
00:03:26,790 --> 00:03:29,917
Viguzo hivi vimetengenezwa na
aina nyingi tofauti ya vitu,

71
00:03:29,941 --> 00:03:33,306
kwanzia plastiki mpaka vitu
vinavyopatikana kiasili,

72
00:03:33,330 --> 00:03:36,081
nyuzi ndogo zinazotofautiana unene,

73
00:03:36,105 --> 00:03:38,518
sifongo ambazo zina matundu makubwa
au madogo,

74
00:03:38,542 --> 00:03:40,661
jeli zenye ugumu unaotofautiana.

75
00:03:40,685 --> 00:03:42,795
Na watafiti wanaweza hata 
kutengeneza vifaa

76
00:03:42,819 --> 00:03:44,858
kutoa ishara tofauti na mda.

77
00:03:45,473 --> 00:03:50,719
Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, tunaweza kupanga
maonyesho hayaya Broadway ya seli

78
00:03:50,743 --> 00:03:54,601
kwa kuzipa jukwaa, sehemu
na heshima sahihi

79
00:03:54,625 --> 00:03:56,846
inayoweza kubadilishwa kwa tishu tofauti,

80
00:03:56,870 --> 00:03:59,066
kama tu mtengenezaji anavyobadilisha
jukwaa

81
00:03:59,090 --> 00:04:02,013
kwa "Les Mis" dhidi ya 
"Little Shop of Horrors."

82
00:04:02,398 --> 00:04:05,082
Nina changanya aina maalum za ishara

83
00:04:05,106 --> 00:04:09,814
ambazo zinaiga jinsi miili yetu inavyojibu
maumivu kutusaidia kua wapya.

84
00:04:10,283 --> 00:04:13,811
Huko mbeleni, tutaona bandi ya misaada
ambayo ni kizuia kovu,

85
00:04:13,835 --> 00:04:17,813
kijazo cha msuli kinachofinyangika
au hata chanjo inayoponya jeraha.

86
00:04:17,837 --> 00:04:21,414
Sasa, hatutaweza kuamka kesho na
kuweza kuponywa kama Wolverine.

87
00:04:21,438 --> 00:04:23,304
Pengine hata sio Jumanne ijayo pia.

88
00:04:23,328 --> 00:04:24,512
Ila na haya maednelelo,

89
00:04:24,536 --> 00:04:28,741
na kufanya kazi na mfumo wetu wa kinga
kusaidia kuunda tishu na kutibu majeraha,

90
00:04:28,765 --> 00:04:30,994
tunaweza kuanza kuona
bidhaa kwenye soko

91
00:04:31,018 --> 00:04:34,884
zinazofanya kazi na mfumo wa ulinzi 
mwilini kusaidia kutengeneza upya,

92
00:04:34,908 --> 00:04:38,963
na labda siku moja tutaweza 
kua sambamba na salamander.

93
00:04:39,876 --> 00:04:41,027
Asante.

94
00:04:41,051 --> 00:04:44,690
(Makofi)