[Script Info] Title: [Events] Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.45,0:00:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am an ideas activist. Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.08,0:00:10.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That means I fight\Nfor ideas I believe in Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.41,0:00:13.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have their place in the sun, Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.77,0:00:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regardless of which side\Nof the equator they were born. Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.95,0:00:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As well I should. Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.37,0:00:22.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I myself am from that part of the world Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.83,0:00:26.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often euphemistically referred to\Nas either "the Global South" Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.90,0:00:28.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or "the developing world." Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.88,0:00:30.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But let's be blunt about it: Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.29,0:00:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when we say those words,\Nwhat we really mean is the poor world -- Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.06,0:00:37.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,those corners of the world\Nwith ready-made containers Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.01,0:00:42.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the hand-me-down ideas\Nof other places and other people. Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.03,0:00:48.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I'm here to depart\Na little bit from the script Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.91,0:00:51.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and to try and convince you Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.18,0:00:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that these places are actually\Nalive and bubbling with ideas. Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.40,0:00:57.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My real issue is: Where do I even start? Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.64,0:01:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So maybe Egypt, Alexandria, Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.15,0:01:04.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we meet Rizwan. Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.08,0:01:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he walks outside his souk, Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.83,0:01:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,walks into a pharmacy for heart medicine Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.01,0:01:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can prevent the blood\Nin his arteries from clotting, Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.22,0:01:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he confronts the fact that, Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.51,0:01:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,despite a growing epidemic Dialogue: 0,0:01:20.05,0:01:25.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that currently accounts for 82 percent\Nof all deaths in Egypt, Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.81,0:01:29.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is the medicines that\Ncan address these conditions Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.26,0:01:32.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that counterfeiters,\Never the evil geniuses they are, Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.56,0:01:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have decided to target. Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.41,0:01:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Counterfeiters making knockoff medicines. Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.07,0:01:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Luckily for Rizwan, Dialogue: 0,0:01:42.16,0:01:43.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my team and I, Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.72,0:01:48.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working in partnership with the largest\Npharmaceutical company in Africa, Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.88,0:01:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have placed unique codes --\Nthink of them like one-time passwords -- Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.94,0:01:59.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on each pack of the best-selling\Nheart medicine in Egypt. Dialogue: 0,0:02:00.42,0:02:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when Rizwan buys heart medicine, Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.58,0:02:07.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he can key in these one-time passwords Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.87,0:02:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a toll-free short code Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.76,0:02:14.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we've set up on all\Nthe telecom companies in Egypt Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.74,0:02:16.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for free. Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.26,0:02:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,He gets a message --\Ncall it the message of life -- Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.91,0:02:22.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which reassures him Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.08,0:02:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that this medicine is not one of the 12\Npercent of all medicines in Egypt Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.60,0:02:29.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are counterfeits. Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.34,0:02:33.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the gorgeous banks of the Nile, Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.92,0:02:38.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we glide into the beautiful\NRift Valley of Kenya. Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.93,0:02:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In Narok Town, we meet Ole Lenku,\Nsalt-of-the-earth fellow. Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.91,0:02:44.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,When he walks into an agrodealer's shop, Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.85,0:02:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all he wants is certified\Nand proper cabbage seeds Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.55,0:02:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, if he were to plant them, Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.27,0:02:52.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will yield a harvest rich enough Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.69,0:02:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that he can pay for\Nthe school fees of his children. Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.47,0:02:56.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's all he wants. Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.25,0:02:58.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unfortunately, Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.74,0:03:01.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by the reckoning of most\Ninternational organizations, Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.66,0:03:06.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,40 percent of all the seeds\Nsold in Eastern and Southern Africa Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.70,0:03:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are of questionable quality, Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.20,0:03:09.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sometimes outrightly fake. Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.84,0:03:12.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Luckily for Ole, Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.35,0:03:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,once again, our team has been at work, Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.71,0:03:20.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and, working with the leading\Nagriculture regulator in Kenya, Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.16,0:03:23.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've digitized the entire\Ncertification process Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.59,0:03:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for seeds in that country, Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.10,0:03:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every seed -- millet, sorghum, maize -- Dialogue: 0,0:03:29.11,0:03:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such that when Ole Lenku\Nkeys in a code on a packet of millet, Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.72,0:03:40.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,he's able to retrieve\Na digital certificate Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.62,0:03:44.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that assures him that the seed\Nis properly certified. Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.18,0:03:48.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From Kenya, we head to Noida in India, Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.47,0:03:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the irrepressible Ambika Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.66,0:03:55.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is holding on very fast to her dream\Nof becoming an elite athlete, Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.75,0:03:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,safe in the knowledge that Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.68,0:04:00.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of our ingredients\Nrating technology, Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.24,0:04:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she's not going to ingest\Nsomething accidentally, Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.95,0:04:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which will mess up her doping tests Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.59,0:04:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and kick her out of the sports she loves. Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.08,0:04:14.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Finally, we alight in Ghana, Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.36,0:04:16.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my own home country, Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.15,0:04:18.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where another problem needs addressing -- Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.98,0:04:22.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the problem of under-vaccination\Nor poor-quality vaccination. Dialogue: 0,0:04:22.15,0:04:27.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You see, when you put some vaccines\Ninto the bloodstream of an infant, Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.65,0:04:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are giving them a lifetime insurance Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.54,0:04:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against dangerous diseases\Nthat can cripple them or kill them. Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.55,0:04:36.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes, this is for a lifetime. Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.48,0:04:41.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem is that vaccines\Nare delicate organisms really, Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.59,0:04:44.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they need to be stored\Nbetween two degrees and eight degrees. Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.45,0:04:48.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if you don't do that,\Nthey lose their potency, Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.60,0:04:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they no longer confer the immunity Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.13,0:04:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the child deserves. Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.70,0:04:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Working with computer vision scientists, Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.46,0:05:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've converted simple markers\Non the vials of vaccines Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.09,0:05:03.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,into what you might regard\Nas crude thermometers. Dialogue: 0,0:05:04.19,0:05:07.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So then, these patterns change slowly\Nover time in response to temperature Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.79,0:05:11.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until they leave a distinct pattern\Non the surface of the vaccine, Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.50,0:05:14.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,such that a nurse,\Nwith a scan of the phone, Dialogue: 0,0:05:14.95,0:05:19.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can detect if the vaccine was stored\Nproperly in the right temperature Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.14,0:05:21.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and therefore is still good for use Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.15,0:05:23.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,before administering this to the child -- Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.51,0:05:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literally securing the next generation. Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.21,0:05:33.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are some of the solutions at work\Nsaving lives, redeeming societies, Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.11,0:05:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in these parts of the world. Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.83,0:05:36.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I would remind you Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.49,0:05:39.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that there are powerful ideas behind them, Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.09,0:05:40.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I'll recap a few. Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.78,0:05:45.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One, that social trust\Nis not the same as interpersonal trust. Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.13,0:05:49.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two, that the division between\Nconsumption and regulation Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.34,0:05:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in an increasingly interdependent world Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.60,0:05:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is no longer viable. Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.54,0:05:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And three, that decentralized autonomy, Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.10,0:05:59.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,regardless of what our blockchain\Nenthusiasts in the West -- Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.05,0:06:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whom I respect a lot -- say, Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.42,0:06:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not as important as reinforcing\Nsocial accountability feedback loops. Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.58,0:06:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are some of the ideas. Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.21,0:06:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, every time I go somewhere\Nand I give this speech Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.72,0:06:14.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I make these comments\Nand I provide these examples, Dialogue: 0,0:06:14.87,0:06:17.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people say, "If these ideas\Nare so damn brilliant, Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.26,0:06:18.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,why aren't they everywhere? Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.61,0:06:19.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've never heard of them." Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.97,0:06:21.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I want to assure you, Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.22,0:06:24.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the reason why you have not\Nheard of these ideas Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.57,0:06:27.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is exactly the point I made\Nin the beginning. Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.14,0:06:31.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is that there are\Nparts of the world Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.54,0:06:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose good ideas simply don't scale Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.36,0:06:36.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of the latitude\Non which they were born. Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.65,0:06:39.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I call that "mental latitude imperialism." Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.28,0:06:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.65,0:06:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That really is the reason. Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.46,0:06:46.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But you may counter and say, "Well,\Nmaybe it's an important problem, Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.71,0:06:49.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's sort of an obscure problem\Nin parts of the world. Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.48,0:06:51.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why do you want\Nto globalize such problems? Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.56,0:06:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, they are better local." Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.09,0:06:54.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if, in response, I told you Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.98,0:06:59.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that actually, underlying each\Nof these problems that I've described Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.94,0:07:02.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a fundamental issue\Nof the breakdown of trust Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.42,0:07:04.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in markets and institutions, Dialogue: 0,0:07:04.11,0:07:07.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that there's nothing more global,\Nmore universal, closer to you and I Dialogue: 0,0:07:07.60,0:07:08.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the problem of trust. Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.50,0:07:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For example, a quarter of all the seafood\Nmarketed in the US is falsely labeled. Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.96,0:07:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when you buy a tuna\Nor salmon sandwich in Manhattan, Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.60,0:07:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you are eating something that could be\Nbanned for being toxic in Japan. Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.58,0:07:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Literally. Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.96,0:07:28.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of you have heard of a time\Nwhen horsemeat was masquerading as beef Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.68,0:07:30.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in burger patties in Europe? Dialogue: 0,0:07:30.27,0:07:31.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You have. Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.46,0:07:37.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What you don't know is that a good chunk\Nof these fake meat patties Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.20,0:07:41.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were also contaminated with cadmium,\Nwhich can damage your kidneys. Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.14,0:07:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was Europe. Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.03,0:07:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Many of you are aware of plane crashes\Nand you worry about plane crashes, Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.58,0:07:50.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because every now and then, one of them\Nintrudes into your consciousness. Dialogue: 0,0:07:50.26,0:07:52.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I bet you don't know Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.24,0:07:56.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that a single investigation uncovered\None million counterfeit incidents Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.58,0:07:59.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the aeronautical\Nsupply chain in the US. Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.28,0:08:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So this is a global problem, full stop. Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.93,0:08:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a global problem. Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.11,0:08:07.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The only reason we are not addressing it\Nwith the urgency it deserves Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.39,0:08:08.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that the best solutions, Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.72,0:08:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the most advanced solutions,\Nthe most progressive solutions, Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.59,0:08:14.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are, unfortunately, in parts of the world\Nwhere solutions don't scale. Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.97,0:08:16.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is why it is not surprising Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.74,0:08:20.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that attempts to create this same\Nverification models for pharmaceuticals Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.22,0:08:23.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are now a decade behind\Nin the USA and Europe, Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.60,0:08:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while it's already available in Nigeria. Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.57,0:08:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A decade, and costing\Na hundred times more. Dialogue: 0,0:08:27.70,0:08:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is why, when you walk\Ninto a Walgreens in New York, Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.56,0:08:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you cannot check the source\Nof your medicine, Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.68,0:08:34.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but you can in Maiduguri\Nin Northern Nigeria. Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.87,0:08:36.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the reality. Dialogue: 0,0:08:36.05,0:08:37.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.16,0:08:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That is the reality. Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.36,0:08:40.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause) Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.51,0:08:42.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we go back to the issue of ideas. Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.22,0:08:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Remember, solutions are merely\Npackaged ideas, Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.73,0:08:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it is the ideas\Nthat are most important. Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.87,0:08:51.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a world where we marginalize the\Nideas of the Global South, Dialogue: 0,0:08:52.00,0:08:56.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we cannot create globally inclusive\Nproblem-solving models. Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.68,0:08:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, you might say, "Well, that's bad, Dialogue: 0,0:08:59.69,0:09:03.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but in such a world\Nwhere we have so many other problems, Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.00,0:09:05.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,do we need another cause?" Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.56,0:09:07.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say yes, we need another cause. Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.21,0:09:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Actually, that cause will surprise you:\Nthe cause of intellectual justice. Dialogue: 0,0:09:10.73,0:09:14.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You say, "What? Intellectual justice?\NIn a world of human rights abuses?" Dialogue: 0,0:09:14.23,0:09:15.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I explain this way: Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.62,0:09:19.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the solutions to the other problems\Nthat affect us and confront us Dialogue: 0,0:09:19.97,0:09:21.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need solutions. Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.16,0:09:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you need the best ideas\Nto address them. Dialogue: 0,0:09:23.44,0:09:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that is why today I ask you, Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.46,0:09:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can we all give it one time\Nfor intellectual justice? Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.03,0:09:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)