[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.09,0:00:17.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I, like many of you,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:17.99,0:00:24.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,am one of the two billion people\Non Earth who live in cities.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.68,0:00:27.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are days --\NI don't know about the rest of you --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.61,0:00:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there are days when I palpably feel
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.20,0:00:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much I rely on other people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.70,0:00:35.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for pretty much everything in my life.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.65,0:00:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And some days, that can even\Nbe a little scary.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.99,0:00:41.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what I'm here\Nto talk to you about today
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.10,0:00:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is how that same interdependence
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.91,0:00:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is actually an extremely\Npowerful social infrastructure
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.22,0:00:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can actually harness
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.23,0:00:54.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to help heal some\Nof our deepest civic issues,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:54.12,0:00:57.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we apply open-source collaboration.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.59,0:00:59.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A couple of years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.96,0:01:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I read an article by New York Times\Nwriter Michael Pollan,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.48,0:01:07.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in which he argued that growing\Neven some of our own food
Dialogue: 0,0:01:07.60,0:01:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the best things\Nthat we can do for the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.64,0:01:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now at the time that I was reading this,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.56,0:01:15.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was the middle of the winter
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.23,0:01:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I definitely did not have room\Nfor a lot of dirt
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.56,0:01:20.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in my New York City apartment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.71,0:01:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I was basically just willing to settle
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.70,0:01:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for just reading the next Wired magazine
Dialogue: 0,0:01:24.67,0:01:27.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and finding out how the experts\Nwere going to figure out
Dialogue: 0,0:01:27.32,0:01:30.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to solve all these problems\Nfor us in the future.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.42,0:01:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But that was actually exactly the point
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.69,0:01:34.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Michael Pollan\Nwas making in this article --
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.00,0:01:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's precisely when we hand over
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.23,0:01:40.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the responsibility\Nfor all these things to specialists
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.50,0:01:44.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we cause the kind of messes\Nthat we see with the food system.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.50,0:01:48.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I happen to know\Na little bit from my own work
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.86,0:01:53.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about how NASA has been using hydroponics
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.14,0:01:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to explore growing food in space.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.67,0:01:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I started to learn
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.38,0:02:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you can actually\Nget optimal nutritional yield
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.42,0:02:07.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by running a kind of high-quality\Nliquid soil over plants' root systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.73,0:02:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now to a vegetable plant,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.34,0:02:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my apartment has got to be\Nabout as foreign as outer space.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.85,0:02:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I can offer some natural light
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.34,0:02:18.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and year-round climate control.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.23,0:02:20.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Fast-forward two years later:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.95,0:02:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we now have window farms,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.70,0:02:24.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are vertical, hydroponic platforms
Dialogue: 0,0:02:24.78,0:02:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for food-growing indoors.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.62,0:02:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the way it works\Nis that there's a pump at the bottom,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.40,0:02:33.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which periodically sends this liquid\Nnutrient solution up to the top,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.98,0:02:36.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which then trickles down\Nthrough plants' root systems
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.65,0:02:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are suspended in clay pellets --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.81,0:02:40.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so there's no dirt involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:40.81,0:02:45.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now light and temperature vary\Nwith each window's microclimate,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.54,0:02:49.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so a window farm requires a farmer,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:49.32,0:02:50.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and she must decide
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.84,0:02:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what kind of crops she is going\Nto put in her window farm,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.60,0:02:58.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and whether she is going\Nto feed her food organically.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.93,0:03:01.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Back at the time,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.11,0:03:04.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a window farm was no more\Nthan a technically complex idea
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.51,0:03:06.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that was going to require\Na lot of testing.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.10,0:03:09.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I really wanted it\Nto be an open project,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:09.87,0:03:11.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because hydroponics
Dialogue: 0,0:03:11.10,0:03:13.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is one of the fastest\Ngrowing areas of patenting
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.84,0:03:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.53,0:03:19.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could possibly become\Nanother area like Monsanto,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.22,0:03:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we have a lot of corporate\Nintellectual property
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.28,0:03:24.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the way of people's food.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:24.31,0:03:27.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I decided that,\Ninstead of creating a product,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.96,0:03:29.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what I was going to do
Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.15,0:03:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was open this up\Nto a whole bunch of codevelopers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.56,0:03:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The first few systems that we created,\Nthey kind of worked.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.04,0:03:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We were actually able to grow\Nabout a salad a week
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.40,0:03:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a typical New York City\Napartment window.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.82,0:03:42.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we were able to grow cherry tomatoes
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.87,0:03:44.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cucumbers, all kinds of stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.87,0:03:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But the first few systems
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.38,0:03:49.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were these leaky, loud power-guzzlers
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.93,0:03:52.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that Martha Stewart\Nwould definitely never have approved.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.72,0:03:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.08,0:03:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So to bring on more codevelopers,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.50,0:03:59.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we did was we created\Na social media site
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.42,0:04:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on which we published the designs,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.39,0:04:03.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we explained how they worked,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.41,0:04:05.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we even went so far
Dialogue: 0,0:04:05.81,0:04:09.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as to point out everything\Nthat was wrong with these systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:09.08,0:04:11.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then we invited people\Nall over the world
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.47,0:04:13.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to build them and experiment with us.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.76,0:04:15.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So actually now on this website,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.95,0:04:18.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have 18,000 people.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.67,0:04:22.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we have window farms\Nall over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.54,0:04:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we're doing\Nis what NASA or a large corporation
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.34,0:04:29.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would call R&D,\Nor research and development.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.85,0:04:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what we call it is R&D-I-Y,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.79,0:04:35.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "research and develop it yourself."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.65,0:04:38.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, for example, Jackson came along
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.23,0:04:41.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and suggested that we use air pumps\Ninstead of water pumps.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.40,0:04:44.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It took building a whole bunch\Nof systems to get it right,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.14,0:04:47.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but once we did, we were able to cut\Nour carbon footprint nearly in half.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.47,0:04:51.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tony in Chicago has been taking on\Ngrowing experiments,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.48,0:04:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like lots of other window farmers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.16,0:04:56.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and he's been able to get\Nhis strawberries to fruit
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.15,0:04:58.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for nine months of the year\Nin low-light conditions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.93,0:05:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by simply changing out\Nthe organic nutrients.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.68,0:05:07.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And window farmers in Finland\Nhave been customizing their window farms
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.08,0:05:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the dark days of the Finnish winters
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.44,0:05:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by outfitting them with LED grow lights
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.54,0:05:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they're now making\Nopen source and part of the project.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.86,0:05:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So window farms have been evolving
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.25,0:05:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through a rapid versioning process\Nsimilar to software.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.74,0:05:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with every open source project,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.43,0:05:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the real benefit is the interplay
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.17,0:05:29.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the specific concerns\Nof people customizing their systems
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.68,0:05:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the universal concerns.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.75,0:05:33.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my core team and I
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.71,0:05:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are able to concentrate\Non the improvements
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.28,0:05:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that really benefit everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.55,0:05:41.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're able to look out\Nfor the needs of newcomers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.79,0:05:43.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for do-it-yourselfers,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.54,0:05:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we provide free,\Nvery well-tested instructions
Dialogue: 0,0:05:47.69,0:05:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that anyone, anywhere around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.80,0:05:51.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can build one of these systems for free.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.97,0:05:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there's a patent pending\Non these systems as well
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.72,0:05:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's held by the community.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.51,0:05:58.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And to fund the project,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.44,0:06:00.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we partner to create products
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.76,0:06:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we then sell\Nto schools and to individuals
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.66,0:06:06.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who don't have time\Nto build their own systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.34,0:06:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now within our community,\Na certain culture has appeared.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.82,0:06:12.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In our culture,\Nit is better to be a tester
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.56,0:06:14.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who supports someone else's idea
Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.86,0:06:17.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than it is to be just the idea guy.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.35,0:06:22.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What we get out of this project\Nis support for our own work,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.50,0:06:26.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as well as an experience\Nof actually contributing
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.45,0:06:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the environmental movement
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.60,0:06:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a way other than just\Nscrewing in new light bulbs.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.96,0:06:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I think that Eleen expresses best
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.63,0:06:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what we really get out of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.13,0:06:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is the actual joy of collaboration.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.69,0:06:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she expresses here what it's like
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.40,0:06:44.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see someone halfway across the world
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.90,0:06:47.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,having taken your idea, built upon it
Dialogue: 0,0:06:47.23,0:06:49.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then acknowledging\Nyou for contributing.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.94,0:06:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we really want to see\Nthe kind of wide consumer behavior change
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.87,0:06:57.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we're all talking about\Nas environmentalists and food people,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.55,0:06:59.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe we just need\Nto ditch the term "consumer"
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.96,0:07:02.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and get behind the people\Nwho are doing stuff.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.18,0:07:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Open source projects\Ntend to have a momentum of their own.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.38,0:07:09.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what we're seeing is that R&D-I-Y
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.44,0:07:13.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has moved beyond\Njust window farms and LEDs
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.24,0:07:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into solar panels and aquaponic systems.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.43,0:07:21.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're building upon innovations\Nof generations who went before us.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.38,0:07:23.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're looking ahead at generations
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.21,0:07:26.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who really need us\Nto retool our lives now.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.62,0:07:28.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we ask that you join us
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.40,0:07:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in rediscovering the value\Nof citizens united,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.75,0:07:36.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to declare\Nthat we are all still pioneers.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.67,0:07:39.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)