WEBVTT
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EasterHegg 18 preroll music
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Benjamin: Yeah, my name is Benjamin Wand
and I wanted to talk about organ building.
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Why do I do that? First of all I like
musical instruments in general, and
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then I noticed that it is
actually a cool nerd topic
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because it connects two things that,
or it has two things that
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always are present with nerd-things,
first of all making things available,
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that is, musical instrument making still
gets passed on from master
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to disciple and it is not so
greatly publicly documented and is
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just cool to reverse-engineer things.
And the other thing is that with
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nerd-things one always likes to
absurdly optimize, and that is in any case
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given as well for musical instrument
making, they are very, they work
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very precisely and have very exact ideas
about what they do
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so to speak musical instrument making
is all in all a perfect
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nerd-topic. Yes, everyone has seen
an organ, they look like that, and what
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you see here only the facade,
there are many more
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organ pipes inside, one takes
just a bunch that one finds pretty and
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attaches them in the front, such an
interior designer person does that. And
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behind that, that thing is called positive
when there are organ pipes in the middle
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of the gallery, behind that is the
console, that is so to speak the
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user interface. But I thought I'd first
say some general things, well
NOTE Paragraph
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laughter
somewhere data has to get in, one
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pushes buttons and stuff and then
somewhere comes air. A big church organ
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runs at something like 0.1 bar but it is a
lot of volume, that is why there are those
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bellows. Organ builders indeed still put
stones on their bellows for the weight
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nowadays. Somehow data has to get from
A to B, therefore many organ builders have
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thought out many things, mostly they have
to do with mechanical transmission
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or with pneumatic transmission and of
course nowadays also electronic.
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And then we have organized air, that is
what actually happens with
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wind instruments, it goes to the pipes
and tones come out. Like I said, there are
NOTE Paragraph
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very many kinds of organ pipes,
they all sound a bit differently.
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Those are common models
that someone has kindly
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drawn for the Wikipedia, and then it is
like that that of every kind of pipe
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which is present there is one keyboard
full of pipes available,
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very small to very big, and they are called
something with foot and that is the
NOTE Paragraph
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length of the lowest tone, when for instance
a row of organ pipes is called '8 foot'
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that means that the longest pipe is
eight foot long, 2.40 meters
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This one could call the cockpit of a
romantic organ. Organs were, ...
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there is a big period in the
Baroque Music and a big period in the
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Romantic Music. There are the keyboards,
at organs they are called
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manual and then down there there is a
foot-keyboard, called pedal, then it has
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stuff to set dynamics here, down there
are things to operate by foot,
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a lever can be operated like that
there are also some to roll
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there are here on the side, and there are
displays for the status
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And then there are all those
toggle switches, they are the
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stop tabs, they make whether
a row of organ pipes is on
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one can imagine it like that, given
you have these kinds of pipes, they
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stick to a keyboard, there is always
a set of organ pipes per keyboard
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this is only one octave but virtually
in every box would be a pipe
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of every kind one, of every size one,
four and a half octaves for
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one keyboard and two and a half for the
pedal. And they stand in a
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toe board, it is not necessarily
rectangular but they mill-cut around the
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corner if that fits better
and when one chooses pipes
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now those both rows, so to say
they are on, and then pushes
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one tone, the yellow sketched in pipes
receive air and it toots.
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Yes? That is how it works. Ok, and what
now? Like I said I like musical instruments
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and last summer I had an internship at an
organ maker and
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unfortunately I found it terrible, but for
me the result was that I wanted to try to
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build an organ with real dynamics like
on a piano. Now I'm
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one too far but that doesn't matter.
Like that, that is a recording that I
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... electronically ... doesn't sound well,
but just that you see
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what I mean by dynamics, because there
aren't always only musicians.
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It still has to work.
electic piano
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That is so to say 'piano',
if you push hard
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loud and soft tones come.
electric piano
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If you do that with an organ it doesn't
work, no matter how hard you push, ok?
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Hammond organ
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Not hard to see.
Hammond organ
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That is an old thing, trying to teach
dynamics to keyboard instruments,
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the piano emerged that way, regarding
the harpsichord people complained
NOTE Paragraph
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that it sounds like 8-bit music and people
wanted more resolution.
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laughter
Exactly. And for the organ it still
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doesn't really work. There are several
reasons for that. First of all,
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keyboard instrument in general have
a focus on music theory. If you
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imagine a band, the dude at the keyboard
is the nerd. Not always but that's a thing.
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And that a tone on a keyboard instrument,
that it is one state,
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a digital state, buys polyphony.
One can play many tones at once
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and do complex things on the piano
and that is possible
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because one tone is always one thing,
otherwise it would be crazy. There are
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those seaboards where you can slide the
finger, but I haven't seen
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decent music for it, at least no
polyphonic one. That is the classic
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that keyboard instruments are connected
with music theory and polyphony
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Then this is the case with organs:
they are expensive and very
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conservative people pay for it,
churches and alike, they don't like
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experiments. And if an inventor
builds something, he builds a prototype
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with three tones, and then a musician makes
sung: doo doo doo doo doo doo
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'What is this?
I can not do anything with it'
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And then, there are two types of organ
pipes that were on the picture,
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labial pipes and lingual pipes, and those
are labial pipes. They look like
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a recorder and work like it,
and are limited in their ability to
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perform dynamics because
the pitch changes, like that
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labial pipe Do you hear that?
It goes a bit higher and lower
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and that makes many things in music
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complicated. Not impossible but it is
a disadvantage
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Like shown in the picture of the cockpit,
there were attempts to get
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dynamics on the organ. The first one was
the swell box, there is a set
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of organ pipes in a box
and it has doors in he front that
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can be closed and opened and
depending how open they are
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the louder or softer it is. And then,
in the Romantic Organ one invented
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a thing called crescendo pedal,
there you can't only switch on
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and off organ stops with a toggle switch
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but thee are presets where you can
choose loudness and it works
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on its own, switches stops on and off
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depending how 'loud' you make it. But
then it still doesn't influence how
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much you push on each key, right? The
volume adjustment ist always for
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the entire keyboard.
And then in Romantic Music some organs
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had the feature that when
you depress a button only half way
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the pipe only gets half air.
Thats nice, and you saw with the pipe
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it is a bit complicated but possible.
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This technology had the problem that
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when you depressed a key
you always had to lift each valve
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that belonged to all the used pipes,
meaning that if you used
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many stops you had to push very hard
with your fingers, that's why
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it was hard for musicians.
And now one can
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replicate that with electronics,
one measures
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how deeply the key is depressed,
with a hall sensor, and then one moves
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the valve on the other side,
like the input was.
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There is this yummy talk, they explain it
thoroughly how this company Heuss does it,
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that is one of their employees,
they programmed it.
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The problem though is, and that is why
I don't consider it a solution:
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one can't play with half depressed keys.
Imagine writing code and some shortcuts
NOTE Paragraph
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are on half depressed keys.
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laughter
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Nice thing, I call it 'expressive play',
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it is still not dynamics but
expressive play.
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Not bad, actually quite cool,
but still not dynamics.
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What have I done until now?
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First of all I looked into this problem
that pipes have this property
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to change the pitch with the air pressure.
Or rather
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I didn't do it but 25 years ago someone
invented a new type or organ pipe.
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I have to go to FreeCAD.
This is a reed of a harmonica
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or any other free reed instrument,
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the thin sheet is fixed on the
thick sheet with a rivet, and if you
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blow on it from above a tone comes,
approximately like that.
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harmonica-tone
And the interesting thing he invented,
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his name was Ernst Zacharias,
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is that if you put such a thing
the wrong way around
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into a tube, it shouldn't work but it does.
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And that is a not so good pipe
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but I made one myself.
Like I said, it has the lovely property
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that you can change the volume a bit
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without changing the pitch.
Zacharias-pipe
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Though one can see in the spectrogram
that the partials change a bit.
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Zacharias-pipe
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When one blows more there are more
overtones, it isn't entirely
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free of side effects but that is
quite cool.
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Then, I 3d-printed many organ pipes
and brought some.
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Those, there is a list how to do it,
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how to do the proportions
if you have different sizes of organ pipes.
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I've made a standard set
with different diameters of tube.
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The reason for the tubes is: organ pipes
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are large, they don't fit into the 3d
printer, I didn't want to do wood working,
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led isn't that good in the kitchen.
laughter
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Organ metal is a great material
but not so accessible for private people.
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Those are pipes that should belong
together, that are made according to
NOTE Paragraph
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standard measurements.
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labial pipe
Maybe we should go back to
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the spectrogram, that is interesting
as well. And the meaning of the matter
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is supposed to be that the overtone-stuff
looks somewhat similar.
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labial pipe
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I'd say that is alright, for other pipes
it looks very differently,
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that is a flute.
labial pipe
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See it, right?
inaudible question from the audience
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Yes, maybe I should talk a bit about this.
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The lowest tone is the one you hear,
for example that one, and then it is the
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case that in a resonator not only the
basic frequency vibrates
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but also multiples of it, and depending
what shape the pipe has, like
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how big this hole is in relation to
the length and diameter
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these proportions influence the sound
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and that is how there are different kinds
of organ pipes.
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inaudible question from the audience
'How many partials do I want'
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was the question,
I should repeat the questions. That is ...
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I'd love to have such recordings from
normal organ pipes but I don't have them.
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inaudible question from the audience
Printing those things once
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in different sizes was the goal here,
to see whether if the
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proportions are similar, do they sound
similar enough to be called one organ stop.
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What one can see with them is that they
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sound funny in the beginning,
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always when I start to blow,
instantly really, I get the tone you saw.
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labial pipe
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But when I blow little you see
a funny effect.
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labial pipe Great (not).
But here in the beginning one could see it.
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labial pipe
Before it had a little swerve.
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That means, I wouldn't print a whole set
of them, as they are now, for
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an organ with dynamics,
that would be rubbish.
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I'll talk about the file now.
These FreeCAD files can be found on GitHub,
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and when one look at one,
one first has to go to the spreadsheet,
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put in values for the thickness of the
tube, outside and inside, how wide
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and high do I want that opening.
And the block chamfer, honestly
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I don't know what it is good for
but it exists in recorders,
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it is this edge here, one can switch it
on and off in the FreeCAD file.
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And this is such an organ pipe.
I've always slices them at a 45° angle,
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like that, with the goal to not have
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to remove support structure from inside,
one always tries to get the labium smooth,
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and also this tube where you blow through
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if you have support structure inside
it is not so nice to get out.
00:17:52.360 --> 00:18:01.350
So, I always printed them on 45°,
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and then I had the idea
to rotate the interesting part 45°
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and designed those.
I've tried printing but it didn't work.
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There is a 3d printer in the hackcenter
but it is clogged.
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I'm very curious how it'll sound, whether
this is useful.
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I've also made other experimental things
like traverse flutes
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and funny things where you can stick
a tube in on both sides.
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One can design the wildest things in 3d.
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inaudible question from the audience
I do't understand the question.
00:18:52.250 --> 00:18:56.510
Wait, there is a microphone for you.
Audience: The result is,
00:18:56.510 --> 00:19:00.780
if it sounds at all it should sound with
a wide spectrum, with a washed-out tone,
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right?
Benjamin: I'm curious.
00:19:05.770 --> 00:19:08.340
I've made fun things,
for instance files with
00:19:08.340 --> 00:19:14.780
a curved labium. I'm interested in this
because it limits the effect
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that the pitch changes, it is less in those.
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labial pipe
It is there but very small, much less
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then with those. I don't know why.
And curved labium is also new, I haven't
00:19:30.909 --> 00:19:33.740
seen musical instruments with that feature,
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because if you build from wood it would
be complicated but with 3d printing -
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no problem. laughter
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I'm curious how it sounds,
I have no idea, none at all.
00:19:49.130 --> 00:19:54.659
But if it would work that would be cool.
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inaudible question from the audience
Yes, when I'm home I can do this
00:19:58.470 --> 00:20:04.480
but if someone could print it now that
would be cool, sure, then we can try
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it here at EasterHegg.
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Another thing I've changed is the thing
is the thing at the bottom, for the case
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to stick a tube inside because I thought
a good next step would be
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a small instrument with pneumatic action
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and no or almost no electronics
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in order to test pipes on a keybord
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because so far I can only blow inside,
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would be cooler to play on a keyboard.
That is an image of a pipe I've played
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so that you can imagine it better.
00:20:51.740 --> 00:20:55.350
So far I've just fixed it with tape.
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That is another folder, also on GitHub,
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it has those inverted free reed pipes.
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A thing that I find particularly
interesting with those pipes is
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playing Shepherd tones. Like that,
imagine that the red tones are 'f's,
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one would play 'f's of all octaves at once,
00:21:16.110 --> 00:21:24.429
in the middle louder than outside.
That is a popular toy in film music,
00:21:24.429 --> 00:21:29.940
one can do fun psychoacoustic tricks
with it and this would be the first time
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to play Shepherd tones
on an acoustic instrument.
00:21:35.200 --> 00:21:42.900
It would be either possible to build
a stop of Shepherd tones,
00:21:42.900 --> 00:21:46.840
which would be plausible as well because
one needs eight octaves, which is
00:21:46.840 --> 00:21:54.360
more than a normal organ has, or one
does it with proportional air supply,
00:21:54.360 --> 00:22:00.080
that the pipes that play the Shepherd
tones can be used as normal tones.
00:22:00.080 --> 00:22:10.470
Thoughts about keyboard expression.
00:22:10.470 --> 00:22:13.500
I had mentioned before that there are those
Romantic organs that measure what
00:22:13.500 --> 00:22:18.169
gets replicated as electronic, how deeply
the key is depressed. That isn't the
00:22:18.169 --> 00:22:22.900
only possibility how to do that.
If one builds an electric piano,
00:22:22.900 --> 00:22:26.890
the speed, in which the keys get
00:22:26.890 --> 00:22:32.690
depressed, gets measured, that is
00:22:32.690 --> 00:22:36.830
another input, and a third way is the
pressure on the key, that is when one buys
00:22:36.830 --> 00:22:40.990
a keyboard with polyphonic aftertouch,
it measured the pressure
00:22:40.990 --> 00:22:46.090
on the depressed keys. And in the long
run I'd prefer that, becauee
00:22:46.090 --> 00:22:51.940
then one can change the volume of an
already pressed key, other than when
00:22:51.940 --> 00:22:57.331
measuring the speed. On the other hand
00:22:57.331 --> 00:23:02.590
you don't have the problem of not being
able to play with half depressed keys.
00:23:02.590 --> 00:23:06.950
How ever, it will be a new instrument and
I'm assuming that it'll take a pianist
00:23:06.950 --> 00:23:09.950
two or three months to get used to it, to
00:23:09.950 --> 00:23:16.240
this new way, that the pressure gets
measured. Most pianists can't play
00:23:16.240 --> 00:23:19.650
on the clavichord. At the clavichord the
pressure gets measured and
00:23:19.650 --> 00:23:22.970
influences the pitch. Usually it sounds
terrible at first but
00:23:22.970 --> 00:23:26.029
some pianists can already do it,
one can learn it.
00:23:26.029 --> 00:23:32.220
How ever. There is one thing I need
and not having it keeps me from
00:23:32.220 --> 00:23:38.330
progressing with the project, and I'm
hoping for a miracle in the form of
00:23:38.330 --> 00:23:44.720
a person, and the problem is the actuator.
An organ with electric direct action
00:23:44.720 --> 00:23:47.891
would use an actuator that looks like this
00:23:47.891 --> 00:23:52.179
there are two magnets and this thing here
00:23:52.179 --> 00:23:58.500
can be moved up and down, proportionally
how deeply the key is depressed.
00:23:58.500 --> 00:24:04.429
The problem is that this is fairly
expensive and I'd like to have one for
00:24:04.429 --> 00:24:10.380
each pipe, I'd like to get rid of the
matrix, also for example
00:24:10.380 --> 00:24:13.890
for performing Shepherd tones.
00:24:13.890 --> 00:24:23.029
If each pipe gets their own actuator,
that is a point where I can't continue
00:24:23.029 --> 00:24:26.370
at the moment, why I would build
00:24:26.370 --> 00:24:30.270
a small thing with pneumatic action
because that is easier.
00:24:30.270 --> 00:24:35.340
If someone had an idea about
fluid dynamics, that would be cool
00:24:35.340 --> 00:24:37.960
to figure out why the pipes with
00:24:37.960 --> 00:24:42.520
the curved labium change the pitch
less than the others.
00:24:42.520 --> 00:24:48.320
That would be cool.
And i've told the thing with the
00:24:48.320 --> 00:24:54.550
actuator to many people, and then they
reply 'use a servo'. But that won't work
00:24:54.550 --> 00:25:01.850
because they are either too slow
or too noisy. You've probably seen
00:25:01.850 --> 00:25:05.320
on YouTube someone play the
Super Mario theme on
00:25:05.320 --> 00:25:09.549
stepper motors. They are really noisy!
Or they are expensive.
00:25:09.549 --> 00:25:13.980
Less noisy servos exist but somewhere
in this triangle it is not getting better.
00:25:13.980 --> 00:25:18.470
Pneumatics, same problem, also
expensive.
00:25:18.470 --> 00:25:28.830
inaudible question from the audience
Question: what does the actuator do?
00:25:28.830 --> 00:25:34.169
The actuator does that a thing can move
between two points, and also in-between.
00:25:34.169 --> 00:25:39.030
And I'd say that the illusion of it being
00:25:39.030 --> 00:25:41.350
continuous would be at at least 20 steps.
00:25:41.350 --> 00:25:48.080
inaudible question from the audience
Exactly, I need a proportional valve.
00:25:48.080 --> 00:25:57.669
Like I said, at the moment I'm planning
00:25:57.669 --> 00:26:01.830
to build a small instrument with pneumatic
action in order to continue working
00:26:01.830 --> 00:26:06.919
on my pipes. The whole stuff in on GitHub
if you're curious, and I'm looking
00:26:06.919 --> 00:26:13.559
to hear from other builders of
musical instruments.
00:26:13.559 --> 00:26:16.960
Are there more questions? There is a
microphone, than the questions will
00:26:16.960 --> 00:26:24.549
be on the stream, that would be cool.
There is one.
00:26:24.549 --> 00:26:39.169
Audience: Hi, I'm Max and I play organ.
Hello Martin. And I work at a university
00:26:39.169 --> 00:26:42.580
that has measurement technology,
and we do a course,
00:26:42.580 --> 00:26:46.039
so far I'm officially responsible,
for the Cultural Studies, what
00:26:46.039 --> 00:26:51.110
was it called? Digital Sound-synthesis.
There we have some measuring devices and
00:26:51.110 --> 00:26:53.340
the university does have an organ.
You've said
00:26:53.340 --> 00:26:58.410
you'd like to do acoustic measurements
of some stops,
00:26:58.410 --> 00:27:00.710
Possibly you can be helped.
00:27:00.710 --> 00:27:05.160
Benjamin: Oh yes, that sounds great, we
should do it. The files
00:27:05.160 --> 00:27:09.159
are called '0 - something', and
that is very undetermined,
00:27:09.159 --> 00:27:13.260
I thought I'd go '1' once I've figured out
how I want to do it with the toe board.
00:27:13.260 --> 00:27:24.169
So to speak what is there on the right,
00:27:24.169 --> 00:27:27.440
organ pipes have certain diameters
that have to fit, one can exchange
00:27:27.440 --> 00:27:30.970
the pipes, and I haven#t figured out
how I'd do it because I always used to
00:27:30.970 --> 00:27:34.950
blow in with the mouth and I thought
I'll call it '1-something' after deciding
00:27:34.950 --> 00:27:38.730
how the lower side should look like,
00:27:38.730 --> 00:27:46.330
the interface to the outside. Yes,
I'd have to do that in order to
00:27:46.330 --> 00:27:51.000
put the 3d printed pipes into a toe board,
right? You don't know either.
00:27:51.000 --> 00:27:53.910
inaudible question from the audience
00:27:53.910 --> 00:28:00.049
That would be cool, because it is badly
documented until now, I rarely
00:28:00.049 --> 00:28:06.159
find spectrograms like this.
00:28:06.159 --> 00:28:13.130
inaudible question from the audience
Yes, we'll talk afterwards, looking forwards.
00:28:13.130 --> 00:28:19.950
There, another question.
Audience: In Stuttgart at ...
00:28:19.950 --> 00:28:23.019
Benjamin: ... Fraunhofer ...
Audience: ... am Fraunhofer Institut,
00:28:23.019 --> 00:28:26.429
okay, you know them.
Benjamin: I've tried to contact them
00:28:26.429 --> 00:28:28.490
but nothing happened.
00:28:28.490 --> 00:28:31.211
Audience: Ok, that is unfortunate because
coincidentally
00:28:31.211 --> 00:28:37.520
I know that they have a tool for
parametric design of organ pipes, where
00:28:37.520 --> 00:28:41.789
one can choose partials and they also do
00:28:41.789 --> 00:28:47.010
fluid dynamics and stuff.
00:28:47.010 --> 00:28:51.529
But I don't know either how happily
they give it to people but they
00:28:51.529 --> 00:28:55.120
certainly have cool things.
Benjamin: Ja, that was what I found as
00:28:55.120 --> 00:29:00.540
well, but like I said, they didn't want
to talk to me. Good, there is
00:29:00.540 --> 00:29:05.899
another question next to you.
Audience: I can make contact,
00:29:05.899 --> 00:29:10.820
my cousin is professional organ builder,
00:29:10.820 --> 00:29:16.059
who usually does restoration and new
construction of classical pipe organs,
00:29:16.059 --> 00:29:19.200
but I could imagine to make contact and
one could visit his workshop
00:29:19.200 --> 00:29:22.230
that should be easy.
00:29:22.230 --> 00:29:24.930
Benjamin: Where is it?
00:29:24.930 --> 00:29:27.930
Audience: Siegen.
Benjamin: Mh, like I said, I did an
00:29:27.930 --> 00:29:30.240
internship at an organ workshop, that
wasn't delightful.
00:29:30.240 --> 00:29:32.920
Audience: That wasn't my cousin.
00:29:32.920 --> 00:29:34.920
Benjamin: Yeah ...
laughter
00:29:34.920 --> 00:29:38.880
Benjamin: But sure, I don't think that my
3d printed organ pipes are that supreme,
00:29:38.880 --> 00:29:45.100
right? Rather it is a toy for prototyping
00:29:45.100 --> 00:29:49.080
and trying things out, like
00:29:49.080 --> 00:29:53.470
curved labium, that would be a lot more
effort with wood, and metal would
00:29:53.470 --> 00:29:57.290
but someone would have to pay for it.
00:29:57.290 --> 00:30:06.679
I don't know what exactly metal pipes
cost but more than this.
00:30:06.679 --> 00:30:13.059
Audience: At a restauration sometimes
00:30:13.059 --> 00:30:17.590
some pipes are left over.
00:30:17.590 --> 00:30:22.700
Benjamin: Yes, cool, thanks.
00:30:22.700 --> 00:30:33.360
Are there more questions? You can also
try all of them, for instance this
00:30:33.360 --> 00:30:38.460
where one sticks it in the middle, oh,
ask your question.
00:30:38.460 --> 00:30:40.549
Audience: What do you want to determine
00:30:40.549 --> 00:30:45.391
with your proportional valve,
the pressure or the volume of air?
00:30:45.391 --> 00:30:54.779
Benjamin: The volume. The pressure is even
per stop, different stops can have
00:30:54.779 --> 00:30:58.670
different pressure but the pressure
00:30:58.670 --> 00:31:06.549
is even within one stop, and then the
00:31:06.549 --> 00:31:15.200
actuator moves right-left back and forth,
00:31:15.200 --> 00:31:20.559
to move the valve.
00:31:20.559 --> 00:31:26.870
inaudible question from the audience
00:31:26.870 --> 00:31:32.179
That is really a bit odd.
00:31:32.179 --> 00:31:36.389
This looks like a recorder, right?
00:31:36.389 --> 00:31:40.670
And in a recorder, German: Blockflöte,
there is the block inside. But here
00:31:40.670 --> 00:31:50.909
nothing alike is inside. I found it funny
that that works and thought apparently
00:31:50.909 --> 00:31:55.419
the labium doesn't need to be at the
end of the pipe, it isn't
00:31:55.419 --> 00:31:59.700
necessary, and then I made one ...
or several ... where one can plug in a
00:31:59.700 --> 00:32:02.620
tube on both ends. But I can't make sense
00:32:02.620 --> 00:32:11.799
of the pitch that comes out.
labial pipe, several pitches
00:32:11.799 --> 00:32:23.809
laughter Interesting, but
I don't have an explanation.
00:32:23.809 --> 00:32:38.230
What? Ok.
labial pipe, several pitches
00:32:38.230 --> 00:32:48.250
inaudible question from the audience
Yes, that is plausible but why so high,
00:32:48.250 --> 00:32:59.909
the length if the pipe doesn't
match the pitch.
00:32:59.909 --> 00:33:06.649
Yeah.
inaudible question from the audience
00:33:06.649 --> 00:33:19.350
What do I do when I cover what?
Oh yes, let's try.
00:33:19.350 --> 00:33:28.159
labial pipe, changing pitch
laughter
00:33:28.159 --> 00:33:33.169
music
There are several ways to tune
00:33:33.169 --> 00:33:37.070
organ pipes, this is one of them. There is
a piece of sheet metal attached on top
00:33:37.070 --> 00:33:45.419
and you can bend it onto and away from the
pipe. I've also tried 3d printing items
00:33:45.419 --> 00:33:51.039
for tuning organ pipes but that was
all rubbish, the only thing that worked
00:33:51.039 --> 00:33:55.260
was t stick another tube onto it, or a lid
00:33:55.260 --> 00:33:59.350
in case of a stopped pipe, and to
move it up and down, things with
00:33:59.350 --> 00:34:04.399
folding din't work in 3d printing.
00:34:04.399 --> 00:34:12.159
Weird. There, a question in the back.
inaudible question from the audience
00:34:12.159 --> 00:34:16.530
Audience: Oh, once again with mike.
If you do the finger on it, you're
00:34:16.530 --> 00:34:19.210
making a half stopped pipe, which means
the tube gets longer.
00:34:19.210 --> 00:34:21.210
Benjamin: Yes.
Audience: It makes sense that
00:34:21.210 --> 00:34:26.860
is gets lower.
Benjamin: What exactly make sense, that?
00:34:26.860 --> 00:34:30.199
No. That?
labial pipe, different pitch
00:34:30.199 --> 00:34:40.770
But why is it a fifth? For a stopped pipe
it should be an octave.
00:34:40.770 --> 00:34:42.780
laughter
00:34:42.780 --> 00:34:45.550
Audience: They have different length.
00:34:45.550 --> 00:34:53.219
Benjamin: Yes, should we, do I have two
of identical length? Yes, If I take this
00:34:53.219 --> 00:35:06.860
and add that. So, same length now, ok?
00:35:06.860 --> 00:35:16.580
labial pipe, different pitch
It wants to overblow, that doesn't fit.
00:35:16.580 --> 00:35:23.730
I don't gat the basic frequency.
labial pipe, different pitch
00:35:23.730 --> 00:35:31.580
That tends to happen when a tube is
too thin relative to the length. If one
00:35:31.580 --> 00:35:37.100
wants to have a sound with lots of
partials, one makes a thinner pipe but
00:35:37.100 --> 00:35:44.120
when one overdoes it one doesn't get
the basic frequency anymore.
00:35:44.120 --> 00:35:54.420
inaudible question from the audience
Yes, brass instruments.
00:35:54.420 --> 00:36:00.590
laughter
inaudible question from the audience
00:36:00.590 --> 00:36:06.770
Exactly.
inaudible question from the audience
00:36:06.770 --> 00:36:16.800
laughter
Ok, then not, don't know. There is a limit
00:36:16.800 --> 00:36:21.300
to how much I can recommend blowing
into them because I was very sick last week.
00:36:21.300 --> 00:36:26.310
laughter
But apart from that you are invited to
00:36:26.310 --> 00:36:30.110
try them all. They all look a bit
differently. I've also made
00:36:30.110 --> 00:36:35.050
traverse flutes.
00:36:35.050 --> 00:36:41.640
traverse flute
I just wanted to try it.
00:36:41.640 --> 00:36:47.650
Makes a tone.
Cool, thanks.
00:36:47.650 --> 00:36:54.750
applause
00:36:55.929 --> 00:37:00.067
postroll music
00:37:00.067 --> 00:37:07.000
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