0:00:01.324,0:00:04.602
Je kama unaweza kuchukua kidonge [br]au chanjo

0:00:04.730,0:00:06.670
na kama ukawa unapona mafua,

0:00:06.780,0:00:08.785
unaweza kuponya jeraha kwa urahisi?

0:00:08.899,0:00:12.051
Leo, kama tukiwa na upasuaji au ajali,

0:00:12.355,0:00:13.976
tunakaa hospitalini kwa wiki,

0:00:14.000,0:00:16.626
na mara nyingi tunabaki na makovu [br]na madhara ya uchungu

0:00:16.650,0:00:21.785
kwa uwezo wetu wa kutengeneza au[br]kukuza afya, na viungo visivyo na jeraha.

0:00:22.436,0:00:24.462
Nafanya kazi kujenga vifaa

0:00:24.486,0:00:28.689
vinavyofundisha mfumo wetu wa kinga ili[br]utupe alama za kukuza tishu mpya.

0:00:29.497,0:00:32.571
Kama tu chanjo inavyofundisha[br]mwili wetu kupigana na magonjwa,

0:00:32.595,0:00:35.323
badala yake tunaweza fundisha[br]mfumo wetu wa kinga

0:00:35.347,0:00:38.211
kujenga tishu[br]na kuponya majeraha kwa urahisi.

0:00:38.886,0:00:42.664
Sasa, kukuza sehemu za mwili kutoka[br]popote inaweza kuonekana kama uchawi,

0:00:42.688,0:00:45.879
lakini kuna viumbe kadhaa[br]vinavyoweza kutimiza mafanikio haya.

0:00:45.903,0:00:48.346
Baadhi ya mijusi inaweza kukuza mikia yao,

0:00:48.370,0:00:52.315
yule salamanda mnyenyekevu[br]anaweza kukuza kabisa mkono wake,

0:00:52.339,0:00:55.228
na hata binadamu tu[br]wanaweza kukuza ini lao

0:00:55.252,0:00:58.343
baada ya kupoteza zaidi ya nusu[br]ya uzito wao wa awali.

0:00:58.615,0:01:01.250
Ili kufanya uchawi huu[br]kuwa karibu zaidi na ukweli,

0:01:01.274,0:01:05.369
nina fanya uchunguzi wa jinsi mwili wetu[br]unaweza kuponya majeraha na kujenga tishu

0:01:05.393,0:01:07.522
kupitia maelekezo kutoka mfumo[br]wa kinga.

0:01:08.387,0:01:11.912
Kutoka kwenye mkato wa goti lako[br]mpaka maambukizi ya sinus yanayoboa,

0:01:11.936,0:01:14.617
mfumo wetu wa kinga unalinda[br]mwili wetu na hatari.

0:01:15.199,0:01:16.660
Mimi ni immunolojisti

0:01:16.684,0:01:19.714
na kwa kutumia ninachojua[br]kuhusu mfumo wa ulinzi wa mwili wetu,

0:01:19.738,0:01:21.914
niliweza kutambua wachezaji wakuu

0:01:21.938,0:01:24.626
kwenye mapambano ya kujenga [br]mikato na michubuko yetu.

0:01:25.436,0:01:28.105
Tunapoangalia vifaa[br]vinavyojaribiwa kwa sasa

0:01:28.129,0:01:30.327
kwa uwezo wao wa kusaidia kukuza misuli,

0:01:30.351,0:01:34.510
timu yetu imeona kua baada ya kutibu[br]msuli uliojeruhiwa na vifaa hivi,

0:01:34.534,0:01:36.857
kulikua na idadi kubwa ya seli za kinga

0:01:36.881,0:01:39.438
ndani ya kifaa[br]na inayozunguka msuli.

0:01:40.010,0:01:41.168
Hivyo kwa sababu hii,

0:01:41.192,0:01:45.406
badala ya seli za kinga kukimbilia[br]kwenye maambukizi kupigana na bakteria,

0:01:45.430,0:01:47.517
zinakimbilia kuelekea kwenye jeraha.

0:01:47.922,0:01:50.755
Nimegundua aina maalum[br]ya seli za kinga,

0:01:50.779,0:01:52.073
ni msaidizi T kiini,

0:01:52.097,0:01:54.826
ilikua inapatikana ndani ya[br]kile kifaa nilichokipanda

0:01:54.850,0:01:57.767
na ni muhimu kabisa kwa ajili ya uponyaji[br]jeraha.

0:01:58.325,0:02:01.767
Sasa, kama tu ulivyokua mdogo na[br]ukavunja penseli yako

0:02:01.791,0:02:04.329
na kujaribu kugundisha kwa pamoja tena,

0:02:04.353,0:02:05.507
tunaweza kupona,

0:02:05.531,0:02:07.776
lakini inaweza isiwe[br]njia inayofanya kazi zaidi,

0:02:07.800,0:02:09.173
na tutapata kovu.

0:02:09.515,0:02:12.499
Hivyo kama hatuna hizi msaidizi T kiini,

0:02:12.523,0:02:14.110
badala ya misuli yenye afya,

0:02:14.134,0:02:16.745
misuli yetu inatengeneza[br]seli za mafuta ndani yake,

0:02:16.769,0:02:19.646
na kama kuna mafuta kwenye misuli yetu,[br]haina nguvu.

0:02:20.033,0:02:22.433
Sasa, kutumia mfumo wetu wa kinga,

0:02:22.457,0:02:24.954
miili yetu inaweza kukua tena[br]bila haya makovu

0:02:24.978,0:02:28.380
na kuonekana kama ilivyokua[br]kabla hata hatujajeruhiwa.

0:02:29.128,0:02:31.688
Nina fanya kazi kutengeneza vifaa

0:02:31.712,0:02:33.991
vinavyotuma alama[br]za kujenga tishu mpya

0:02:34.015,0:02:36.305
kwa kubadilisha mwitikio wa kinga.

0:02:36.840,0:02:41.055
Tunajua kua muda wowote[br]kifaa kinapopandwa mwilini mwetu,

0:02:41.079,0:02:43.134
mfumo wa kinga utaitikia kwake.

0:02:43.158,0:02:47.667
Hii hutofautiana kwanzia kipima mapigo ya[br]moyo mpaka pampu za insulini

0:02:47.691,0:02:51.617
mpaka vifaa ambavyo wanatumia wahandisi[br]ili kujaribu kujenga tishu mpya.

0:02:51.932,0:02:55.997
Hivyo ninapoweka hicho kifaa,[br]au kiguzo, ndani ya mwili,

0:02:56.021,0:03:00.426
mfumo wa kinga hutengeneza[br]mazingira madogo ya seli na protini

0:03:00.450,0:03:03.322
ambazo zinaweza badili jinsi[br]seli shina zetu zinavyoishi.

0:03:03.817,0:03:07.715
Sasa, kama hali ya hewa[br]inavyoathiri shughuli zetu za siku,

0:03:07.739,0:03:09.064
kama kwenda kukimbia

0:03:09.088,0:03:13.573
au kukaa ndani na kutazama[br]kipindi kizima cha TV kwenye Netflix,

0:03:13.597,0:03:15.565
mazingira ya kinga ya kiguzo

0:03:15.589,0:03:18.644
inaathiri jinsi seli shina zetu[br]zinavyokua na kuendelea.

0:03:18.883,0:03:20.899
Kama tunakua na ishara za mbovu,

0:03:20.923,0:03:22.598
tuseme kama ishara za Netflix,

0:03:22.622,0:03:25.746
tunapata seli za mafuta badala ya misuli.

0:03:26.790,0:03:29.917
Viguzo hivi vimetengenezwa na[br]aina nyingi tofauti ya vitu,

0:03:29.941,0:03:33.306
kwanzia plastiki mpaka vitu[br]vinavyopatikana kiasili,

0:03:33.330,0:03:36.081
nyuzi ndogo zinazotofautiana unene,

0:03:36.105,0:03:38.518
sifongo ambazo zina matundu makubwa[br]au madogo,

0:03:38.542,0:03:40.661
jeli zenye ugumu unaotofautiana.

0:03:40.685,0:03:42.795
Na watafiti wanaweza hata [br]kutengeneza vifaa

0:03:42.819,0:03:44.858
kutoa ishara tofauti na mda.

0:03:45.473,0:03:50.719
Hivyo kwa maneno mengine, tunaweza kupanga[br]maonyesho hayaya Broadway ya seli

0:03:50.743,0:03:54.601
kwa kuzipa jukwaa, sehemu[br]na heshima sahihi

0:03:54.625,0:03:56.846
inayoweza kubadilishwa kwa tishu tofauti,

0:03:56.870,0:03:59.066
kama tu mtengenezaji anavyobadilisha[br]jukwaa

0:03:59.090,0:04:02.013
kwa "Les Mis" dhidi ya [br]"Little Shop of Horrors."

0:04:02.398,0:04:05.082
Nina changanya aina maalum za ishara

0:04:05.106,0:04:09.814
ambazo zinaiga jinsi miili yetu inavyojibu[br]maumivu kutusaidia kua wapya.

0:04:10.283,0:04:13.811
Huko mbeleni, tutaona bandi ya misaada[br]ambayo ni kizuia kovu,

0:04:13.835,0:04:17.813
kijazo cha msuli kinachofinyangika[br]au hata chanjo inayoponya jeraha.

0:04:17.837,0:04:21.414
Sasa, hatutaweza kuamka kesho na[br]kuweza kuponywa kama Wolverine.

0:04:21.438,0:04:23.304
Pengine hata sio Jumanne ijayo pia.

0:04:23.328,0:04:24.512
Ila na haya maednelelo,

0:04:24.536,0:04:28.741
na kufanya kazi na mfumo wetu wa kinga[br]kusaidia kuunda tishu na kutibu majeraha,

0:04:28.765,0:04:30.994
tunaweza kuanza kuona[br]bidhaa kwenye soko

0:04:31.018,0:04:34.884
zinazofanya kazi na mfumo wa ulinzi [br]mwilini kusaidia kutengeneza upya,

0:04:34.908,0:04:38.963
na labda siku moja tutaweza [br]kua sambamba na salamander.

0:04:39.876,0:04:41.027
Asante.

0:04:41.051,0:04:44.690
(Makofi)