[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.00,0:00:22.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}36C3 preroll music{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:00:22.72,0:00:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald: Our next talk is going to be\Ntranslated into German and possibly into
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.90,0:00:36.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,French. So there is a link you can all go\Nto. It's streaming.c3lingo.org. You can go
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.22,0:00:42.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there for translations and we're about to\Nstart the talk called "What the world can
Dialogue: 0,0:00:42.15,0:00:48.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learn from Hong Kong" and it's going to\Ntake 90 minutes because apparently we can
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.57,0:00:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,learn a lot from Hong Kong. So buckle up.\NIt's going to be a long ride. And our
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.22,0:01:06.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,speaker Katharin Tai is a University of\NOxford alumni and a PhD candidate at
Dialogue: 0,0:01:06.21,0:01:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,M.I.T.. So let's welcome Katharin on\Nstage.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:09.21,0:01:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's give her a big round of applause.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:12.85,0:01:16.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:01:16.99,0:01:22.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All yours.\NKatharin Tai: Thank you. Hello, everyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.52,0:01:28.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thanks for coming. Thanks for having me to\NC3. For starters, I'd also like to thank
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.11,0:01:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the brave people who are planning to\Ntranslate what I'm about to say, despite
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.20,0:01:36.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,knowing how fast I usually speak. So quick\Nround of applause for the translators over
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.75,0:01:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there in the boxes. \N{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.17,0:01:49.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So my name's Katharin. As the dear Harald,\NI actually don't know your name
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.46,0:01:54.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mentioned, I'm a PhD student at\NM.I.T. where I study Political Science. I
Dialogue: 0,0:01:54.96,0:01:59.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also work as a freelance journalist on the\Nside and in my capacity as a freelance
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.50,0:02:03.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,journalist I, amongst other things,\Ncovered the Hong Kong protests over the
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.39,0:02:09.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,past seven months which as you can\Npossibly imagine was quite eventful. I
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.14,0:02:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think one important caveat for this talk\Nis I am not originally from Hong Kong and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.24,0:02:17.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think the people who you should probably\Nlistening to and who I would love to put
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.78,0:02:22.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the stage in many cases are people who\Ngo to great lengths to protect their own
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.17,0:02:25.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anonymity and to protect their own\Nidentity. And so these are people who
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.55,0:02:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would not put themselves on the stage. So\Nwhat I'm going to try to do is I'm going
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.95,0:02:32.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell you to the best of my ability the\Nthings that I've learned from them and
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.83,0:02:37.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the people who go out on the streets\Nand protest in Hong Kong but in general,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.88,0:02:42.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my talk will be interspersed with\Nreferences to journalists and some
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.86,0:02:47.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,activists in Hong Kong who I recommend you\Nfollow them because ultimately they are
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.17,0:02:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ones who know best. But what do I want\Nto do? For starters, because this is 90
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.30,0:02:57.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,minutes, so I want to give you a quick\Nheads up. I'm going to give a quick
Dialogue: 0,0:02:57.85,0:03:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overview of why and how things are\Nhappening, so historically and politically
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.45,0:03:08.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we will also be showcasing some\Namazing protest art. And then I want to
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.38,0:03:12.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,talk about the incredible strategies that\Nprotesters have been using and that
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.02,0:03:18.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've been using for over half a year\Nnow and that's helped them to essentially
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.16,0:03:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,keep going for more than half a year in\Nthe face of what is truly an incredibly
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.46,0:03:26.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strong government. So also, we want to\Ntalk about technology because, of course,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.63,0:03:31.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's C3. So it's incredibly important that\Nwe recognize the very high tech things
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.52,0:03:36.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the protesters have been using to\Ndefend themselves against the police, such
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.35,0:03:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as catapults.\N{\i1}Short video starts playing{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.90,0:03:44.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Group shouting{\i0}\NK: This was recently at the Chinese
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.74,0:03:58.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,University of Hong Kong but there are more\Ncatapults. But seriously, like I said, I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:03:58.37,0:04:02.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to start with some historical\Npolitical background and then I'm going to
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.65,0:04:06.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,move on and explain the political demands\Nand the protest strategies that the
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.81,0:04:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protesters have been using and in the end,\NI'm going to give kind of like a bit like
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.28,0:04:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a quick preview of what we can maybe\Nexpect to happen in the next few years and
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.70,0:04:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what you can do to stay informed. So what\Nis happening and why? Can I have light on
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.01,0:04:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the audience for a second? I don't know\Nwho I talk to about this. Great. So I want
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.09,0:04:34.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to know, I want to get a quick sense of\Nhow much people know about Hong Kong's
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.53,0:04:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politics. So if you know why the years\N1997 and 2047 are meaningful for Hong Kong
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.88,0:04:46.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politics, please raise your hand. Wow.\NThank you. That's definitely more than I
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.79,0:04:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expected. I hope this won't bore you then.\NThanks for the lights, that's fine,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.48,0:04:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,although I actually like seeing the\Naudience, that's quite good. I'm still
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.51,0:04:59.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to give a quick overview. Some of\Nyou may know that Hong Kong was a British
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.24,0:05:06.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colony until 1997. So it was under British\Ncolonial rule for more than 100 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.83,0:05:11.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once the British lease of Hong Kong was\Nup, the British negotiated an agreement
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.34,0:05:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the Chinese government to return Hong\NKong to China. Ironically, this event was
Dialogue: 0,0:05:17.80,0:05:22.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,called the Handover, where Hong Kong was\Nliterally taken by a colonial power and
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.65,0:05:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,handed over to a different government.\NIronically also it is that it's called the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.40,0:05:32.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,return to China because the current\NChinese government was not even in power
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.00,0:05:37.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Hong Kong was last part of what you\Ncould consider China. But at this Handover
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.79,0:05:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,event or before this Handover event, the\NBritish and the Chinese signed an
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.53,0:05:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important document, which was the Sino-\NBritish Joint Declaration, which says
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.32,0:05:52.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that... which essentially says the rights\Nand freedoms, including those of the
Dialogue: 0,0:05:52.37,0:05:58.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,person, of speech, of the press, of\Nassembly, of academic research and of
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.73,0:06:02.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,religious belief will be ensured by law in\Nthe Hong Kong Special Administrative
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.62,0:06:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Region. Why are they writing something\Nlike this? Hong Kong was a colony but
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.26,0:06:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it was essentially used as a big\Nand important commercial center, it did
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.91,0:06:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have a lot of kind of like societal\Nfreedoms. So people were able to protest
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.15,0:06:20.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the extent that colonial law allowed\Nit. And there was, for example, freedom of
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.84,0:06:25.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the press and there were worries in the UK\Nand also in Hong Kong, a lot of Hong
Dialogue: 0,0:06:25.89,0:06:29.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kongers were extremely worried about this,\Nabout what might happen to these freedoms,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.73,0:06:35.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when they would essentially go become part\Nof China, which is not democratic. It's
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.24,0:06:39.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not a democracy. It wasn't a democracy in\Nthe 80s or the 90s either. This is
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.58,0:06:44.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something like... these anxieties were\Nobviously exacerbated by the fact that in
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.11,0:06:49.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,89, the Chinese government suppressed a\Nstudent protest in Tiananmen Square. Hong
Dialogue: 0,0:06:49.98,0:06:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kongers knew about this. And so they were\Nwatching from just across the border and
Dialogue: 0,0:06:53.38,0:06:56.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were looking at the students in\NTiananmen and Beijing. And they were
Dialogue: 0,0:06:56.45,0:07:01.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wondering, is this going to be us next?\NThis whole thing, this whole idea that
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.59,0:07:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hong Kong's freedom will be guaranteed is\Ncalled One Country, Two Systems. And so
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.70,0:07:09.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the idea is that Hong Kong gets to\Nmaintain its own government in some ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:09.32,0:07:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It gets to maintain its own legal system\Nand it gets to maintain all these
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.86,0:07:17.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political freedoms that in many ways are\Nnot guaranteed in mainland China. In
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.85,0:07:23.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,addition to that, Hong Kong does not have\Ndemocracy in the sense that most people
Dialogue: 0,0:07:23.76,0:07:29.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,understand it. But the Hong Kong basic law\Nsays that the ultimate aim is the
Dialogue: 0,0:07:29.00,0:07:33.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,selection of the chief executive, which is\Nthe head of government in Hong Kong, by
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.13,0:07:37.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,universal suffrage, upon nomination, by a\Nbroadly representative nominating
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.00,0:07:41.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,committee in accordance with democratic\Nprocedures. So basically this could be
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.47,0:07:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,read as there will also be democracy at\Nsome point, maybe. Depending on how we
Dialogue: 0,0:07:46.39,0:07:51.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,define all of these terms. So in 97, the\NChinese government decided that what Hong
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.82,0:07:58.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kong is going to get is essentially a\Ngovernment that is basically appointed by
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.64,0:08:02.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Beijing. There's... it's a bit more\Ncomplicated, but essentially the Hong Kong
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.91,0:08:07.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chief executive is appointed in Beijing\Nand people get to vote for their
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.27,0:08:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parliament, but the parliament doesn't\Nreally have... they can't come up
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.10,0:08:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with the laws and say we want to pass this\Nlaw so they can essentially veto bills
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.98,0:08:18.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that come from the government. But Hong\NKongers basically get to elect their
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.78,0:08:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opposition in free and fair elections. Or\Npart of their opposition. But they do not
Dialogue: 0,0:08:23.37,0:08:29.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get to elect their government. So that's\Nwhere we're starting in 97. So I think
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.50,0:08:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is important to understand because\Nwhile Hong Kong is part of China legally,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.64,0:08:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it has a special status that makes it very\Ndifferent politically. And that's
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.46,0:08:43.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that became very obvious in the\Nyears following the handover as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:43.21,0:08:48.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Antony Dapiran, a lawyer who works in\NHong Kong, has called the city a city of
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.73,0:08:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest. And you can see this, for\Nexample, because since the Handover there
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.52,0:08:57.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been a range of protests, all of them\Nhave been political and a lot of them have
Dialogue: 0,0:08:57.65,0:09:05.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been in some ways related to China. These\Nare just some examples. One was in 2003,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:05.50,0:09:11.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the protest against Article 23, which was\Nan anti-subversion law. So basically it
Dialogue: 0,0:09:11.99,0:09:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was an anti-... So it was basically seen\Nas a way for the government to get rid of
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.08,0:09:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who they disagreed with\Npolitically. People protested against it.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.89,0:09:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the reform was stalled. In 2012, a lot\Nof students protested against a curriculum
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.85,0:09:35.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reform that people essentially denounced\Nas brainwashing. They said it would be
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.07,0:09:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,painting democracy in a bad light and was\Npainting China as too positive. Again, the
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.73,0:09:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest succeeded. There were a range of\Nother protests as well in the 2000s that,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.35,0:09:50.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example, protested for maintaining\Nimportant buildings, what people called
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.86,0:09:55.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hong Kong heritage. A lot of those\Nunfortunately failed. So there's been ups
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.100,0:09:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and downs. But it's in no way the case\Nthat Hong Kong wasn't free. People were
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.66,0:10:03.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to go out on the streets, people went\Nout on the streets in thousands and people
Dialogue: 0,0:10:03.51,0:10:07.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had political rallies such as out of\Nuniversity, as you see in the picture in
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.35,0:10:15.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the background. And then 2014 happened.\NI'm sure people have seen this. This was
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.70,0:10:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Umbrella Revolution in 2014. I took\Nthis picture when I was actually at Occupy
Dialogue: 0,0:10:20.05,0:10:25.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Central and I studied for my own mid-term\Nexams at the Student Study Center. What
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.75,0:10:29.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had happened was that the promise of maybe\Ndemocracy that I was talking about
Dialogue: 0,0:10:29.43,0:10:34.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,earlier, people thought that Beijing had\Nbroken it because in that year, Beijing
Dialogue: 0,0:10:34.87,0:10:39.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,had essentially published it's plan for\Nelectoral reform and said that, yes, you
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.77,0:10:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get universal suffrage, so everyone gets\Nto vote, but we still pick the candidates.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.50,0:10:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So people felt cheated and didn't think\Nthat that was what they were owed. And
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.16,0:10:52.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people went into the streets and people\Noccupied a part of the center of the city
Dialogue: 0,0:10:52.100,0:10:59.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for two full months and two full weeks,\Nwhich was extremely impressive. This is
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.27,0:11:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically one of the major roads in the\Nmiddle of Hong Kong. It's usually full of
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.08,0:11:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cars. You couldn't possibly walk there,\Nbut people reclaimed it and made it into a
Dialogue: 0,0:11:06.48,0:11:10.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest village. People built their own\Ninstitutions. People organized tutoring
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.17,0:11:13.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,services. It was an incredible feeling.\NPeople, when there were there, were
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.77,0:11:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incredibly optimistic and were telling me\Nit will be fine. We just need to work
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.45,0:11:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together. And if I asked them, how are you\Ngoing to get democracy, though? They were
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.59,0:11:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like, I don't know how exactly it's going\Nto happen, but it will happen. But what
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.39,0:11:30.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually happened is that the protest camp\Nwas cleared out by police and by the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.96,0:11:35.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government and there were fights\Ninternally in the democracy movement over
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.06,0:11:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how to continue. And so there was a lot of\Ndisagreement. And what followed was
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.36,0:11:44.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essentially a long period of political\Ndepression, right? People had been able to
Dialogue: 0,0:11:44.32,0:11:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bring thousands of people onto the\Nstreets, but the government didn't even...
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.16,0:11:53.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,except for one conversation, sit down and\Nnegotiate with them. One person who I
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.38,0:11:59.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interviewed last year, so almost two years\Nago now, told me at the time that if the
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.100,0:12:04.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government doesn't even listen to us when\Nwe bring so many people out on the
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.03,0:12:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,streets, then I don't know what can change\Nanything politically. The one thing that
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.76,0:12:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,umbrella has taught me is that there are\Nno bounds to how disappointed I can be in
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.47,0:12:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,my government. In addition to this feeling\Nof depression, you had several other
Dialogue: 0,0:12:20.13,0:12:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incidents that made people feel like the\Npromise of One Country, Two Systems, that
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.12,0:12:28.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hong Kong would really be separate from\Nmainland China at least until 47 wasn't
Dialogue: 0,0:12:28.15,0:12:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being kept. One of these examples are the\Nbookseller abductions from 2015. The
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.50,0:12:38.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people, there were 3 booksellers who were\Nabducted, probably by the Chinese
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.05,0:12:43.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government, one in Thailand, one in\Nsouthern China and one in Hong Kong
Dialogue: 0,0:12:43.80,0:12:47.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,itself. So these are people who were\Nessentially selling books that were,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.33,0:12:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,honestly, a lot of it was probably rumors\Nand kind of gossip, but they were very
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.40,0:12:57.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,critical of the Chinese government and\Nthey suddenly turned up in China again. So
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.17,0:13:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imagine you're a Hong Konger and you've\Ngrown up in a city where you're being
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.39,0:13:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,told you have your own legal system and \Nyou have nothing to fear from
Dialogue: 0,0:13:03.67,0:13:07.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China. Because if you don't go, it's your\Nown government that is in charge for you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:07.51,0:13:11.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But then you hear about these people who\Nare grabbed off the street in your own
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.07,0:13:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hometown and who suddenly turn up in\NChina, possibly making a public
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.75,0:13:22.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,confession. So that looks bad. In 2016,\Nthis is also important, people had been...
Dialogue: 0,0:13:22.45,0:13:26.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the Fishbowl Revolution happened, which is\Nalso where this beautiful piece of art
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.31,0:13:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes from. The Fishbowl Revolution was\Nthe protest in part of Hong Kong called
Dialogue: 0,0:13:32.19,0:13:37.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mong Kok. And basically what happened was\Nthat people decided that violent means
Dialogue: 0,0:13:37.63,0:13:41.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,might be what is needed to actually oppose\Nthe government to get political change. In
Dialogue: 0,0:13:41.95,0:13:46.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2014, people had been peaceful and they\Nhad tried, but nobody listened. So if that
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.05,0:13:50.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't work, some people thought \Nwe need to try new methods. So there
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.27,0:13:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was something that could be called a\Nriot. And there were really... like
Dialogue: 0,0:13:55.41,0:13:59.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clashes between the... like between police\Nforces and protesters. People were tearing
Dialogue: 0,0:13:59.76,0:14:03.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up the pavement, throwing bricks at the\Npolice. Police was throwing some bricks
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.48,0:14:09.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back. So that happened. And then\Nfrom between 2016 and 18, another
Dialogue: 0,0:14:09.36,0:14:13.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing that was important happened, which\Nis that after Umbrella, there were fights
Dialogue: 0,0:14:13.45,0:14:17.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about what to do. And some people decided\Nwe will go and throw bricks at the police
Dialogue: 0,0:14:17.49,0:14:21.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during the Fishbowl Revolution. Some other\Npeople decided we want to work through the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:21.51,0:14:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,institutions and we want to get elected\Ninto the legislative council, into the
Dialogue: 0,0:14:26.24,0:14:30.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,parliament, and we want to change the\Nsystem from within. But what happened was
Dialogue: 0,0:14:30.81,0:14:35.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that 6 candidates, and then later even 6\Nelected parliamentarians were all
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.83,0:14:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disqualified for, in some cases not\Ncredibly promising that they essentially
Dialogue: 0,0:14:40.85,0:14:46.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will uphold the Hong Kong basic law.\NAgain, there are legal reasons for this.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:46.66,0:14:52.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some of these disqualifications were later\Noverturned by courts. Some, I think, are
Dialogue: 0,0:14:52.22,0:14:57.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still, still stand. But I think what's\Nreally important is that what a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:14:57.12,0:15:01.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people felt was, again, that this was kind\Nof like a broken promise. Right. They were
Dialogue: 0,0:15:01.12,0:15:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like even within the system that we have.\NSo we get to elect so few people. But even
Dialogue: 0,0:15:05.07,0:15:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within that system, you don't let us elect\Nthe people we want to. You disqualify
Dialogue: 0,0:15:08.72,0:15:11.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,candidates. This is something that had\Nnever happened before. And then you also
Dialogue: 0,0:15:11.94,0:15:15.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disqualify people after they've been\Nelected. So you have democratically
Dialogue: 0,0:15:15.12,0:15:19.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elected representatives of the people who\Nessentially protest it as part of an oath
Dialogue: 0,0:15:19.33,0:15:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,taking ceremony. And those people then\Nalso got kicked out. So that looks bad.
Dialogue: 0,0:15:24.11,0:15:29.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This means if you're, I'm not going to\Ndate myself, but if you're my age and
Dialogue: 0,0:15:29.71,0:15:34.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're a Hong Konger, you first lived\Nunder British colonialism. Where the
Dialogue: 0,0:15:34.36,0:15:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,British colonial government was in charge\Nof your feet. And then post 97, you were
Dialogue: 0,0:15:38.48,0:15:42.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just kind of like handed over to the\NChinese government. Maybe at the age of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:42.07,0:15:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like 4, 5, 6, depending on how old you\Nwere. But at no point did you actually get
Dialogue: 0,0:15:46.55,0:15:51.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a choice. But you also grew up with a lot\Nmore political freedom than a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:15:51.17,0:15:54.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people in mainland China. You had no\NInternet censorship and people in Hong
Dialogue: 0,0:15:54.71,0:15:58.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kong talk very openly about a lot of\Nthings that the Chinese government has
Dialogue: 0,0:15:58.04,0:16:01.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,done. And so you're very aware of things\Nsuch as the Tiananmen massacre and you're
Dialogue: 0,0:16:01.91,0:16:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,afraid that those things might maybe\Nhappen to you in 47, when you know there's
Dialogue: 0,0:16:05.80,0:16:09.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an expiration date on all the freedoms\Nthat you have. But in 47, you might also
Dialogue: 0,0:16:09.66,0:16:14.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be part of that and those things might\Nalso be what happens to you. But at the
Dialogue: 0,0:16:14.16,0:16:17.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same time, what you'd also seen is that\Nyou'd seen freedoms eroded and you saw all
Dialogue: 0,0:16:17.66,0:16:22.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these signs that made you think that the\Npromises, the promise of those 50 years of
Dialogue: 0,0:16:22.68,0:16:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,freedom and of a separate political\Nsystem, that that was an empty promise and
Dialogue: 0,0:16:25.93,0:16:28.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that China was not intending to keep it.\NAnd this, I think, is also really
Dialogue: 0,0:16:28.99,0:16:32.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important that a lot of people who I spoke\Nto that tell me China doesn't want 1
Dialogue: 0,0:16:32.86,0:16:37.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,country, 2 systems. And if they don't want\Nit, they will undermine it if they can. So
Dialogue: 0,0:16:37.38,0:16:41.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,one person who I spoke to is in his 20s\Nsaid China just wants one country, one
Dialogue: 0,0:16:41.06,0:16:45.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,system, and it's going to do whatever it\Nwants to achieve that. And that's the
Dialogue: 0,0:16:45.23,0:16:48.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mindset, I think, that we need to\Nunderstand to know why people are going
Dialogue: 0,0:16:48.69,0:16:54.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out on the streets right now. So people\Nare scared of China. People think, people
Dialogue: 0,0:16:54.35,0:16:58.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't trust the Chinese legal system. And\Nwhat happens in 2019 is that the
Dialogue: 0,0:16:58.89,0:17:04.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government introduces an extradition bill.\NPreviously, one of the ways the Hong Kong
Dialogue: 0,0:17:04.55,0:17:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,legal system was kept separate from China\Nis that it couldn't extradite people to
Dialogue: 0,0:17:08.77,0:17:12.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China. So if someone commits a crime in\NChina and flees to Hong Kong, the Hong
Dialogue: 0,0:17:12.85,0:17:17.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kong government cannot send that person to\NChina for prosecution. But what happened
Dialogue: 0,0:17:17.74,0:17:22.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that someone committed a crime in\NTaiwan, which Hong Kong considers to be
Dialogue: 0,0:17:22.36,0:17:27.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of China. And that person. So this\Nperson was a Hong Kong citizen. He killed
Dialogue: 0,0:17:27.40,0:17:32.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,his girlfriend and fled to Hong Kong, was\Nconvicted of a couple of credit card fraud
Dialogue: 0,0:17:32.80,0:17:36.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,charges. But because the Hong Kong courts\Ndidn't have jurisdiction, they couldn't
Dialogue: 0,0:17:36.49,0:17:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually get him for the murder of his\Ngirlfriend. And so the Hong Kong
Dialogue: 0,0:17:39.80,0:17:42.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government said, okay, look, we're going\Nto get an extradition bill so we can start
Dialogue: 0,0:17:42.76,0:17:48.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extraditing people to Taiwan, including,\Nand then also start extraditing people to
Dialogue: 0,0:17:48.32,0:17:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,China. I mean, what do you think people\Nthought about that? They weren't happy. So
Dialogue: 0,0:17:56.86,0:18:03.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on June 9th, one million people,\Nestimated, went on the street to protest
Dialogue: 0,0:18:03.33,0:18:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against the extradition bill. And this is\Nwhere we're starting, right? This is where
Dialogue: 0,0:18:07.29,0:18:11.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the political movement starts. I want to\Ngive you an overview of what's happened
Dialogue: 0,0:18:11.05,0:18:16.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,over the past 7 months, because it's easy\Nin hindsight to forget just the scale of a
Dialogue: 0,0:18:16.57,0:18:22.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lot of what happened. So on June 9th we\Nget, official numbers are 240000. So
Dialogue: 0,0:18:22.83,0:18:27.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's the police. The organizers say 1\Nmillion people. On June 12th, we get 40000
Dialogue: 0,0:18:27.58,0:18:31.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who essentially gather around the\Ngovernment headquarter and prevent the
Dialogue: 0,0:18:31.44,0:18:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bill from being read a second time, from\Nbeing discussed. And the police used tear
Dialogue: 0,0:18:35.62,0:18:39.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gas, rubber bullets and beanbag rounds\Nagainst protesters that were largely
Dialogue: 0,0:18:39.39,0:18:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unarmed and in some cases held umbrellas\Nto essentially defend themselves. People
Dialogue: 0,0:18:44.37,0:18:48.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were really mad at that and so on June\N16th, the largest protest march in Hong
Dialogue: 0,0:18:48.68,0:18:53.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kong history happened with an estimated of\N2 million people, which is a sizable
Dialogue: 0,0:18:53.99,0:19:01.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,proportion of the city's population. So\Npeople are protesting on July 21st. I
Dialogue: 0,0:19:01.50,0:19:05.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think this is one of the events that\Npeople really need to know about. Well,
Dialogue: 0,0:19:05.72,0:19:09.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a protest in the center of Hong\NKong in a metro station further north in
Dialogue: 0,0:19:09.69,0:19:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yuen Long. Suddenly, a group of 20, 25 men\Nin white t-shirts turned up and started
Dialogue: 0,0:19:15.60,0:19:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beating people. So just started\Nindiscriminately beating people up who
Dialogue: 0,0:19:18.95,0:19:24.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were on the metro. We all know this\Nbecause there was a journalist in the same
Dialogue: 0,0:19:24.18,0:19:28.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,metro station and she was live streaming\Nthe entire thing. So for 40 minutes, she
Dialogue: 0,0:19:28.24,0:19:34.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was live streaming violence that people in\NHong Kong had never really seen before.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:34.00,0:19:38.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People are used to being relatively safe.\NHong Kong has a pretty low crime rate. And
Dialogue: 0,0:19:38.06,0:19:41.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was this incredibly vicious violence\Nthey were all seeing on their screens. So
Dialogue: 0,0:19:41.69,0:19:45.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone knew this. Like at some point\Nthere were thousands, tens of thousands of
Dialogue: 0,0:19:45.52,0:19:49.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people in this live stream. And yet the\Npolice was doing nothing. And it didn't
Dialogue: 0,0:19:49.61,0:19:55.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn up until after these people had\Ndisappeared. And I think within that day
Dialogue: 0,0:19:55.35,0:19:59.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they may be arrested. I think within a\Ncouple of days they didn't arrest anyone.
Dialogue: 0,0:19:59.19,0:20:04.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then later they arrested 3 people. But\Nso far, nothing has come of that. That was
Dialogue: 0,0:20:04.52,0:20:08.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really a turning point where people lost a\Nlot of trust in institutions that they
Dialogue: 0,0:20:08.85,0:20:13.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used to have before because they decided\Nthat ultimately when in doubt, if there's
Dialogue: 0,0:20:13.43,0:20:17.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some gangster beating me up, if the person\Nis politically for the government, I
Dialogue: 0,0:20:17.95,0:20:21.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cannot trust the police to come and save\Nme. And a lot of people, especially
Dialogue: 0,0:20:21.43,0:20:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wealthier, more well-off, middle class\Npeople, that's the point when they change
Dialogue: 0,0:20:25.16,0:20:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their mind. Maybe before they said the\Nextradition bill isn't that bad, I don't
Dialogue: 0,0:20:28.88,0:20:32.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mind, it will be fine. But that was the\Nmoment when they saw those people getting
Dialogue: 0,0:20:32.66,0:20:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,beaten up. They looked at them and they\Nwere like, that could have been me. And
Dialogue: 0,0:20:36.07,0:20:38.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's when they said, now something needs\Nto happen and something needs to be done
Dialogue: 0,0:20:38.84,0:20:45.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about this government. So more people go\Nout in the pouring rain. An estimated 1.7
Dialogue: 0,0:20:45.11,0:20:51.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,million people protesting. August 31 the\Nestimate is tens of thousands, but this
Dialogue: 0,0:20:51.02,0:20:54.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was an illegal march, so the protest\Nwasn't allowed. So people went out to
Dialogue: 0,0:20:54.58,0:20:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest despite it being illegal. They\Nknew they could be charged with like
Dialogue: 0,0:20:58.10,0:21:03.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,illegal assembly. Maybe a riot which\Ncarries up to 10 years. After that, the
Dialogue: 0,0:21:03.10,0:21:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government essentially stopped allowing\Nprotest marches and they were like, maybe
Dialogue: 0,0:21:06.61,0:21:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we don't allow you to protest, people\Nwon't come out to protest. Didn't work out
Dialogue: 0,0:21:10.79,0:21:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on October 1st, Chinese National Day,\Nthousands demonstrated on the streets
Dialogue: 0,0:21:17.41,0:21:22.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again. And this is the first day someone\Nwas shot with a life round. So a protester
Dialogue: 0,0:21:22.93,0:21:28.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in his 20s was shot by a policeman at \Nclose range. On October 4th, again,
Dialogue: 0,0:21:28.69,0:21:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousands of people out in the streets.\NThe government tries to ban masks, so they
Dialogue: 0,0:21:32.19,0:21:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,went to prevent people from hiding their\Nfaces. And you see what people do in
Dialogue: 0,0:21:35.81,0:21:39.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reaction to that. They put on masks and they\Ngo out and protest because it's Hong Kong
Dialogue: 0,0:21:39.96,0:21:45.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On November 8th, the first person died\Nin the context of the protests. A young
Dialogue: 0,0:21:45.53,0:21:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,man who fell from a building near a police\Naction saved and in a coma for several
Dialogue: 0,0:21:50.95,0:21:54.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,days and then died on November 8th.\NThis picture is from one of the vigils
Dialogue: 0,0:21:54.68,0:21:59.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for him. And several days later, the\Nsecond person died in the context of the
Dialogue: 0,0:21:59.47,0:22:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest, an old man who was probably just\Na bystander at a clash between police and
Dialogue: 0,0:22:04.30,0:22:10.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protesters. He was hit in his face, in\Nthe head by a brick and died several days
Dialogue: 0,0:22:10.33,0:22:15.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,later. Also after a coma. This was what\Nset off the most extreme and the most
Dialogue: 0,0:22:15.86,0:22:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,violent days of protests in Hong Kong that\Nwe have seen this year and possibly ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:22:20.76,0:22:25.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where people started occupying university\Ncampuses and had real battles with police
Dialogue: 0,0:22:25.67,0:22:29.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to essentially defend those campuses\Nagainst police. And the whole thing
Dialogue: 0,0:22:29.51,0:22:34.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,culminated on November 18th in police\Nessentially laying siege to an entire
Dialogue: 0,0:22:34.38,0:22:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,university, trapping people inside and\Nthousands of people going out to protest
Dialogue: 0,0:22:38.51,0:22:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and trying to essentially break through\Nthe police cordon from the outside and
Dialogue: 0,0:22:42.66,0:22:46.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rescue the people who were inside, who\Nwere afraid of the police, who didn't want
Dialogue: 0,0:22:46.55,0:22:50.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to come up because they'd seen videos of\Npolice violence over the past few months
Dialogue: 0,0:22:50.39,0:22:53.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they were scared because they said, I\Ndon't know what's going to happen if I go
Dialogue: 0,0:22:53.55,0:22:57.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out, but who also said we have fought for\Nso many months at this point. So this was
Dialogue: 0,0:22:57.74,0:23:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,November, right? So a month ago, they were\Nsaying we have fought it for so many
Dialogue: 0,0:23:01.28,0:23:06.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,months, we cannot just give up. We need to\Nat least try. One thing that happened as
Dialogue: 0,0:23:06.36,0:23:12.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of that was that people coordinate an\Nabsolutely insane exit from the besieged
Dialogue: 0,0:23:12.30,0:23:18.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,university where they basically came down\Nfrom a footbridge. Some of these people
Dialogue: 0,0:23:18.83,0:23:22.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are climbing, but some of them are just\Nfalling down. And then you have
Dialogue: 0,0:23:22.76,0:23:26.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,motorcyclists waiting for them down the\Nbridge. All of this is coordinated online.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:26.87,0:23:31.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we don't know how many people are\Ngoing out that way, but maybe 50 or 100
Dialogue: 0,0:23:31.25,0:23:35.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,men were able to escape arrest.
Dialogue: 0,0:23:35.14,0:23:44.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Video playing, human voices,\Nphoto shutters, motorcycle noises{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:23:44.03,0:23:51.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's kind of like getting down and being\Npicked up by motorbikes. The sieges
Dialogue: 0,0:23:51.33,0:23:55.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eventually ended. Kind of a lot of people\Nwere arrested. I think more than a
Dialogue: 0,0:23:55.57,0:23:59.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thousand people were arrested around the\Nuniversity that was occupied. But several
Dialogue: 0,0:23:59.42,0:24:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,days later, there were district council\Nelections, which are basically local
Dialogue: 0,0:24:02.74,0:24:08.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elections in Hong Kong and this was the\Nelectoral map before the elections. Red are
Dialogue: 0,0:24:08.13,0:24:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pro-government parties and yellow are pro-\Ndemocracy parties. There was a record
Dialogue: 0,0:24:12.82,0:24:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turnout, the highest ever in the history\Nof Hong Kong. And the pro-democracy camp
Dialogue: 0,0:24:17.10,0:24:25.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,made the map to this.\N{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,0:24:25.45,0:24:29.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing that's important to bear in mind\Nis that Hong Kong uses the first-past-the-
Dialogue: 0,0:24:29.47,0:24:34.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,post system. So you win in your district\Nif you gain an absolute majority. So these
Dialogue: 0,0:24:34.20,0:24:39.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seats actually don't translate into that\Nmuch of a electoral difference. So I think
Dialogue: 0,0:24:39.25,0:24:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was 60/40. So with 60% for pro-\Ndemocracy, but especially compared to what
Dialogue: 0,0:24:43.99,0:24:47.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the districts had looked like before, this\Nwas an incredible achievement and I also
Dialogue: 0,0:24:47.14,0:24:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think this is one thing that's really\Nimportant, recognize that there's a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:24:49.59,0:24:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organizational work that went through\Nthis. So people put in a lot of time, no
Dialogue: 0,0:24:52.85,0:24:56.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,love like work to make sure that people\Nwent out and would be able to vote and the
Dialogue: 0,0:24:56.73,0:25:05.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people knew who they were voting for. So\Nhere we are in December. By the count of
Dialogue: 0,0:25:05.03,0:25:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the activist and writer Kong Tsung-gan\Nthere have been 6152 arrests, at least,
Dialogue: 0,0:25:11.78,0:25:15.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possibly more. 921 people have been\Nprosecuted. So there's an incredible
Dialogue: 0,0:25:15.47,0:25:21.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,backlog and there have been 774 protests\Nthat includes smaller ones. That was as of
Dialogue: 0,0:25:21.76,0:25:26.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,December 23. Since then, there have been\Nseveral more hundred arrests. So we're
Dialogue: 0,0:25:26.34,0:25:31.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably getting closer, much closer to\N6500, 6600. And that's where we are after
Dialogue: 0,0:25:31.35,0:25:39.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,7 months of protest in Hong Kong.\NThis is somewhat depressing, but it's also
Dialogue: 0,0:25:39.59,0:25:43.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incredibly impressive that people have\Nbeen able to keep going for such a long
Dialogue: 0,0:25:43.66,0:25:49.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time. These people who are going out into\Nthe streets are not just walking for half
Dialogue: 0,0:25:49.20,0:25:53.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an hour or an hour and then go home and\Nare like, oh, yeah, no, it's fine. People
Dialogue: 0,0:25:53.03,0:25:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are entering real battles with police and\Nessentially running and hiding from police
Dialogue: 0,0:25:57.02,0:26:01.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for, in some cases for hours. A lot of\Npeople have been driven to physical
Dialogue: 0,0:26:01.76,0:26:06.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exhaustion. A lot of people aren't doing\Nwell mentally because that's incredibly
Dialogue: 0,0:26:06.14,0:26:09.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,depressing. There's a lot of anxiety.\NPeople are very scared of what could
Dialogue: 0,0:26:09.98,0:26:13.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happen to them if they do get arrested.\NAnd so one thing that I want to now focus
Dialogue: 0,0:26:13.79,0:26:18.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on is how they've been able to just keep\Nthis going for such a long time. Hong Kong
Dialogue: 0,0:26:18.35,0:26:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is such a tiny place. And if you look at\Nthe resources that the Chinese government
Dialogue: 0,0:26:22.57,0:26:26.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has access to, that the Hong Kong\Ngovernment has access to. How can a
Dialogue: 0,0:26:26.38,0:26:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest keep going for so long? I think I\Nhave a few answers. The first answer is
Dialogue: 0,0:26:34.05,0:26:40.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they are very clear demands that the\Nmovement has. The first is a complete
Dialogue: 0,0:26:40.10,0:26:44.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,withdrawal of the extradition bill. So the\Nblog that I was talking about earlier that
Dialogue: 0,0:26:44.20,0:26:52.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was fulfilled in September. The second is\Nthe release of arrested protesters without
Dialogue: 0,0:26:52.41,0:26:56.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,chargers. So they're saying we want all\Nthose 6..., more than 6000 people, those
Dialogue: 0,0:26:56.18,0:26:59.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,should be released and they should be able\Nto go home without being charged because
Dialogue: 0,0:26:59.91,0:27:03.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they were trying to make their government\Nlisten to them because there is no other
Dialogue: 0,0:27:03.24,0:27:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way you can get your government to listen\Nto you if you cannot vote. The only thing
Dialogue: 0,0:27:07.11,0:27:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can do is you can go out on the\Nstreet. The third demand is the withdrawal
Dialogue: 0,0:27:10.93,0:27:16.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the characterization of protests as a\Nright of old. Any protest is a riot. This
Dialogue: 0,0:27:16.61,0:27:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a bit technical, but the basic gist of\Nit is that there is a law that the British
Dialogue: 0,0:27:19.54,0:27:25.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,colonial administration introduced which\Nallows police to classify a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:27:25.39,0:27:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protests as riots. It's like a pretty\Nbroad definition. It's pretty vague. And
Dialogue: 0,0:27:30.12,0:27:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if you're convicted of rioting, that\Ncarries up to 10 years in prison. So I
Dialogue: 0,0:27:35.61,0:27:40.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think roughly a third of arrested\Nprotesters has been under 18. Imagine you
Dialogue: 0,0:27:40.45,0:27:43.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are 14 years old and you're out in the\Nstreets and you find out that you could be
Dialogue: 0,0:27:43.07,0:27:50.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,charged with rioting and you're looking at\Na 10 year prison sentence. Let's... That's
Dialogue: 0,0:27:50.30,0:27:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very scary. The first demand. Which is one\Nof the ones that has some of the most
Dialogue: 0,0:27:54.44,0:28:00.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,support in the population. Currently at 72\Npercent as of December 8th is an
Dialogue: 0,0:28:00.22,0:28:04.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independent investigation to police\Nbrutality because people don't trust the
Dialogue: 0,0:28:04.96,0:28:08.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government watchdog. That is essentially\Nstaffed by people who the government gets
Dialogue: 0,0:28:08.40,0:28:12.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to pick. And they have has been. There\Nwere a few international experts on that
Dialogue: 0,0:28:12.82,0:28:15.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,panel, but all of them resigned because\Nthey said this is actually a joke and we
Dialogue: 0,0:28:15.60,0:28:18.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't think we can actually do anything\Nmeaningful about this. So people want an
Dialogue: 0,0:28:18.88,0:28:22.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,independent investigation. I specifically\Ndid not include images of protest
Dialogue: 0,0:28:22.58,0:28:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brutality in my presentation. But if you\Nthink you can take the violence, I would
Dialogue: 0,0:28:27.31,0:28:32.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,urge you to actually go look them up.\NThere's a lot of material online. Hong
Dialogue: 0,0:28:32.31,0:28:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kong Free Press has documented a lot of\Nthese cases and reports on the legal
Dialogue: 0,0:28:34.96,0:28:40.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,follow up on them as well. This has not\Nbeen good. And I think it's also something
Dialogue: 0,0:28:40.35,0:28:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the violence was especially\Ndisproportionate and shocking for people
Dialogue: 0,0:28:44.77,0:28:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because people are used to being safe.\NPeople are not used to living in a country
Dialogue: 0,0:28:48.53,0:28:53.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the police just comes and beats them\Nup or where the police just put like
Dialogue: 0,0:28:53.07,0:28:56.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stomps their foot on the head of an\Narrested protester who's already lying on
Dialogue: 0,0:28:56.87,0:28:59.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ground. They're not used to like\Nwatching police kicks, like just kick
Dialogue: 0,0:28:59.61,0:29:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone who's already on the ground.\NThey're also don't, ... they're also not
Dialogue: 0,0:29:02.64,0:29:08.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used to, ... they're also not used to\Npolice arresting teenagers. So, yeah,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:08.90,0:29:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's number four. And number five is\Nreal universal sufefrage. This is currently
Dialogue: 0,0:29:14.17,0:29:19.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at 70 percent support in the broader\Npopulation. So the idea is, essentially,
Dialogue: 0,0:29:19.63,0:29:25.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people say, we want that democracy that\Npromised, if you meet us in 97 or what we
Dialogue: 0,0:29:25.17,0:29:29.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think you..., like that promise that we\Nthink you made us. We want that. And this
Dialogue: 0,0:29:29.52,0:29:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is also something that has been\Nstrengthened, especially over the past few
Dialogue: 0,0:29:31.16,0:29:35.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,months, because until a year ago, maybe\Npeople thought it doesn't matter that much
Dialogue: 0,0:29:35.93,0:29:39.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if I elect the government because things\Nwill be fine and most people are competent
Dialogue: 0,0:29:39.37,0:29:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are in government. But if the past\Nseven months they've been watching a
Dialogue: 0,0:29:42.10,0:29:45.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government that essentially refused to\Nlisten to any of the protesters and
Dialogue: 0,0:29:45.26,0:29:51.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pretended like that none of their demands\Nwere in any way politically legitimate. So
Dialogue: 0,0:29:51.31,0:29:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,now people like... now a lot of people who\Nare fired a year ago saying, well, now we
Dialogue: 0,0:29:53.66,0:29:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need democracy because we've seen what\Nhappens if you have a government that
Dialogue: 0,0:29:57.10,0:30:01.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't represent the people it's supposed\Nto represent. I think this is an important
Dialogue: 0,0:30:01.37,0:30:05.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strategy because it means that everyone\Nwho goes out, knows what they're
Dialogue: 0,0:30:05.78,0:30:09.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protesting for. So since July, people have\Nbeen going out on the streets and they
Dialogue: 0,0:30:09.46,0:30:13.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say: These are the five things we want.\NThis is what we want. Nothing else.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:13.89,0:30:17.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Notably, independence is not part of this\Nlist, although the Chinese government
Dialogue: 0,0:30:17.45,0:30:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,likes to say that the protesters are\Nseparatists. Independence is not a demand
Dialogue: 0,0:30:21.81,0:30:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the movement and also has pretty low\Nsupport in Hong Kong. But instead, because
Dialogue: 0,0:30:27.85,0:30:32.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have these five demands, it's very\Ncatchy. People have even come up with the
Dialogue: 0,0:30:32.16,0:30:35.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest slogan..., with a protest sign.\NRight? So whenever you see pictures of
Dialogue: 0,0:30:35.73,0:30:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest, you will see people just holding\Nup their hands like this because they're
Dialogue: 0,0:30:38.51,0:30:41.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like five demands. And then they put up\Nanother thing and they're saying not one
Dialogue: 0,0:30:41.67,0:30:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,less. So that's one guiding slogan that\Nthey've been using. And it's been memed.
Dialogue: 0,0:30:47.18,0:30:53.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything gets memed in the Hong Kong\Nprotests. So, for example, if you're
Dialogue: 0,0:30:53.08,0:30:57.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disappointed with the new Star Wars movie,\Ngo to Hong Kong, because there's a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:30:57.36,0:31:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very entertaining Star Wars content that\Nincludes protesters. So on the left, you
Dialogue: 0,0:31:02.64,0:31:07.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can see at the bottom again, it says five\Ndemands, not one less. And the image on
Dialogue: 0,0:31:07.89,0:31:24.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the right also has that in Chinese.\NStrategy number two. Be water. This is an
Dialogue: 0,0:31:24.12,0:31:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,image by an artist,... that\Nessentially,... so you've seen some of the
Dialogue: 0,0:31:28.27,0:31:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,images where people cover their faces to\Nprotect themselves against tear gas. They
Dialogue: 0,0:31:32.39,0:31:36.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protect themselves so they can't be\Nidentified. And so there was a week when
Dialogue: 0,0:31:36.65,0:31:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people started drawing the Pokemons of the\NHong Kong protests. And this was an image
Dialogue: 0,0:31:42.13,0:31:46.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for be water. Be water has essentially\Nbeen a guiding principle of the movement
Dialogue: 0,0:31:46.57,0:31:51.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since the very beginning. And it's based\Non a Bruce Lee quote. He's a martial
Dialogue: 0,0:31:51.57,0:31:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,artist. He was in a bunch of like kung fu\Nfilms from Hong Kong. And he said, empty
Dialogue: 0,0:31:58.01,0:32:04.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your mind, be formless, shapeless, like\Nwater. Now you put water in a cup. It
Dialogue: 0,0:32:04.81,0:32:08.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,becomes the cup. You put water in a\Nbottle. It becomes the bottle. You put it
Dialogue: 0,0:32:08.81,0:32:15.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a teapot. It becomes the teapot. Now\Nwater can flow or it can crash. So the
Dialogue: 0,0:32:15.58,0:32:19.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,idea of be water is that you essentially\Naccumulate and gather people in places
Dialogue: 0,0:32:19.58,0:32:24.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unexpectedly and very quickly and in the\Nend you disappear as quickly as possible.
Dialogue: 0,0:32:24.08,0:32:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There were scenes where protests of\Nthousands in the center of Hong Kong just
Dialogue: 0,0:32:28.16,0:32:32.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of like dissipated and disappeared\Ninto nothingness. This is how you can
Dialogue: 0,0:32:32.79,0:32:37.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,avoid police capture in many cases. Right.\NLike you don't sit and you don't stay in a
Dialogue: 0,0:32:37.26,0:32:41.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,place like people did with Occupy Central\Nin 2014. You leave once the police turns
Dialogue: 0,0:32:41.94,0:32:46.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up, but you don't even have to wait for\Nthe police to show up to know that they're
Dialogue: 0,0:32:46.35,0:32:52.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming. Because what people have started\Ndoing is that essentially you get maps
Dialogue: 0,0:32:52.50,0:32:56.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they have,... or you have scouting\Nchannels first, where people, when they
Dialogue: 0,0:32:56.16,0:33:00.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see police, they just submit a report to\Nthe,... like to the telegram channel. So
Dialogue: 0,0:33:00.93,0:33:03.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are bots where you can submit\Nreports. You say, I've seen a police unit.
Dialogue: 0,0:33:03.58,0:33:10.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's going from here to this place. That\Ndirection, this many policemen. And that
Dialogue: 0,0:33:10.19,0:33:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gets posted on a telegram channel with a\Nhashtag for the location that there were
Dialogue: 0,0:33:12.50,0:33:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seen in. One person who I interviewed,\Nwho's middle class, doing really well. I
Dialogue: 0,0:33:19.09,0:33:21.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asked him what the protest changed about\Nhim. And he said it really changed my
Dialogue: 0,0:33:21.48,0:33:25.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frame of mind because now I got used to\Nobserving the deployment of police
Dialogue: 0,0:33:25.81,0:33:29.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whenever I see it. I got alerted to a\Nsiren and once I see it, I will
Dialogue: 0,0:33:29.44,0:33:38.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,immediately send the info onto a telegram\Nchannel. These reports then also get
Dialogue: 0,0:33:38.38,0:33:47.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turned into maps. So this was Christmas\NEve in Hong Kong. So people got a white
Dialogue: 0,0:33:47.54,0:33:51.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Christmas, not because there was snow, but\Nbecause there was a lot of tear gas. And
Dialogue: 0,0:33:51.61,0:33:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the reports that people sent in are\Nessentially turned into a map that you can
Dialogue: 0,0:33:54.40,0:34:00.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,use to strategically avoid being captured\Nby police. And also that, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:00.98,0:34:04.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some relatives of mine wanted to go to\NHong Kong and they said, well, we are
Dialogue: 0,0:34:04.47,0:34:07.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,worried about going into areas of protest.\NAnd I was like, well, you can use this map
Dialogue: 0,0:34:07.21,0:34:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you can avoid. You can see really\Neasily in which, ... into which areas you
Dialogue: 0,0:34:10.57,0:34:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really shouldn't go. And basically, if\Nthere are a lot of icons in the place,
Dialogue: 0,0:34:13.54,0:34:17.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that means a lot of stuff is happening\Nthere. If there are ..., if you have like
Dialogue: 0,0:34:17.63,0:34:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the puppy logo, that means police units,\Ncars means police cars. You see some water
Dialogue: 0,0:34:23.45,0:34:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drops kind of like in the middle towards\Nthe left. That means there's a water
Dialogue: 0,0:34:28.31,0:34:33.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cannon right there that you probably want\Nto avoid. And there's also different signs
Dialogue: 0,0:34:33.03,0:34:38.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the different police units. So they're\NRaptors. And those are predators, the
Dialogue: 0,0:34:38.80,0:34:44.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,dinosaur logos. And in addition to that,\Nyou kind of have the, you know, at what
Dialogue: 0,0:34:44.37,0:34:49.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time the report was submitted, you can\Nverify a report you see further down
Dialogue: 0,0:34:49.10,0:34:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards the lower part of the map. There's\Na camera sign. And so that means that
Dialogue: 0,0:34:54.02,0:34:58.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are life feeds from that place. So\Nif you want to know what's going on at a
Dialogue: 0,0:34:58.00,0:35:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particular place, a lot of Hong Kong\Njournalists are live streaming the
Dialogue: 0,0:35:00.77,0:35:03.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protests. And so you can go and just watch\Na livestream to see what's really
Dialogue: 0,0:35:03.16,0:35:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happening on the ground. Right like there.\NAnd there's even a Web site that compiles
Dialogue: 0,0:35:07.22,0:35:11.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,up to nine live streams at the same time.\NSo you can just watch all of them at the
Dialogue: 0,0:35:11.94,0:35:16.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same time on your screen to make sure you\Nknow what's happening. These maps are
Dialogue: 0,0:35:16.69,0:35:23.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,extremely useful. And there is no way of\Nsaying how many people they've helped in
Dialogue: 0,0:35:23.01,0:35:26.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,avoiding arrest. But one friend of mine\Nwho was talking to another protester in
Dialogue: 0,0:35:26.98,0:35:30.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,July said, that he was going home from a\Nprotest, and he was wearing the
Dialogue: 0,0:35:30.63,0:35:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,distinctive black shirts that protesters\Nusually wear. He didn't have any change of
Dialogue: 0,0:35:34.42,0:35:39.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,clothes and he wanted to avoid arrest. And\Nhe told his friends. And so within a few
Dialogue: 0,0:35:39.99,0:35:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,minutes, they sent him a screenshot of\NGoogle Maps where you could just see where
Dialogue: 0,0:35:45.10,0:35:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'd just shown him, this is your escape\Nroute. Just going around all the police
Dialogue: 0,0:35:49.66,0:35:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,units that they could see on the map,\Nusing only open sourced, crowd sourced
Dialogue: 0,0:35:53.06,0:35:56.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,information that was all made freely\Navailable online and that people put on
Dialogue: 0,0:35:56.86,0:36:15.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maps like this. {\i1}Applause{\i0} I think it's\Nworth clapping for, like because these are
Dialogue: 0,0:36:15.50,0:36:21.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people's lives, right? If there are only\N10 people that got to escape police arrest
Dialogue: 0,0:36:21.65,0:36:24.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of these things, we don't know to\Nhow many years those people could be sent
Dialogue: 0,0:36:24.65,0:36:27.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to the prison. They could just be sent its\Ndefiance. Maybe they could send us to
Dialogue: 0,0:36:27.72,0:36:30.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prison in three years. But all of that is\Ntime. All of that is time in people's
Dialogue: 0,0:36:30.97,0:36:35.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lives and the lives of people who have\Nbeen going out to protest and all of that
Dialogue: 0,0:36:35.49,0:36:39.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was saved thanks to people crowdsourcing\Nand open sourcing all of this information.
Dialogue: 0,0:36:39.62,0:36:42.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's an incredible effort that\Npeople have been making for months now and
Dialogue: 0,0:36:42.66,0:36:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an incredibly important institution that\Nreally has helped people. The next part of
Dialogue: 0,0:36:51.52,0:36:56.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be water is decentralized decision making.\NOne of the reasons I talked about the
Dialogue: 0,0:36:56.72,0:37:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,history of Hong Kong protests before and\Nall of that political stuff is because I
Dialogue: 0,0:37:00.45,0:37:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think it's very important to understand\Nwhere people are coming from. People of
Dialogue: 0,0:37:05.01,0:37:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all ages are protesting. But it's really\Nyoung people who are disproportionally
Dialogue: 0,0:37:08.60,0:37:13.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against the government and against the\Nbill. I think especially, ... I think
Dialogue: 0,0:37:13.20,0:37:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,earlier in June or July, the numbers were\Nthat 59 percent of people under 16 oppose
Dialogue: 0,0:37:18.22,0:37:22.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the extradition bill. That's almost 100\Npercent amongst people who are not even
Dialogue: 0,0:37:22.26,0:37:27.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,eligible to vote. Not even close to being\Neligible to vote. But these people have
Dialogue: 0,0:37:27.36,0:37:31.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also been protesting for a very long time,\Nand they've also learned from the past.
Dialogue: 0,0:37:31.72,0:37:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One thing that they've learned from 2014\Nis that you if you're a leader, you get
Dialogue: 0,0:37:35.27,0:37:40.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arrested and you get put in prison. Joshua\NWong, who you may have heard of, is one of
Dialogue: 0,0:37:40.79,0:37:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people who that happened to him.\NAnother person who that happened to his
Dialogue: 0,0:37:44.93,0:37:50.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Edward Lung, who was a leading figure of\Nthe fishbowl riots of 2016. He's currently
Dialogue: 0,0:37:50.97,0:37:56.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still serving time in prison. But how do\Nyou organize a movement without having
Dialogue: 0,0:37:56.07,0:38:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political leaders? You well, you do the\Nwhole crowd intelligence thing. Right.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:03.78,0:38:06.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Like you start having grassroots decision\Nmaking, you have a leaderless movement.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:06.85,0:38:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hong Kong is not the first time this has\Nhappened. The Gezi protests in Istanbul in
Dialogue: 0,0:38:11.12,0:38:18.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,2013 were doing something similar. And now\Nit's happening on Hong Kong. So you
Dialogue: 0,0:38:18.45,0:38:21.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have,... if you have no leaders, you have\Nnobody who the government can arrest to
Dialogue: 0,0:38:21.59,0:38:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cripple the movement. They can maybe\Narrest one person. They can arrest a
Dialogue: 0,0:38:25.70,0:38:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hundred people. They can arrest 6000\Npeople. But all of those people are only
Dialogue: 0,0:38:28.75,0:38:34.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drops in the bigger movement and in that\Nwave that we were talking about earlier.
Dialogue: 0,0:38:34.25,0:38:41.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how does political decision making work\Nif you have thousands of people? So there
Dialogue: 0,0:38:41.43,0:38:47.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are telegram groups primarily and there\Nthere's also a forum called LIHGK. That's
Dialogue: 0,0:38:47.27,0:38:51.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bit like reddit. And then people just\Nhave political discussions on those. In
Dialogue: 0,0:38:51.06,0:38:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,addition to that, people often have groups\Non whatsup. People have Facebook groups
Dialogue: 0,0:38:55.52,0:39:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like my parents are like probably not on\Ntelegram, but kind of like the equivalent
Dialogue: 0,0:39:00.49,0:39:05.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the children. Their generation has\Ngroups on Facebook. And that's where
Dialogue: 0,0:39:05.63,0:39:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are talking about what they think\Nshould happen, about strategic questions,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:08.87,0:39:13.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about questions in terms of what their\Naims should be. And so it's just kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:39:13.32,0:39:16.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happening on all these platforms. And so\Nif you have an idea or if you have an
Dialogue: 0,0:39:16.43,0:39:19.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,argument that you think is important, you\Nshare it. And if people agree with you,
Dialogue: 0,0:39:19.45,0:39:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they start sharing it further on. So\Ndecision making is kind of like,... has
Dialogue: 0,0:39:24.71,0:39:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a snowball effect where you can see\Nonce you are in different groups like
Dialogue: 0,0:39:28.58,0:39:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,arguments that people agree with keep\Nreappearing, like in 10, 15, 20 groups or
Dialogue: 0,0:39:32.75,0:39:37.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people start rephrasing them. And so\Nthat's how we kind of like consensus is
Dialogue: 0,0:39:37.33,0:39:41.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,often being built. At the same time, if\Nyou want to,... if you have an idea for a
Dialogue: 0,0:39:41.99,0:39:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really cool protest action such as you\Nwant people to form a human chain across
Dialogue: 0,0:39:45.71,0:39:49.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,part of Hong Kong, which is something that\Nthey did and someone just came up with it
Dialogue: 0,0:39:49.44,0:39:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and posted about it online and then\Nsomeone made a poster for it and more
Dialogue: 0,0:39:52.65,0:39:57.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people made posters and lots of people\Nsaid this is a great idea. And so they
Dialogue: 0,0:39:57.22,0:40:01.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just did it. I hope that especially\Nhackers can empathize with this idea that
Dialogue: 0,0:40:01.05,0:40:05.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone has a cool idea, just does it. And\Nthen people recognize that it is cool and
Dialogue: 0,0:40:05.07,0:40:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of go along with it. And that's how a\Nlot of the movement has been working for
Dialogue: 0,0:40:08.72,0:40:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the past few months as well. Another\Nexample of this is the December 1st
Dialogue: 0,0:40:14.32,0:40:19.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest where thousands of people came out\Nbecause someone, just like basically the
Dialogue: 0,0:40:19.12,0:40:22.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,equivalent of a Reddit user in his 20s had\Njust said, "well, I thought we should try
Dialogue: 0,0:40:22.61,0:40:25.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have a protest again." And all of a\Nsudden the government actually gave him
Dialogue: 0,0:40:25.93,0:40:29.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,permission. And there were thousands of\Npeople, again, out on the streets because
Dialogue: 0,0:40:29.67,0:40:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anyone can register protest. One thing\Nthat's hard is decision-making. Some of
Dialogue: 0,0:40:38.45,0:40:41.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these groups have thousands of people. I\Nthink I'm in several telegram groups that
Dialogue: 0,0:40:41.15,0:40:48.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have maybe 60-70 thousand members. So\Noften people use polling to essentially
Dialogue: 0,0:40:48.50,0:40:52.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,make decisions. I don't know whether you\Nknow the poll function of telegram?
Dialogue: 0,0:40:52.84,0:40:57.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Basically, the admins can send in a poll\Nand say these are your four options. Do
Dialogue: 0,0:40:57.26,0:41:01.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you think we should do A, B, C, or D and\Nthen just, kind of, vote. And that's how a
Dialogue: 0,0:41:01.88,0:41:06.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lot of the -- especially -- decision\Nmaking and discussion on demands or
Dialogue: 0,0:41:06.26,0:41:12.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,deadlines that people were trying to set\Nwas happening earlier in the movement. But
Dialogue: 0,0:41:12.28,0:41:17.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also something that people can use if\Nthey need to make strategic decisions
Dialogue: 0,0:41:17.16,0:41:23.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quickly on the spot. On August 12th,\Npeople occupied the Hong Kong airport,
Dialogue: 0,0:41:23.60,0:41:27.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is an incredibly important\Ninternational hub, and where they managed
Dialogue: 0,0:41:27.64,0:41:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to paralyze the entire airport. The Hong\NKong government announced that day that
Dialogue: 0,0:41:34.67,0:41:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flights would stop taking off at 4 p.m.\Nand there started being rumors that the
Dialogue: 0,0:41:40.20,0:41:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police would essentially come in and start\Nclearing out the airport violently with
Dialogue: 0,0:41:44.90,0:41:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tear gas. And police was deploying\Nincreasingly more people towards the
Dialogue: 0,0:41:49.02,0:41:52.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,airport. Because you have all these\Ntelegram channels, you see that people
Dialogue: 0,0:41:52.33,0:41:55.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take pictures of police. They post them\Nand you see, "Oh, my God, all this police
Dialogue: 0,0:41:55.80,0:42:00.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is coming towards the airport, I am here.\NThey cut off the metro. So you cannot take
Dialogue: 0,0:42:00.52,0:42:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the train back into the city. The Hong\NKong airport is on an island. You cannot
Dialogue: 0,0:42:04.88,0:42:08.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,get away from there." And so there was a\Nlot of heated discussion back and forth
Dialogue: 0,0:42:08.36,0:42:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that day. And people were discussing, "Is\Nit safe?" "Is it not safe?" And
Dialogue: 0,0:42:12.36,0:42:15.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ultimately, there was one channel that\Nhad, I think, 60000 followers and the
Dialogue: 0,0:42:15.66,0:42:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,admins kept asking, should we stay or\Nshall we go? And the ratios kept
Dialogue: 0,0:42:20.52,0:42:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changing towards leaving. And then\Nsuddenly it was 70 to 30 percent. And
Dialogue: 0,0:42:25.13,0:42:27.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people were like, OK, this is it, we're\Nleaving. And that was kind of the moment
Dialogue: 0,0:42:27.13,0:42:31.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when you could see people changing their\Nmind, right on the spot. There was nobody
Dialogue: 0,0:42:31.62,0:42:34.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who said, "We're now leaving," not a\Nsingle person who said "We're now going
Dialogue: 0,0:42:34.04,0:42:38.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,back." But just thousands of people who\Nwere watching and who said, "This looks
Dialogue: 0,0:42:38.52,0:42:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,too dangerous. We need to stay safe and we\Nneed to go home." The result of that was a
Dialogue: 0,0:42:43.99,0:42:49.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mass exodus where people literally walked\Nfor hours, as you can see on this picture,
Dialogue: 0,0:42:49.77,0:42:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just across streets. Because, buses were\Nfull and stopped running, The metro had
Dialogue: 0,0:42:53.59,0:42:59.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stopped running, but they needed to get\Nback home. One of the funniest things I
Dialogue: 0,0:42:59.68,0:43:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think that I've heard of as part of the be\Nwater and grassroots discussion strategy;
Dialogue: 0,0:43:05.68,0:43:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I was talking to Chiffon Young, who's the\NChina correspondent for the German paper,
Dialogue: 0,0:43:10.46,0:43:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Die Zeit and she was reporting from a\Nsmall group that was building street
Dialogue: 0,0:43:15.13,0:43:21.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,blockades in Hong Kong. And there they\Nwere practicing grassroots decision making
Dialogue: 0,0:43:21.69,0:43:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in person. So, they built a blockade. They\Nhear police is coming, so scouts are
Dialogue: 0,0:43:25.26,0:43:28.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,telling them. They leave and they run to\Nthe metro. But then they need to know
Dialogue: 0,0:43:28.45,0:43:31.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they're going next, because there's\Nno plan. Because if you have no plan, the
Dialogue: 0,0:43:31.61,0:43:35.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police can't know your plan and can't wait\Nfor you there. But also, you have no plan.
Dialogue: 0,0:43:35.03,0:43:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have five people, 10 people who are\Njust shouting at each other on the metro
Dialogue: 0,0:43:39.24,0:43:42.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,platform. So one says "We want to go\Nhere," and the other person says "We're
Dialogue: 0,0:43:42.70,0:43:45.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going there." And maybe after five minutes\Nof shouting, they decide; "OK, we have
Dialogue: 0,0:43:45.86,0:43:53.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reached consensus." Swarm intelligence. {\i1}laughers{\i0}\NBut it works. It's chaotic, but it works
Dialogue: 0,0:43:53.22,0:43:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it really makes it hard to figure\Nout where people are. Another really hard
Dialogue: 0,0:43:59.15,0:44:03.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing of this whole grassroots decision\Nmaking and bottom up decision making has
Dialogue: 0,0:44:03.90,0:44:09.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been how do you correct course if you make\Nmistakes? How do you correct those
Dialogue: 0,0:44:09.40,0:44:12.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mistakes, if there's nobody who can tell\Nsomeone that they need to stop doing these
Dialogue: 0,0:44:12.06,0:44:16.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things? Again, this was something you\Ncould observe during the airport protests,
Dialogue: 0,0:44:16.26,0:44:23.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where people occupied the entire departure\Nhall. And at some point -- I think they
Dialogue: 0,0:44:23.46,0:44:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said it was a citizen's arrest but -- they\Nbasically tied a person to one of those
Dialogue: 0,0:44:28.31,0:44:32.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,luggage carts, who they thought was an\Nundercover policeman from China, and beat
Dialogue: 0,0:44:32.55,0:44:37.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that person up. I think he was led away in\Nthe end, but it was an incredibly ugly
Dialogue: 0,0:44:37.89,0:44:43.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scene, and when you were watching it, it\Nfelt a lot like mob violence. But what
Dialogue: 0,0:44:43.69,0:44:47.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happened after? A lot of people were\Nsaying, well, "This is a sign that this
Dialogue: 0,0:44:47.38,0:44:51.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whole leaderless movement thing is not\Nworking. And you cannot actually change
Dialogue: 0,0:44:51.29,0:44:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anything about your behavior. There's\Nnobody who can tell these people that they
Dialogue: 0,0:44:53.70,0:44:57.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need to change their mind." But what\Nhappened afterwards is that you saw the
Dialogue: 0,0:44:57.02,0:45:01.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same thing that I was describing earlier.\NPeople saw that this was bad. And people
Dialogue: 0,0:45:01.23,0:45:04.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agreed that that was bad! So people were\Ngoing around and everyone kept encouraging
Dialogue: 0,0:45:04.59,0:45:09.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone else; "You need to be careful.\NDon't use violence. If you think someone
Dialogue: 0,0:45:09.64,0:45:13.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is an undercover cop, who's spying on you,\Nyou can't just beat that person up."
Dialogue: 0,0:45:13.13,0:45:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Afterwards, there was one scene where\Npeople ran into someone who they thought
Dialogue: 0,0:45:16.66,0:45:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was maybe a cop from mainland China. And\Nso instead of beating him up, they all
Dialogue: 0,0:45:20.50,0:45:30.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stood around him and started taking selfies\Nwith him. {\i1}cheerful laughter{\i0} In addition to that,
Dialogue: 0,0:45:30.44,0:45:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,increasingly you see people... pushing\Npeople, pulling people back. And so people
Dialogue: 0,0:45:37.21,0:45:42.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are saying, "Well, this is something you\Ncan't do, you can't attack this person."
Dialogue: 0,0:45:42.83,0:45:46.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if there's a person who's tempers may\Nbe running really high, often there will
Dialogue: 0,0:45:46.82,0:45:50.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be people around the person who say, "No,\Nwe're going to pull you back." People
Dialogue: 0,0:45:50.22,0:45:54.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tried to write guidelines. They said you\Nneed to be careful about journalists.
Dialogue: 0,0:45:54.17,0:45:57.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Don't accuse people of being fake\Njournalists, all these things. So was a
Dialogue: 0,0:45:57.24,0:46:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lot of like self correction and self\Ncontrol coming out of that moment. I
Dialogue: 0,0:46:01.71,0:46:04.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thought that was really interesting and\Nreally important because was one sign the
Dialogue: 0,0:46:04.35,0:46:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,course correction can happen even if you\Nhave thousands of people. But it requires
Dialogue: 0,0:46:09.16,0:46:13.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone to participate and requires\Npeople to be willing to essentially
Dialogue: 0,0:46:13.24,0:46:24.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interrogate the things that they had done\Nand also possibly admit mistakes. Strategy
Dialogue: 0,0:46:24.37,0:46:29.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,four: anonymity. Again, I think it may be\Nsomething that hackers can empathize with.
Dialogue: 0,0:46:29.93,0:46:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I know there is, as usual, a lot of talks\Nabout how to maintain your security and
Dialogue: 0,0:46:34.22,0:46:41.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,anonymity online. For people in Hong Kong,\Nthis has become incredibly important. The
Dialogue: 0,0:46:41.19,0:46:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing about feeling like your political\Nsystem is being eroded and all the
Dialogue: 0,0:46:44.73,0:46:49.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,securities and certainties and rights you\Nhad disappearing slowly is that you don't
Dialogue: 0,0:46:49.82,0:46:54.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know, months line has moved, so you don't\Nblow anymore. A lot of people I've spoken
Dialogue: 0,0:46:54.51,0:46:59.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to don't feel like they can speak\Npolitically anymore so they don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:46:59.14,0:47:01.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what the consequences are going to be.\NInstead, what people do is they start
Dialogue: 0,0:47:01.78,0:47:05.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,changing their names on their Facebook\Naccounts, for example, because something
Dialogue: 0,0:47:05.31,0:47:09.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they would have said openly like a\Nyear ago, they no longer dare to say under
Dialogue: 0,0:47:09.16,0:47:13.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own name. There are people who've\Nbeen fired probably for the things that
Dialogue: 0,0:47:13.11,0:47:20.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they said on Facebook, such as a person\Nwho was a union leader with a Hong Kong
Dialogue: 0,0:47:20.34,0:47:28.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,airline, Cathay Pacific. So, anonymity is\Nenforced both in person and online. Also,
Dialogue: 0,0:47:28.76,0:47:31.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again, through a lot of kind of like\Ncommunity control and people supporting
Dialogue: 0,0:47:31.93,0:47:36.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,each other and essentially enforcing these\Nrules with each other. Online it's very
Dialogue: 0,0:47:36.33,0:47:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,much a social rule. So if you're kind of\Nlike in a working group on Telegram and
Dialogue: 0,0:47:39.86,0:47:43.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are starting to chat kind of about\Npersonal stuff, then usually there will be
Dialogue: 0,0:47:43.37,0:47:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone who tells everyone else, no, get\Nback to work. Stop talking about that
Dialogue: 0,0:47:46.46,0:47:50.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stuff. You're disclosing too much about\Nyourself. One phrase that people keep
Dialogue: 0,0:47:50.49,0:47:55.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using is they say there are ghosts. So the\Noperational assumption is that in any
Dialogue: 0,0:47:55.55,0:47:58.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,group, there will be someone who is\Nlistening. So you especially in these
Dialogue: 0,0:47:58.22,0:48:03.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,bigger groups who cannot ever assume that\Nthere is no police in there. So you can do
Dialogue: 0,0:48:03.17,0:48:06.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your work, but assume that you're being\Nwatched while you're doing anything that
Dialogue: 0,0:48:06.69,0:48:12.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you're doing. Another thing that they're\Ndoing is that there are several channels
Dialogue: 0,0:48:12.04,0:48:18.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are dedicated to cybersecurity. And\Nthere is one channel, for example, that
Dialogue: 0,0:48:18.15,0:48:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started passing around, kind of like JPEGs\Nthat had instructions for how to
Dialogue: 0,0:48:21.42,0:48:25.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,set your telegram settings, because you\Nneed to assume that a lot of the people
Dialogue: 0,0:48:25.13,0:48:27.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who you're working with don't have a lot\Nof interest necessarily in technology and
Dialogue: 0,0:48:27.95,0:48:32.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe have the highest priority going out\Nto protest. And so it helps that there are
Dialogue: 0,0:48:32.05,0:48:35.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,easy rules, Right? So people send around\Nthese instructions that say you toggle
Dialogue: 0,0:48:35.67,0:48:40.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these things on your telegram settings,\Nmake sure that nobody can see your phone
Dialogue: 0,0:48:40.16,0:48:43.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,number who isn't already a contact of\Nyours or you change this thing and that
Dialogue: 0,0:48:43.53,0:48:48.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means that your account essentially self-\Ndestructs if you're inactive for seven
Dialogue: 0,0:48:48.00,0:48:51.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,days. And so in many ways, a lot of this\Nis about the social kind of the social
Dialogue: 0,0:48:51.69,0:48:56.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,enforcement and also breaking things down\Nand making them assess as accessible as
Dialogue: 0,0:48:56.10,0:49:01.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,possible. Another thing is that there's a\Ntelegram account that alerts people to
Dialogue: 0,0:49:01.01,0:49:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who have been arrested. And the\Noperational assumption is that if you've
Dialogue: 0,0:49:04.51,0:49:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been arrested, you're compromised. And so\Nit posts the names and the telegram
Dialogue: 0,0:49:08.77,0:49:12.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,handles the people who have been captured\Nby police and tells people delete this
Dialogue: 0,0:49:12.55,0:49:15.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,person's contact, like delete this person\Nfrom all of your chats like you cannot
Dialogue: 0,0:49:15.62,0:49:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also be compromised. So that's another way\Nthey're trying to kind of maintain that
Dialogue: 0,0:49:19.10,0:49:25.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very basic security. I don't know how well\Nthis is working, to be very honest. I
Dialogue: 0,0:49:25.70,0:49:28.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,haven't really heard any reports of people\Nwho have been arrested for stuff that
Dialogue: 0,0:49:28.35,0:49:33.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've done on telegram. But that might\Nalso just be that it hasn't been reported
Dialogue: 0,0:49:33.85,0:49:37.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or we don't know about this. It's also\Npossible that the police has been just
Dialogue: 0,0:49:37.21,0:49:41.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very busy mass arresting people at\Nprotests and that they have all this data
Dialogue: 0,0:49:41.89,0:49:46.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and they might be watching people. It\Nmight come back around to that later on.
Dialogue: 0,0:49:46.42,0:49:49.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sometimes people have actually been able\Nto identify the telegram handles or think
Dialogue: 0,0:49:49.24,0:49:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they've been able to identify the telegram\Nhandles of policemen, which led to several
Dialogue: 0,0:49:54.75,0:50:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people being kicked out of groups. But\Nagain, so the police is probably watching,
Dialogue: 0,0:50:00.65,0:50:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but we don't know how much information\Nthey have access to. In real life, you can
Dialogue: 0,0:50:06.47,0:50:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,see kind of on the lower right corner, the\Nusual outfit that people are wearing.
Dialogue: 0,0:50:11.60,0:50:16.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These are front liners who are tend to be\Nmore directly involved in clashes with the
Dialogue: 0,0:50:16.33,0:50:20.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police. That's the people who cover their\Nfaces with usually gas masks, sometimes
Dialogue: 0,0:50:20.40,0:50:24.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just simple surgical masks. They're\Nwearing goggles and hard hats to protect
Dialogue: 0,0:50:24.70,0:50:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against projectiles, pepper spray, water\Ncannons, tear gas, the things you
Dialogue: 0,0:50:31.14,0:50:35.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,encounter in the streets of Hong Kong\Nthese days. In addition to that, people
Dialogue: 0,0:50:35.36,0:50:40.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have all of these umbrellas which they use\Nto hide each other's identities. For
Dialogue: 0,0:50:40.65,0:50:43.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,example, if people are building a street\Nblockade, then you always have some people
Dialogue: 0,0:50:43.99,0:50:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are building who kind of like building\Nthe blockade. And there's other people who
Dialogue: 0,0:50:47.09,0:50:50.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are holding up umbrellas to prevent them\Nfrom being photographed, especially given
Dialogue: 0,0:50:50.47,0:50:55.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,how much covered the protests are. This is\Nespecially important because there are
Dialogue: 0,0:50:55.03,0:50:57.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reporters and media around all the time\Nand people want to make sure that they
Dialogue: 0,0:50:57.67,0:51:02.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't accidentally end up on camera while\Ncommitting what is probably a crime.
Dialogue: 0,0:51:02.88,0:51:08.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's other ways this is being used as\Nwell. For example, when people were
Dialogue: 0,0:51:08.64,0:51:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,destroying cameras in the metro stations\Nin some cases because people were very
Dialogue: 0,0:51:12.50,0:51:15.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,aware of the fact that they were being\Nfilmed by someone who they couldn't talk
Dialogue: 0,0:51:15.61,0:51:20.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to or people have asked individuals to\Ndelete pictures and videos when they've
Dialogue: 0,0:51:20.03,0:51:23.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seen them film them. But they've also\Ndestroyed essentially these cameras on the
Dialogue: 0,0:51:23.71,0:51:27.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,metro. And again, then you will have\Nsomeone kind of like cover you with an
Dialogue: 0,0:51:27.59,0:51:31.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,umbrella to avoid a person being filmed in\Nthe middle of essentially committing
Dialogue: 0,0:51:31.70,0:51:40.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vandalism. The other thing is that people\Nhave these, so this kind of uniform, what
Dialogue: 0,0:51:40.84,0:51:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can also see here, so people are\Nessentially is wearing black for the
Dialogue: 0,0:51:43.59,0:51:47.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protests, which also means that you have\Nno recognizable marks like on yourself,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:47.97,0:51:51.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like in the moment. And then when you kind\Nof practice to be water, if you hear
Dialogue: 0,0:51:51.37,0:51:56.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police is coming, you go into a side\Nstreet. And often there are people who are
Dialogue: 0,0:51:56.49,0:51:59.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not participating in the protests, like\Npersonally directly, but to, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:51:59.89,0:52:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,donate regular clothing. That's basically\Nclothes like any clothes that aren't
Dialogue: 0,0:52:05.00,0:52:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,black. This was particularly like in the\Nsummer when you had these mass protests,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:09.95,0:52:13.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like people would just bring T-shirts into\Nmetro stations. So people were often
Dialogue: 0,0:52:13.39,0:52:18.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,leaving with the last train. And so people\Nwere just rushed to metro stations. You
Dialogue: 0,0:52:18.07,0:52:21.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of like see people changing inside\Nstreets to make sure they get out of those
Dialogue: 0,0:52:21.20,0:52:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very recognizable black gear and to\Nessentially change into these clothes. So
Dialogue: 0,0:52:27.75,0:52:32.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,HongKongers have basically managed to\Nbuild the world's largest black block,
Dialogue: 0,0:52:32.20,0:52:38.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is another way of maintaining\Nanonymity.
Dialogue: 0,0:52:38.42,0:52:44.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Applause{\i0}\NThe government recognizes that this is a
Dialogue: 0,0:52:44.94,0:52:51.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,problem for them. And they tried in\NOctober to address this by implementing a
Dialogue: 0,0:52:51.00,0:52:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mask ban. So they're essentially like the\Nmask ban itself says that anyone who wears
Dialogue: 0,0:52:56.88,0:53:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a mask at a lawful rally or a march or an\Nunlawful or unauthorized assembly or
Dialogue: 0,0:53:01.92,0:53:06.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,during a riot. So even if you go to a\Npeaceful protest, but you cover your face,
Dialogue: 0,0:53:06.71,0:53:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can be sentenced up to one year in\Nprison simply for trying to hide your
Dialogue: 0,0:53:10.85,0:53:16.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,face. This is a law that was implemented\Nunder the emergency ordinance, which
Dialogue: 0,0:53:16.83,0:53:20.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essentially is kind of like a national\Nsecurity law that gives the government
Dialogue: 0,0:53:20.37,0:53:24.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sweeping powers in particular emergency\Nsituations. It is currently unclear to
Dialogue: 0,0:53:24.81,0:53:29.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what extent this is constitutional. So\Nthis mask ban has been challenged in court
Dialogue: 0,0:53:29.63,0:53:34.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multiple times and it's currently still\Nmaking its way through the courts. But
Dialogue: 0,0:53:34.76,0:53:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's also possible that basically Beijing\Nmight come in and say we have the ultimate
Dialogue: 0,0:53:39.35,0:53:43.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,right to interpret the Hong Kong basic\Nlaw. So we will say that this law has to
Dialogue: 0,0:53:43.18,0:53:46.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,be constitutional. So this is something\Nthat we just need to wait out. But I think
Dialogue: 0,0:53:46.59,0:53:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's a sign where we can see that the\Ngovernment wants to essentially limit
Dialogue: 0,0:53:51.70,0:53:54.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people's ability to maintain their\Nanonymity. And people were really pissed
Dialogue: 0,0:53:54.94,0:53:58.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at this. Like this was announced on a\NFriday, just kind of like during the
Dialogue: 0,0:53:58.31,0:54:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,workday. And after like in the afternoon,\Nonce people got off work, people went out
Dialogue: 0,0:54:03.42,0:54:07.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the streets like people were just like\Nturning up, like schoolchildren in the
Dialogue: 0,0:54:07.55,0:54:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,school uniforms, people in their office\Nclothing. Just everyone put on a mask and
Dialogue: 0,0:54:11.12,0:54:14.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was like, we want to keep this right,\Nbecause that day at midnight, the mask ban
Dialogue: 0,0:54:14.85,0:54:18.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was supposed to be implemented. So you had\Nless than 24 hours notice and it went into
Dialogue: 0,0:54:18.58,0:54:31.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,force the next day. Strategy five:\NDivision of Labor. This, again, is
Dialogue: 0,0:54:31.16,0:54:34.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that I think is very interesting\Nand uniquely Hong Kong, very uniquely Hong
Dialogue: 0,0:54:34.62,0:54:39.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kong, like the be water strategy. So there\Nis this idea climbing the hill in
Dialogue: 0,0:54:39.57,0:54:45.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different ways. This is again a lesson\Nthat people learn from through 2014,
Dialogue: 0,0:54:45.27,0:54:49.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because post 2014 and also in 2014 itself,\None of the biggest weaknesses of the pro-
Dialogue: 0,0:54:49.75,0:54:53.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,democracy movement was that there was a\Nlot of internal division. People really
Dialogue: 0,0:54:53.97,0:54:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,disagreed over tactics and there were\Nfights over who was leading the movement
Dialogue: 0,0:54:59.04,0:55:03.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who should be listened to and what the\Nright strategy was. People have now kind
Dialogue: 0,0:55:03.64,0:55:08.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of come to the opposite extreme. But\Npeople are saying whatever you do,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:08.30,0:55:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone is climbing the mountains.\NEveryone's trying to get to the top and
Dialogue: 0,0:55:10.77,0:55:14.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone's using their own ways of getting\Nthere. And everyone's using their own
Dialogue: 0,0:55:14.63,0:55:21.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their own path, essentially. Hence the\Nmountain imagery. I think one example that
Dialogue: 0,0:55:21.85,0:55:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really illustrates this very clearly was a\Nperson who's kind of like middle aged and
Dialogue: 0,0:55:26.85,0:55:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,works in the finance industry in Hong\NKong. So they're very well off, have
Dialogue: 0,0:55:30.45,0:55:34.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,profited from the system as it exists and\Nbut also support the protests. And they
Dialogue: 0,0:55:34.80,0:55:38.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said I did not get involved in the\Nprotesters destructive actions and I would
Dialogue: 0,0:55:38.49,0:55:42.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,never. But I will try my best to give them\Nmore support and delivering materials,
Dialogue: 0,0:55:42.69,0:55:48.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,donations and my presence. So you can see\Nthat there's a very clear differentiation
Dialogue: 0,0:55:48.25,0:55:52.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,between the goal that people have and kind\Nof like the methods, like there's a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:55:52.54,0:55:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who say, I disagree with those\Nmethods, but essentially I will not
Dialogue: 0,0:55:55.47,0:56:01.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,undermine people who are working towards\Nour same goal – the five demands – in
Dialogue: 0,0:56:01.09,0:56:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different ways. This is also something\Nthat's notable because in 2016, violence
Dialogue: 0,0:56:07.22,0:56:12.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was something that was condemned. I cannot\Nspeak to that many other contexts but for
Dialogue: 0,0:56:12.37,0:56:15.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,example, in the US, where I study, and\Nsimilarly in Germany, once protesters use
Dialogue: 0,0:56:15.71,0:56:19.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,violence, even if it is just destruction\Nof things, often there is a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:56:19.71,0:56:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,pushback and people say that has\Ndelegitimized you. This is something that
Dialogue: 0,0:56:23.41,0:56:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is not really working that well in Hong\NKong anymore. So there are clearly people
Dialogue: 0,0:56:27.18,0:56:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who disagree with vandalism and also there\Npeople who are against the protesters
Dialogue: 0,0:56:30.92,0:56:35.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because of vandalism, that's very clear.\NBased on the polls, I would say maybe 30,
Dialogue: 0,0:56:35.30,0:56:39.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,40 percent, but I'd have to check the\Nexact numbers. But there are a lot of
Dialogue: 0,0:56:39.12,0:56:42.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people who say, even if I disagree with\Nyou, I will still support you, because our
Dialogue: 0,0:56:42.53,0:56:56.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,overall goal is what is most important. {\i1}Applause{\i0}\NI want to give two examples quickly of how
Dialogue: 0,0:56:56.48,0:57:03.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this can work. So one example of this is\Nthat people have gained an increasing
Dialogue: 0,0:57:03.12,0:57:06.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economic understanding of how politics\Nworks. So rather than saying we just want
Dialogue: 0,0:57:06.47,0:57:11.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to change laws, there also say we need to\Nattack, for example, and we need to hold
Dialogue: 0,0:57:11.59,0:57:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,accountable companies that are supporting\Nthe government and we need to make people
Dialogue: 0,0:57:18.05,0:57:24.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and government supporting companies make\Nfeel the pain for essentially their
Dialogue: 0,0:57:24.18,0:57:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political support for them. So people have\Nstarted boycotting stores that don't
Dialogue: 0,0:57:28.31,0:57:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,support the protests. And again, this is\Nsomething that is all collected online
Dialogue: 0,0:57:31.42,0:57:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where you have these incredible resources,\Nwhere you have entire maps. So, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:57:36.12,0:57:38.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can make these custom Google Maps. So\Nthere's custom Google Maps that tell you
Dialogue: 0,0:57:38.79,0:57:44.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which stores in Hong Kong support the\Nprotests. And there's entire lists for
Dialogue: 0,0:57:44.14,0:57:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,different sectors where, for example, like\Nfor food, it says these stores are for us
Dialogue: 0,0:57:47.60,0:57:52.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and these stores are against us. And one\Nof the people I spoke to was incredibly
Dialogue: 0,0:57:52.26,0:57:57.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amazed at this. They're almost 40 years\Nold. They've lived in Hong Kong for a long
Dialogue: 0,0:57:57.03,0:58:02.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time and were often very frustrated with\Nhow unpolitical the city was. But they
Dialogue: 0,0:58:02.47,0:58:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said now it's the exact opposite and\Neverything has become political. So they
Dialogue: 0,0:58:06.04,0:58:08.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said wherever you get your lunch, where\Nyou get your coffee, even what kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:58:08.10,0:58:11.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public transport you take, everything is\Nnow political and everything you use to
Dialogue: 0,0:58:11.58,0:58:16.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,show which political side you're on. And\Nthe idea is really to essentially hurt
Dialogue: 0,0:58:16.15,0:58:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stores that much that it becomes unviable\Nto be against the protest movement
Dialogue: 0,0:58:19.91,0:58:26.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,economically. Some people also use the\Nlists for essentially vandalism against
Dialogue: 0,0:58:26.89,0:58:30.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stores. This is special. Been seen with,\Nfor example, Starbucks because the people
Dialogue: 0,0:58:30.39,0:58:34.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who own the Starbucks franchise in Hong\NKong have very vocally opposed the
Dialogue: 0,0:58:34.19,0:58:38.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protests. And so in some cases, that means\Nalso hurting them financially by throwing
Dialogue: 0,0:58:38.21,0:58:51.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in windows. {\i1}Applause{\i0} Another example was the\Nsame person who I spoke to had by the time I
Dialogue: 0,0:58:51.09,0:58:54.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,spoke to them a couple of weeks ago,\Nstopped going out to protests. And this
Dialogue: 0,0:58:54.97,0:58:59.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really surprised me because I met them\Nduring the protests in 2014. And I thought
Dialogue: 0,0:58:59.60,0:59:03.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if there was one person who's middle aged\Nand who would still go out, then that's
Dialogue: 0,0:59:03.23,0:59:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you – in terms of the people who I know –\Nbut they were like, well, I decided that I
Dialogue: 0,0:59:07.03,0:59:10.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have different skills and that my design\Nskills are something that I can use better
Dialogue: 0,0:59:10.75,0:59:14.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in a different place. And so because at\Nthe time, people were already working
Dialogue: 0,0:59:14.48,0:59:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,towards the district council elections and\Nthey were still working, I don't know
Dialogue: 0,0:59:18.00,0:59:22.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what, like 60 hour weeks or something\Ncrazy. But they decided that they would
Dialogue: 0,0:59:22.04,0:59:25.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,start working with a campaign for one of\Nthe local, for one of the people who was a
Dialogue: 0,0:59:25.50,0:59:28.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,candidate for the district council, who\Nwas a person who had never been in
Dialogue: 0,0:59:28.71,0:59:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politics before. And this interview was\Nlike, well, I can help this person. I'm
Dialogue: 0,0:59:34.03,0:59:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to be able to help them get elected.\NAnd so they went, essentially did social
Dialogue: 0,0:59:37.27,0:59:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,media and like a lot of campaigning or\Ndesigning for them. And that's kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:59:41.44,0:59:44.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a good sign. I think that's a good\Nexample for the different types of effort
Dialogue: 0,0:59:44.73,0:59:50.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that went into that district council\Nelection victory as well. Right. So
Dialogue: 0,0:59:50.14,0:59:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's all these people who made a choice\Nthat this is something that they care
Dialogue: 0,0:59:51.14,0:59:55.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about and that again, they're all climbing\Nthe mountain in different ways. And these
Dialogue: 0,0:59:55.79,1:00:00.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people decided that their way is\Nsupporting local politicians to get
Dialogue: 0,1:00:00.02,1:00:09.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,elected into the district councils. The\Nother thing is that this division of labor
Dialogue: 0,1:00:09.59,1:00:12.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't only happen in kind of like in\Nterms of what you choose that you're
Dialogue: 0,1:00:12.36,1:00:19.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing, but that's also an incredibly\Nsophisticated and very well defined
Dialogue: 0,1:00:19.28,1:00:22.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,division of labor. So this is kind of like\Na representation of kind of what the
Dialogue: 0,1:00:22.54,1:00:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,movement is supposed to be like. So\Nthere's this idea that like we're all Hong
Dialogue: 0,1:00:25.99,1:00:28.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kongers and we're all part of this\Nmovement and it doesn't matter what we're
Dialogue: 0,1:00:28.31,1:00:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doing, we're all part of the same thing.\NAnd so that's kind of like a diversity
Dialogue: 0,1:00:31.21,1:00:35.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that gets represented a lot. And that kind\Nof appears in a lot of protest art as
Dialogue: 0,1:00:35.38,1:00:42.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well. The most distinctive group that\Nyou've definitely seen are frontliners. So
Dialogue: 0,1:00:42.13,1:00:45.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this is these are people who wear kind of\Nlike the most recognizable uniform,
Dialogue: 0,1:00:45.65,1:00:49.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're all in black so they cannot be\Nidentified, they wear gas masks to protect
Dialogue: 0,1:00:49.49,1:00:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,themselves against pepper spray and tear\Ngas, goggles for the same reason, hard
Dialogue: 0,1:00:53.94,1:01:01.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hats, they often have gloves to be able to\Ngrab teargas canisters that are being
Dialogue: 0,1:01:01.68,1:01:07.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thrown at them. In some cases, they have\Nwater bottles to extinguish the tear gas
Dialogue: 0,1:01:07.32,1:01:12.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,canisters to essentially avoid being\Naffected by the tear gas itself. And this
Dialogue: 0,1:01:12.50,1:01:16.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is kind of like how you signal that\Nyou're, sometimes they're called the
Dialogue: 0,1:01:16.14,1:01:19.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Braves, but essentially, this is about as\Nradical as you can look as part of the
Dialogue: 0,1:01:19.93,1:01:22.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hong Kong protest movement. These are the\Npeople who are going to be in clashes with
Dialogue: 0,1:01:22.46,1:01:26.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police. You can see that one of them is\Nabout to probably grab a brick. But these
Dialogue: 0,1:01:26.73,1:01:37.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are frontliners. One particular type of\Nfront liner are the – I'm missing the
Dialogue: 0,1:01:37.08,1:01:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,English word right now – basically there's\Nthe people are supposed to extinguish
Dialogue: 0,1:01:41.70,1:01:49.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fires usually. Firefighters, yes. Sorry.\NFirefighters, except instead of fighting
Dialogue: 0,1:01:49.27,1:01:54.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fire, they're fighting teargas and so on\Nthe right, you can see someone from an
Dialogue: 0,1:01:54.70,1:01:59.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incredibly iconic scene where someone used\Nlike a metal tin that they usually use to
Dialogue: 0,1:01:59.04,1:02:03.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,steam fish and he like he extinguished the\Nteargas with water and then put the metal
Dialogue: 0,1:02:03.49,1:02:07.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tin just on the teargas. And people were\Nmaking fun for like how protest ready
Dialogue: 0,1:02:07.62,1:02:14.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are just by having your regular\NChinese kitchen. On the left this is a
Dialogue: 0,1:02:14.74,1:02:18.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reference to a strategy that people have\Nbeen using and where essentially they put
Dialogue: 0,1:02:18.18,1:02:23.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a traffic cone on a tear gas canister the\Nmoment like they find it. And so one
Dialogue: 0,1:02:23.27,1:02:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,person holds the traffic cone. One person\Nputs water in at the top to extinguish the
Dialogue: 0,1:02:27.60,1:02:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tear gas. And then some cases, people also\Nput it into plastic bags that are full
Dialogue: 0,1:02:31.42,1:02:35.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with water twisting or tear gas and in\Nsome cases, throw it back at the police.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:35.61,1:02:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I think I have a video of this\Nhappening, actually.
Dialogue: 0,1:02:38.85,1:03:15.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}Video playing{\i0}\NIt's also you can see they didn't do this
Dialogue: 0,1:03:15.68,1:03:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the first time, right? So they've been\Ndoing this for a while. It's sad in many
Dialogue: 0,1:03:22.87,1:03:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ways that these are young people who have\Nto do that and who feel that it's like a
Dialogue: 0,1:03:26.20,1:03:29.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing that they need to do to be able to\Nbe heard. But it's also something that was
Dialogue: 0,1:03:29.54,1:03:33.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a video out of Chile a couple of weeks ago\Nwhere essentially Chilean protesters were
Dialogue: 0,1:03:33.30,1:03:36.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,using a similar strategy to extinguish\Ntear gas. And someone who was apparently
Dialogue: 0,1:03:36.61,1:03:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from Chile posted it somewhere saying,\Nthank you, Hong Kong. So they clearly
Dialogue: 0,1:03:40.14,1:03:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's been some like, oh, let's see how\Nwe can adopt these strategies for what's
Dialogue: 0,1:03:43.64,1:03:47.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,happening in Chile itself, which I think\Nis an important thing to look at as well,
Dialogue: 0,1:03:47.45,1:03:50.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because in some ways, Hong Kongers have\Nlearned from other places but also now
Dialogue: 0,1:03:50.77,1:03:53.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are looking at Hong Kong and\Nlooking at these strategies and adopting
Dialogue: 0,1:03:53.26,1:04:00.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them in other instances. Another important\Ngroup are peaceful protesters. I am very
Dialogue: 0,1:04:00.13,1:04:02.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thankful that someone memed all of them,\Nall of the important group, so I have
Dialogue: 0,1:04:02.93,1:04:06.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these like standard images that I can use.\NAnd this is really the only thing that you
Dialogue: 0,1:04:06.46,1:04:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,kind of like need for a peaceful\Nprotester. You just need a surgical mask,
Dialogue: 0,1:04:10.44,1:04:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe a hat to protect your identity a bit\Nmore. And that's it. You just need to go
Dialogue: 0,1:04:15.29,1:04:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out in the street. These are the people\Nwho frontliners in many ways feel like
Dialogue: 0,1:04:18.56,1:04:23.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're defending. When I was talking to a\Nfew people who are still in high school
Dialogue: 0,1:04:23.50,1:04:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and who essentially are frontliners and\Nwho've been in clashes with the police
Dialogue: 0,1:04:26.99,1:04:30.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,directly and when I asked them why they're\Ndoing it, they're saying I don't even know
Dialogue: 0,1:04:30.26,1:04:34.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whether we can get our political aims, but\Nthe very least I can do is I can be one
Dialogue: 0,1:04:34.82,1:04:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more person who is there and when the\Npolice advances, I'm going to be one more
Dialogue: 0,1:04:38.02,1:04:40.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,person who can make sure that the police\Ndoesn't get to the peaceful protesters
Dialogue: 0,1:04:40.90,1:04:44.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,behind me, because they're not equipped to\Ndeal with teargas and they're not equipped
Dialogue: 0,1:04:44.41,1:04:48.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to deal with that pepper spray. So I will\Nbe here and I will give them enough time
Dialogue: 0,1:04:48.35,1:05:02.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they can retreat and go home. But\Nthere's a lot of kind of like lionization
Dialogue: 0,1:05:02.02,1:05:05.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of frontliners because they're kind of\Nlike the heroes of the movement, they're
Dialogue: 0,1:05:05.46,1:05:09.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,flashy heroes. But also everyone knows\Nthat the movement is not going to succeed
Dialogue: 0,1:05:09.74,1:05:15.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in any way, it wasn't be able to keep\Ngoing because just of frontliners, right.
Dialogue: 0,1:05:15.13,1:05:19.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So peaceful protesters are essentially the\Nheart of the movement as well, the people
Dialogue: 0,1:05:19.04,1:05:23.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who keep coming out in numbers. So there's\Na lot of reminders that we all need to
Dialogue: 0,1:05:23.39,1:05:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,work together. This is kind of this idea,\Nwe cannot be divided. So it goes back to
Dialogue: 0,1:05:27.85,1:05:31.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this idea: we all climb the mountain in\Ndifferent ways, right. So we are all
Dialogue: 0,1:05:31.31,1:05:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important. And in both of these kind of\Nlike pieces of art you can see now, right,
Dialogue: 0,1:05:35.54,1:05:38.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can see the recognizable frontliner on\Nthe left in both cases because he has the
Dialogue: 0,1:05:38.63,1:05:42.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hard hat and a bit more gear is kind of\Nlike ready to get into a fight with the
Dialogue: 0,1:05:42.63,1:05:46.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police. But next to the frontliner you in\Nboth cases have someone who just put on a
Dialogue: 0,1:05:46.40,1:05:50.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mask, maybe came straight from the office,\Nmaybe straight from school. And those
Dialogue: 0,1:05:50.71,1:05:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are working together because if\Nonly if you had only one of those, you
Dialogue: 0,1:05:53.77,1:06:05.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably wouldn't be able to keep going\Nfor half a year. {\i1}Applause{\i0} Another group that I
Dialogue: 0,1:06:05.29,1:06:11.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think is really interesting is logistics,\Nbecause people have now adopted all all
Dialogue: 0,1:06:11.52,1:06:14.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these strategies to how they can kind of\Nlike deal with the things that police is
Dialogue: 0,1:06:14.18,1:06:19.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,throwing at them. So a year ago or even\Ncouple of months ago, teargas was still
Dialogue: 0,1:06:19.26,1:06:23.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,something that kind of like made people\Nleave and made people go away. A water
Dialogue: 0,1:06:23.80,1:06:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cannon would scare people away, but people\Nhave really adapted and teargas doesn't do
Dialogue: 0,1:06:26.83,1:06:31.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that much in Hong Kong anymore, to be very\Nhonest. One person who's 19 and who I talk
Dialogue: 0,1:06:31.99,1:06:34.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to and was like, doesn't the teargas\Nstink. And they were like, well, the first
Dialogue: 0,1:06:34.67,1:06:44.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time, yes, but then you get used to it and\Nyou just keep going. And to do that, you
Dialogue: 0,1:06:44.76,1:06:47.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,need kind of all this gear, right? Like,\Nyou need to be equipped. You need to have
Dialogue: 0,1:06:47.96,1:06:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hardhats. You need to have all these\Numbrellas. And so there are people kind of
Dialogue: 0,1:06:50.96,1:06:53.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like in the background for collecting\Nmaterial near a big protest sites where
Dialogue: 0,1:06:53.35,1:06:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they know there will be protests and then\Nthey're carrying them, kind of like in
Dialogue: 0,1:06:56.22,1:07:01.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cartons. In some cases, they're collecting\Ndifferent types of shields. And so when it
Dialogue: 0,1:07:01.06,1:07:04.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,comes to a clash with the police, they\Nmake sure that stuff gets passed on to the
Dialogue: 0,1:07:04.00,1:07:07.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,front lines. I didn't include it in the\Npresentation, but there's incredible
Dialogue: 0,1:07:07.03,1:07:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,videos of, in some cases, maybe a\Nkilometer long human chain where you just
Dialogue: 0,1:07:11.29,1:07:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have like tons of peaceful protesters,\Nlike passing things on to make sure that
Dialogue: 0,1:07:15.39,1:07:18.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things get to the people who were in the\Nclash with the police. And logistics are
Dialogue: 0,1:07:18.65,1:07:21.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people who make sure that the stuff is\Naround. It is kind of like at these
Dialogue: 0,1:07:21.01,1:07:25.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,collection points and is then given to the\Npeople who really need it. It's also, one
Dialogue: 0,1:07:25.99,1:07:29.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,person I spoke to who does a lot of\Nlogistics said I am not someone who would
Dialogue: 0,1:07:29.91,1:07:34.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fight with the police in this movement,\Nbut I still want to give some help. And so
Dialogue: 0,1:07:34.16,1:07:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I decided to manage resources such as\Nmedical resources or protest gear. And so
Dialogue: 0,1:07:38.87,1:07:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,medical resources, for example, might be\Nlike saline solution, which you can use to
Dialogue: 0,1:07:41.59,1:07:46.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wash people's eyes out if they have been\Naffected by pepper spray or teargas. And
Dialogue: 0,1:07:46.86,1:07:50.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so this is someone who said, I am not a\Nfrontliner and I'm not going to be part of
Dialogue: 0,1:07:50.41,1:07:55.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that. But I will be right there. I think\Nthese people are doing important work. I'm
Dialogue: 0,1:07:55.93,1:07:59.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to do exactly what I can within my\Npower to make sure that they have what
Dialogue: 0,1:07:59.73,1:08:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they need. {\i1}Applause{\i0} First aiders are incredibly\Nimportant in the movement as well, because
Dialogue: 0,1:08:12.44,1:08:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people have started to mistrust hospitals\Na lot, because people are worried that the
Dialogue: 0,1:08:16.74,1:08:20.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government might go and get their hospital\Nrecords. So if they get injured as part of
Dialogue: 0,1:08:20.79,1:08:25.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a clash with police, that might include\Ngetting beaten up by police. There've been
Dialogue: 0,1:08:25.16,1:08:28.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people, there was one person who was shot\Nin the chest and who tried to run from the
Dialogue: 0,1:08:28.52,1:08:33.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police, almost succeeded, but then was\Narrested. But so if someone like that
Dialogue: 0,1:08:33.55,1:08:39.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't trust the hospitals, doesn't go to\Na hospital, first aiders are the ones who
Dialogue: 0,1:08:39.11,1:08:42.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are going to treat those injuries. So\Nthese people are around and are visibly
Dialogue: 0,1:08:42.73,1:08:47.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,marked as first aiders and make sure that\Npeople get as much medical treatment as
Dialogue: 0,1:08:47.73,1:08:52.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they need to the extent that they're able\Nto. There was one incredibly hard
Dialogue: 0,1:08:52.40,1:08:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,situation for them, I think in November,\Nwhen people were occupying the Chinese
Dialogue: 0,1:08:56.25,1:08:59.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,University of Hong Kong. And there was a\Nreal battle where you basically had a
Dialogue: 0,1:08:59.55,1:09:04.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,front line, like you kind of see it in\Nlike movies where someone is trying to
Dialogue: 0,1:09:04.95,1:09:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,take in a castle or something like that,\Nright. So the real battle line where
Dialogue: 0,1:09:07.79,1:09:11.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people kept getting hit and injured and\Nfirst aiders kept running in and out,
Dialogue: 0,1:09:11.96,1:09:15.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,grabbing people and carrying them to a big\Nsports field that was just full of injured
Dialogue: 0,1:09:15.03,1:09:23.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people where they were treating all of\Nthem. And all of these are volunteers.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:23.77,1:09:30.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}\NThere's more people in the background, and
Dialogue: 0,1:09:30.81,1:09:34.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I could keep going about this, my friends\Nwill be able to attest to the fact that I
Dialogue: 0,1:09:34.60,1:09:40.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can talk about this for an hour or longer.\NI think one other group of people that I
Dialogue: 0,1:09:40.27,1:09:44.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,wanted to quickly talk about are the\Npeople who drive like the school buses.
Dialogue: 0,1:09:44.50,1:09:50.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,School buses are code for cars that go to\Nprotest sites and pick people up. So for
Dialogue: 0,1:09:50.41,1:09:55.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,example, when the people were stuck, or\Npeople were stuck at the airport, you
Dialogue: 0,1:09:55.45,1:09:58.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could see that literally thousands of\NHongkongers grab their own cars and just
Dialogue: 0,1:09:58.95,1:10:03.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drove out and said we will pick people up.\NAnd so they post on Telegram and they say,
Dialogue: 0,1:10:03.27,1:10:07.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hey, I'm a parent, I'm going to pick up my\Nchildren. I have space for three people
Dialogue: 0,1:10:07.79,1:10:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}laughs{\i0} And then there's even there's\Nalso code for. So this why used that image
Dialogue: 0,1:10:13.41,1:10:17.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cause it's like the parents taking care of\Nthe kids. It's a very, very wholesome
Dialogue: 0,1:10:17.75,1:10:23.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imagery. And they have this, this code\Nessentially where they're saying: if you
Dialogue: 0,1:10:23.87,1:10:29.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say that you have stationery in your car,\Nthat means that you have clothes to change
Dialogue: 0,1:10:29.02,1:10:31.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in. So if someone is wearing all black you\Nhave some other clothes that they can
Dialogue: 0,1:10:31.64,1:10:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,change in. And so there's entire telegram\Nchannels where just every post is just
Dialogue: 0,1:10:36.14,1:10:39.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone going from A to B. It says when\Nthey're leaving, it says how much space
Dialogue: 0,1:10:39.16,1:10:46.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have. It also often says if there's a\Nfemale driver so people can feel safe. And
Dialogue: 0,1:10:46.12,1:10:49.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make sure that you don't get accidently\Npicked up by undercover cops people are
Dialogue: 0,1:10:49.16,1:10:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maintaining an inofficial database of cars\Nthat they've identified to undercover cop
Dialogue: 0,1:10:53.54,1:10:58.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cars. And so there's a telegram bot. And\Nif you like, so these posters, once you
Dialogue: 0,1:10:58.33,1:11:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have someone's license plate, you go to\Nthe bot and you're like, is this a cop and
Dialogue: 0,1:11:01.98,1:11:13.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the bot will tell you yes or no.\N{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,1:11:13.34,1:11:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In addition to that you have thousands,\Ncountless working groups where people are
Dialogue: 0,1:11:19.54,1:11:24.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,just kind of working around the clock.\NThis is an example of a PR translation
Dialogue: 0,1:11:24.60,1:11:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,working group that basically translated\Nthis particular poster from originally
Dialogue: 0,1:11:32.37,1:11:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chinese into a bunch of languages, one of\Nthem is German on the left, another is
Dialogue: 0,1:11:35.59,1:11:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Korean on the right. And it says: Hong Kong\Nis facing a humanitarian crisis. What I
Dialogue: 0,1:11:40.87,1:11:43.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think is interesting about this is that\Nsome of these groups are basically working
Dialogue: 0,1:11:43.47,1:11:48.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,around the clock. So something happens in\NHong Kong during the day, by evening often
Dialogue: 0,1:11:48.85,1:11:52.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest art comes out that kind of like is\Nreframing an incident or is trying to
Dialogue: 0,1:11:52.30,1:11:56.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,explain what purchases did if they feel\Nlike they need to explain themselves. And
Dialogue: 0,1:11:56.91,1:12:01.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then when Hongkongers sleep, people who\Nlive in Europe, but who many cases are
Dialogue: 0,1:12:01.43,1:12:05.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,still from Hong Kong and people who live\Nin the United States work through their
Dialogue: 0,1:12:05.12,1:12:11.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,evenings and through their mornings. So by\Nthe time Hongkongers wake up, they often
Dialogue: 0,1:12:11.50,1:12:15.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can have these messages in different\Nlanguages. And so this happened doing the
Dialogue: 0,1:12:15.08,1:12:19.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,airport protest, where on the 13th of the\Nmorning, people just woke up and had
Dialogue: 0,1:12:19.53,1:12:22.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,posters in like ten different languages\Nthat explain what was happened in Hong
Dialogue: 0,1:12:22.84,1:12:30.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Kong, printed them and went to the airport\Nstraight away at 8:00 a.m..
Dialogue: 0,1:12:30.92,1:12:34.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}\NI want to share one more story, because I
Dialogue: 0,1:12:34.81,1:12:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think this is really one of the most gut\Nwrenching examples of what people have
Dialogue: 0,1:12:40.14,1:12:43.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,been able to achieve just by cooperating\Nand also by being completely anonymous
Dialogue: 0,1:12:43.91,1:12:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,together, where during the Pope, Poly,\Nduring the siege at the Polytechnic
Dialogue: 0,1:12:50.31,1:12:53.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,University, Hong Kong. So when hundreds of\Npeople were stuck on that university and
Dialogue: 0,1:12:53.16,1:12:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,didn't want to go out. Suzanne Sataline\Nreported for Quartz that there was at
Dialogue: 0,1:12:58.54,1:13:02.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,least one person and probably more who\Nmanaged to get out from the university
Dialogue: 0,1:13:02.00,1:13:05.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,through the sewers. So this person went\Ndown into the sewers, wading through
Dialogue: 0,1:13:05.68,1:13:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably knee, like kind of chest high\Nwaste water, in the dark, not knowing
Dialogue: 0,1:13:10.51,1:13:13.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they were going. And then actually\Nwere able to escape the university that
Dialogue: 0,1:13:13.70,1:13:18.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,way. Because they were talking to people\Non telegram who had dug up maps of the
Dialogue: 0,1:13:18.73,1:13:22.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hong Kong sewage system and like directed\Nthis person, they were telling them, this
Dialogue: 0,1:13:22.18,1:13:27.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is where you go. You hit kind of like, you\Nhit like a crossroads and then you take a
Dialogue: 0,1:13:27.31,1:13:30.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,left, like this is where you take a right.\NAnd then the last moment they actually,
Dialogue: 0,1:13:30.70,1:13:33.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the plans were changed. And so they were\Ntold, you cannot go to the exit we
Dialogue: 0,1:13:33.79,1:13:38.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,initially told you because we've seen\Npolice there. Right? Telegram channels,
Dialogue: 0,1:13:38.23,1:13:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,again, like all of this comes back\Ntogether. And so they're watching police
Dialogue: 0,1:13:40.75,1:13:43.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,moving in that you can't go there. There's\Npolice there. Instead, we need to send you
Dialogue: 0,1:13:43.75,1:13:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to a different exit. So he goes to that\Nexit and there's someone there waiting for
Dialogue: 0,1:13:47.25,1:13:53.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,him who lifts, who lifts the lid, lets him\Nout of the fucking sewage system. And then
Dialogue: 0,1:13:53.54,1:13:57.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's people waiting for them there, a\N"school bus" who grabs them and takes them
Dialogue: 0,1:13:57.10,1:14:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somewhere else. And that's how he got out\Nof the university. And he still doesn't
Dialogue: 0,1:14:00.71,1:14:10.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know any of those people. They're all\Nstill strangers.
Dialogue: 0,1:14:10.71,1:14:16.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}\NThe strategy number 6, that I think is
Dialogue: 0,1:14:16.31,1:14:20.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important, are counter narratives. So the\NHong Kong government and the Beijing
Dialogue: 0,1:14:20.00,1:14:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government have a very clear framing for\Nwhat how they want to frame the entire
Dialogue: 0,1:14:23.66,1:14:27.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest, right. So they want to say these\Nare vandals, these are rioters, they have
Dialogue: 0,1:14:27.00,1:14:30.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no legitimate demands, they just want to\Ndestroy things, nothing about them is
Dialogue: 0,1:14:30.80,1:14:36.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,legitimate, or democratic, or politically\Njustified in any way. People realize that
Dialogue: 0,1:14:36.09,1:14:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe memes are nice, but memes are maybe\Nnot enough. So part of the movement,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:41.37,1:14:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually Kim, started creating a citizen's\Npress conference where people anonymously
Dialogue: 0,1:14:47.94,1:14:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically hold a press conference. And you\Ncan see that press is coming there, right,
Dialogue: 0,1:14:50.95,1:14:55.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because you have all the official mics.\NAnd so all these new media outlets
Dialogue: 0,1:14:55.13,1:14:59.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actually going there and talking to them.\NIn the background you have someone who's
Dialogue: 0,1:14:59.33,1:15:02.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interpreting this into sign language.\NBecause they essentially know we need to,
Dialogue: 0,1:15:02.75,1:15:06.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at least somehow, try to get control of\Nthe narrative again ourselves to make sure
Dialogue: 0,1:15:06.79,1:15:15.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's not just a government who gets to\Ndefine what is happening. The last
Dialogue: 0,1:15:15.20,1:15:19.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,strategy that I want to talk about is\Nrelated to both counter narratives, but
Dialogue: 0,1:15:19.91,1:15:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also to organizing and mobilizing, which\Nis the last thing that I want to talk
Dialogue: 0,1:15:23.37,1:15:28.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about. So as an introduction to that, I\Nwant to show you a video that in many ways
Dialogue: 0,1:15:28.58,1:15:33.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think demonstrates some of the capacity\Nthat people have been able to build. What
Dialogue: 0,1:15:33.11,1:15:39.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm going to show you is a protest\Nanthem called Glory for Hong Kong. As I
Dialogue: 0,1:15:39.15,1:15:41.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,said earlier, Hong Kong was a city that\Nwas first under colonial rule by the
Dialogue: 0,1:15:41.98,1:15:48.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,British and is now under rule by China\Nwithout people really getting a choice at
Dialogue: 0,1:15:48.08,1:15:53.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,any point. And so in early September\Npeople crowdsourced an anthem for the city
Dialogue: 0,1:15:53.79,1:15:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,online and someone composed it and\Npublished it on September 11th. And
Dialogue: 0,1:15:58.90,1:16:39.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,several days later someone had arranged\Nfor an orchestra. And right after that
Dialogue: 0,1:16:39.94,1:18:05.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this video went online.\N{\i1}Video plays (orchestra/choir){\i0}{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,1:18:05.41,1:18:09.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I think everyone who is interested in the\Nmeaning of that song, I would recommend
Dialogue: 0,1:18:09.25,1:18:12.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that you go and read Vivienne Chow's\Narticle about it in The New York Times
Dialogue: 0,1:18:12.42,1:18:16.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she wrote from a musical and\Ncultural perspective about what it meant
Dialogue: 0,1:18:16.73,1:18:20.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for her to have grown up in a city where\Nthere was never a song that she identified
Dialogue: 0,1:18:20.02,1:18:23.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with. And for this to be the first time,\Nthat was kind of like an anthem for what
Dialogue: 0,1:18:23.00,1:18:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she considers her home. So I would\Nrecommend you all go and read that. In the
Dialogue: 0,1:18:30.23,1:18:32.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long term a lot of the strategies that\NI've talked about have been able to
Dialogue: 0,1:18:32.47,1:18:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sustain the movement and have been able to\Nhelp people and individuals avoid arrest
Dialogue: 0,1:18:36.27,1:18:40.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the short term. But the question is how\Nsustainable this entire movement is in the
Dialogue: 0,1:18:40.43,1:18:46.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,long run. I think the orchestra it's like\Na fun, they call themselves Black
Dialogue: 0,1:18:46.70,1:18:53.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Blorchestra, by the way. It's a fun\Nexample of how people can just get tons of
Dialogue: 0,1:18:53.14,1:18:56.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people together and suddenly come up with\Nan entire orchestra and fund that entire
Dialogue: 0,1:18:56.47,1:19:00.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thing with like pretty good production\Nvalue, I just downloaded a shitty version.
Dialogue: 0,1:19:00.78,1:19:04.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But, so that's happening, right, people\Nare building all these groups, building
Dialogue: 0,1:19:04.89,1:19:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all these new ties. A lot of times they\Nbuilding these ties with people who they
Dialogue: 0,1:19:08.18,1:19:12.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't know and who are anonymous to them.\NBut in a lot of other cases, one person
Dialogue: 0,1:19:12.74,1:19:16.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who I spoke to said that essentially\Nthey've started exercising together as a
Dialogue: 0,1:19:16.54,1:19:22.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neighborhood because he says that we\Ncannot trust the police to save us. And if
Dialogue: 0,1:19:22.33,1:19:24.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone from the government comes to\Nattack us we want to be able to defend
Dialogue: 0,1:19:24.31,1:19:28.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ourselves. So then he's also like\Norganizing this in kind of like small
Dialogue: 0,1:19:28.57,1:19:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,neighborhood groups. So there's all these\Npeople who have lived in an anonymous
Dialogue: 0,1:19:32.12,1:19:36.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,major metropolis for years and probably\Nbarely talk to each other, but who now
Dialogue: 0,1:19:36.14,1:19:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,basically getting together and starting to\Ndo things together and trying to keep
Dialogue: 0,1:19:40.14,1:19:44.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these things going to protect themselves.\NAnother thing is that there has been a
Dialogue: 0,1:19:44.44,1:19:50.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,push for building and creating unions. So\Nlabor unions, more than 24 have been
Dialogue: 0,1:19:50.23,1:19:55.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,formed its entire year across a range of\Nsectors. There were several attempts at
Dialogue: 0,1:19:55.18,1:19:59.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organizing strikes in Hong Kong over the\Nsummer and a lot of those weren't very
Dialogue: 0,1:19:59.00,1:20:03.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,successful because people still went to\Nwork in many cases. But so people are
Dialogue: 0,1:20:03.00,1:20:06.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essentially organizing more long term and\Ntrying to get people to join unions, so
Dialogue: 0,1:20:06.75,1:20:14.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they have organizing capacity for the long\Nrun. And again, this is a picture from the
Dialogue: 0,1:20:14.27,1:20:18.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,district council elections. It's\Nincredibly important to recognize the
Dialogue: 0,1:20:18.23,1:20:23.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organizational capacity that went into the\Nelections. There are all these people out
Dialogue: 0,1:20:23.68,1:20:27.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there now that know how to mobilize and\Nhave now partaken in like a political
Dialogue: 0,1:20:27.77,1:20:31.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,campaign and the electoral campaign and\Nall of that is knowledge that now exists
Dialogue: 0,1:20:31.75,1:20:35.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,amongst young people, amongst older\Npeople. And all of these are organizations
Dialogue: 0,1:20:35.46,1:20:43.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and things that hopefully people will be\Nable to build on in the long run. So what
Dialogue: 0,1:20:43.56,1:20:47.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,next? I think it's important to recognize\Nthat what people have been able to do in
Dialogue: 0,1:20:47.52,1:20:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hong Kong is incredible from an\Norganizational capacity and also has meant
Dialogue: 0,1:20:51.93,1:20:55.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people have given up a lot. In many\Ncases. And people have gone broke, there
Dialogue: 0,1:20:55.61,1:20:58.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are young people who have been kicked out\Nof their homes by their parents because
Dialogue: 0,1:20:58.10,1:21:01.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't see eye to eye politically.\NSome people have just spent all their
Dialogue: 0,1:21:01.90,1:21:06.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,money on protest gear. Other people are\Nfacing charges of up to 10 years in
Dialogue: 0,1:21:06.72,1:21:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,prison. And because of the incredible\Nbacklog, might not know for a very long
Dialogue: 0,1:21:09.44,1:21:14.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,time what's going to happen. People are\Nscared of the police. And so one big
Dialogue: 0,1:21:14.39,1:21:17.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,question is how things will be able to\Nkeep going. And I think one thing that if
Dialogue: 0,1:21:17.96,1:21:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you talk to someone from Hong Kong who was\Npart of the protest movement and that's
Dialogue: 0,1:21:20.86,1:21:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,also incredibly important to recognize\Nthat everyone in Hong Kong, both, also
Dialogue: 0,1:21:25.10,1:21:28.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people on both sides, right. Like everyone\Nin Hong Kong, these are people and these
Dialogue: 0,1:21:28.04,1:21:32.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not people who are just kind of like\Nacting out like a geopolitical game, like
Dialogue: 0,1:21:32.75,1:21:36.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,risk or something, but these are real\Npeople there who are really going to the
Dialogue: 0,1:21:36.13,1:21:43.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,limits in many cases. More specifically\Nthere is a rally planned and announced for
Dialogue: 0,1:21:43.04,1:21:48.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,January 1st. They're still waiting for\Ntheir letter of no objection, which means
Dialogue: 0,1:21:48.28,1:21:52.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't know yet whether it will be a\Nlegal rally or not. And so this is really
Dialogue: 0,1:21:52.75,1:21:55.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to be them trying, their movement\Ntrying to show that they're going to be
Dialogue: 0,1:21:55.52,1:22:02.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to keep going through 2020 and maybe\Nlonger. The unrest and discontent is not
Dialogue: 0,1:22:02.18,1:22:06.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,going to go away. I think that's very\Nclear. So many people have been
Dialogue: 0,1:22:06.08,1:22:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,politicized over the past few months and\Nso many people have lost trust in their in
Dialogue: 0,1:22:10.41,1:22:13.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their government and in very fundamental\Ninstitutions such as hospitals and the
Dialogue: 0,1:22:13.41,1:22:18.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police. And that's something that's not\Njust going to go away because that's going
Dialogue: 0,1:22:18.05,1:22:22.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to be a problem that will haunt the\Ngovernment for a long time to come.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:22.70,1:22:26.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Especially remember that number, almost a\Nhundred percent of people under 16 oppose
Dialogue: 0,1:22:26.04,1:22:30.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the extradition bill and those people are\Ndeeply involved, incredibly politicized.
Dialogue: 0,1:22:30.12,1:22:34.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so, if anything, the people who are\Ncoming up are more anti government, are
Dialogue: 0,1:22:34.42,1:22:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more willing to go protest than anyone\Nwho's already out in the streets. The
Dialogue: 0,1:22:40.58,1:22:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things things that you can do. Go and\Nfollow Hong Kong journalists and support
Dialogue: 0,1:22:45.08,1:22:49.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them. If you're on Twitter, Laurel Chor\Nand Hong Kong hermit, I've linked both of
Dialogue: 0,1:22:49.64,1:22:54.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,them, have Twitter lists where you can\Nfollow local journalists who've been
Dialogue: 0,1:22:54.33,1:22:57.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,living in Hong Kong, who grew up in the\Ncity, who have been reporting on the
Dialogue: 0,1:22:57.43,1:23:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protests for months, in some cases for\Nyears. A lot of these people have already
Dialogue: 0,1:23:01.33,1:23:04.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reported on the Umbrella Revolution. So go\Nand follow those people because they
Dialogue: 0,1:23:04.33,1:23:07.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,essentially have the best information.\NThey speak the language and they will be
Dialogue: 0,1:23:07.74,1:23:13.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,able to report firsthand. And you'll also\Nrun into those crazy livestream web sites.
Dialogue: 0,1:23:13.27,1:23:16.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You should also follow and donate to Hong\NKong Free Press, which is an independent
Dialogue: 0,1:23:16.58,1:23:20.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,media outlet, was formed after the\Numbrella protests. And it's been doing
Dialogue: 0,1:23:20.31,1:23:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some incredible coverage. They hired a\Nreally good photographer who took a bunch
Dialogue: 0,1:23:23.41,1:23:27.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the pictures that you saw here. And she\Nalso was arrested by police at some point
Dialogue: 0,1:23:27.75,1:23:36.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for participating in a riot. So, yeah, go\Ndo that, follow those people. This is a
Dialogue: 0,1:23:36.12,1:23:40.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,story that is not over and it will not be\Nover anytime soon. And so the only thing I
Dialogue: 0,1:23:40.08,1:23:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can tell you is to go to the source and\Nlisten to the people who are right on the
Dialogue: 0,1:23:43.08,1:23:49.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ground. Last but not least: I can only\Nspeak about things that pertain to China,
Dialogue: 0,1:23:49.86,1:23:54.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because that's my area of expertise or in\Nthis case, Hong Kong. But this has been a
Dialogue: 0,1:23:54.62,1:23:57.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,year with a lot of protest movements all\Nover the world. And Hong Kongers are by
Dialogue: 0,1:23:57.54,1:24:02.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,far from the only people who went onto the\Nstreets at great, immense personal risk to
Dialogue: 0,1:24:02.01,1:24:07.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stand up to their governments. In India,\Nin student protests against an anti-Muslim
Dialogue: 0,1:24:07.05,1:24:11.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,exclusion law, I think 17 or 20 people\Nwere killed in the past few weeks and the
Dialogue: 0,1:24:11.73,1:24:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Iraqi government just gunned down\Nprotesters that went out to protest for
Dialogue: 0,1:24:14.75,1:24:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,political rights. People have been\Nprotesting in Chile, in Iran, in Syria
Dialogue: 0,1:24:20.52,1:24:25.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and a bunch of places. And those things\Nmight not be as well covered necessarily
Dialogue: 0,1:24:25.83,1:24:29.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as Hong Kong. I certainly don't read about\Nthem as much, but that's also my personal
Dialogue: 0,1:24:29.56,1:24:33.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,interest. But I would encourage you, I\Nthink if you care about the things that
Dialogue: 0,1:24:33.58,1:24:36.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are doing in Hong Kong that they're\Ntrying to achieve, I would urge you to
Dialogue: 0,1:24:36.64,1:24:41.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,inform yourself about the things that are\Nhappening in other places as well. And in
Dialogue: 0,1:24:41.35,1:24:44.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of cases, people who are in these\Nplaces recognize that they stand for
Dialogue: 0,1:24:44.91,1:24:46.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,similar things, right? They want their\Ngovernments to listen to them and they
Dialogue: 0,1:24:46.95,1:24:52.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,want to be represented. On the left, you\Nhave a grafitti from Lebanon, where in the
Dialogue: 0,1:24:52.02,1:24:55.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,middle you can see the Hong Kong slogan,\Nfive demands, not one less, in Chinese,
Dialogue: 0,1:24:55.69,1:24:59.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,stenciled on the wall. And on the left and\Nthe right, you have Iraqi and Lebanese
Dialogue: 0,1:24:59.48,1:25:03.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,protest slogans that called for the for\Nall corrupt government officials to
Dialogue: 0,1:25:03.62,1:25:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resign, regardless of which ethnic and\Nreligious faction they're part of. Whereas
Dialogue: 0,1:25:08.87,1:25:12.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the right you have a protest poster\Nfrom someone from Hong Kong who just lists
Dialogue: 0,1:25:12.73,1:25:18.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the protests that they say we're\Nfighting for the same thing. We're
Dialogue: 0,1:25:18.04,1:25:20.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fighting for freedom and justice. And so\Nwe we should feel like we're part of the
Dialogue: 0,1:25:20.50,1:25:24.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same thing. And so I just want to urge you\Nthat if you care about any of these
Dialogue: 0,1:25:24.87,1:25:30.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,things, then you should probably care\Nabout it in more than one place. Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,1:25:30.08,1:25:58.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause, exclamation{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,1:25:58.70,1:26:02.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Herald (H): Thank you, Katharin. I don't\Nknow if I told you, but I asked for this
Dialogue: 0,1:26:02.21,1:26:05.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,shift specifically because of your talk.\NK: Thank you. {\i1}lauthing{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,1:26:05.89,1:26:12.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,H: It was everything I expected and more.\NSo we have time for two or three
Dialogue: 0,1:26:12.38,1:26:16.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,questions. Go take one question from the\NInternet, because there is a lot of people
Dialogue: 0,1:26:16.88,1:26:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who couldn't make it.\NSignal Angel: Yeah. So it seems that
Dialogue: 0,1:26:22.89,1:26:31.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Telegram is a used a lot during protests.\NAnd one of the IRC users mentions that
Dialogue: 0,1:26:31.29,1:26:36.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's centralized and asks if there were\Nany problems with this centralized and
Dialogue: 0,1:26:36.85,1:26:42.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,controlled thing and if they are attempts\Nto move this to decentralized
Dialogue: 0,1:26:42.57,1:26:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,communication solutions.\NK: Thank you. So I think. Oh, I just saw
Dialogue: 0,1:26:48.38,1:26:56.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that I misspelled MIT in my email. That's\Nvery smart. Um. {\i1}laughter{\i0} The telegram question is
Dialogue: 0,1:26:56.22,1:27:00.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,important. So Telegram has actually come\Nunder DDOS attacks for multiple times. The
Dialogue: 0,1:27:00.77,1:27:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,first time was in the summer and there was\Nanother time later like a couple of weeks
Dialogue: 0,1:27:03.67,1:27:09.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ago. So that shows clearly that Telegram\Nis a vulnerability in some ways, right? In
Dialogue: 0,1:27:09.17,1:27:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the summer after the DDOS attack, Telegram\Nsaid that they think it was a nation state
Dialogue: 0,1:27:12.25,1:27:18.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,actor just based on the volume of the DDOS\Nattack. So that is kind of like a point of
Dialogue: 0,1:27:18.00,1:27:24.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,vulnerability. In reaction to that and\Nanother DDOS attack on LHKG, there was
Dialogue: 0,1:27:24.95,1:27:28.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some discussions of moving to other\Nplatforms, but those ultimately didn't pan
Dialogue: 0,1:27:28.64,1:27:33.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,out. So I think organizationally it is\Nprobably not ideal to be working on a
Dialogue: 0,1:27:33.50,1:27:37.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,centralized platform. But the crucial\Nquestion is whether you have alternatives
Dialogue: 0,1:27:37.87,1:27:42.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that people can get on easily, because\Nyou're organizing so many people and you
Dialogue: 0,1:27:42.09,1:27:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,really want like the smallest amount of\Nfriction possible. And I think that is the
Dialogue: 0,1:27:46.23,1:27:50.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,biggest challenge. So the more kind of\Nlike proposals for using different apps
Dialogue: 0,1:27:50.25,1:27:53.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that, for example, work without Internet\Nfor the worst case scenario, that the
Dialogue: 0,1:27:53.57,1:27:57.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government might switch up the Internet in\NHong Kong. But my read is that those
Dialogue: 0,1:27:57.61,1:28:00.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ultimately didn't pan out because those\Nare not necessarily apps that people are
Dialogue: 0,1:28:00.72,1:28:04.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,used to that might not be as easy to use.\NAnd also because there is kind of like an
Dialogue: 0,1:28:04.84,1:28:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,institutional stickiness. So I think it\Nwould probably take some kind of disaster
Dialogue: 0,1:28:10.28,1:28:14.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like either Telegram getting blocked or\Ntaken down in Hong Kong or kind of like
Dialogue: 0,1:28:14.97,1:28:17.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,being completely taken down by DDOS attack\Nfor people to actually switch to another
Dialogue: 0,1:28:17.88,1:28:21.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,platform. So I think there I agree it's\Nwhen I started from a security
Dialogue: 0,1:28:21.73,1:28:25.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perspective, it's probably not ideal. But\Ntheir biggest challenge is the kind of the
Dialogue: 0,1:28:25.34,1:28:28.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,organizational challenge of getting people\Nto move wholesale to completely different
Dialogue: 0,1:28:28.80,1:28:33.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,platform.\NH: Thank you. And now one question from
Dialogue: 0,1:28:33.71,1:28:40.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the audience. Microphone number three.\NIt's the last question. So make it count.
Dialogue: 0,1:28:40.20,1:28:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Q: That's a lot of responsibility. But I\Nreally wanted to ask about police
Dialogue: 0,1:28:45.73,1:28:54.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,brutality. You mentioned that people were\Nsurprised by police brutality. But how can
Dialogue: 0,1:28:54.04,1:29:00.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it be a surprise. So it's only new police\Nforce from continental China whom became
Dialogue: 0,1:29:00.67,1:29:05.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,suddenly brutal or people were not paying\Nattention or was police brainwashed?
Dialogue: 0,1:29:05.44,1:29:11.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,K: Thank you. That's a good question. And\NI don't think we have absolute answers to
Dialogue: 0,1:29:11.10,1:29:14.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this. The reason people were surprised is\Nthat the Hong Kong police force used to
Dialogue: 0,1:29:14.85,1:29:18.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have an incredibly good reputation as a\Npolice force that was very reasonable and
Dialogue: 0,1:29:18.66,1:29:22.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appropriate in its use of force. And\Nthat's clearly a reputation that's
Dialogue: 0,1:29:22.87,1:29:27.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,completely gone down the drain over the\Npast few months. The thing about police
Dialogue: 0,1:29:27.09,1:29:30.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,coming in from China is something there\Nare repeated reports, but they're always
Dialogue: 0,1:29:30.85,1:29:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,incidental. And I haven't really seen any\Nlarge scale verified reports that there
Dialogue: 0,1:29:35.54,1:29:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was any like major influx of mainland\Npolice officers into the Hong Kong police.
Dialogue: 0,1:29:39.78,1:29:44.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's probably not that. I think one\Nthing that people observed after the
Dialogue: 0,1:29:44.77,1:29:48.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Umbrella Movement was that there was kind\Nof like a siege mentality within the
Dialogue: 0,1:29:48.18,1:29:51.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,police itself so that they kind of felt\Nlike they were being assaulted by the
Dialogue: 0,1:29:51.93,1:29:55.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,entirety of society. So it's possible that\Nthat was kind of like kind of like the
Dialogue: 0,1:29:55.87,1:30:00.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,formation of like increasingly strictly\Ndrawn lines and camps where the police
Dialogue: 0,1:30:00.81,1:30:03.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,felt like they're under assault from\Neveryone else and that they're justified
Dialogue: 0,1:30:03.76,1:30:07.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in using force. Which might be one of the\Nexplanations why they've also been so
Dialogue: 0,1:30:07.94,1:30:12.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,opposed to kind of like an independent\Ninvestigation. In addition to that,
Dialogue: 0,1:30:12.67,1:30:18.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,another thing is that they've also been\Ncompletely operating at capacity. So we
Dialogue: 0,1:30:18.22,1:30:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,know that they've paid, I think, 900\Nmillion Hong Kong dollars to something an
Dialogue: 0,1:30:23.45,1:30:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,absurd amount in overtime pay to the\Npolice. So I think one thing is also that
Dialogue: 0,1:30:27.82,1:30:31.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these are people who in many cases are not\Ntrained in dealing with the events that
Dialogue: 0,1:30:31.27,1:30:34.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're supposed to be dealing with. And\Nso it seems that they are possibly
Dialogue: 0,1:30:34.26,1:30:39.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,reacting by lashing out and in more\Nviolent ways than like would probably be
Dialogue: 0,1:30:39.24,1:30:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,appropriate. So it might just also be a\Nlack of training, but there's no
Dialogue: 0,1:30:41.58,1:30:43.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,definitive answer.\NH: Thank you
Dialogue: 0,1:30:43.74,1:30:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,K: Thanks\NH: Katherin Tai, who has been heroically
Dialogue: 0,1:30:47.43,1:30:52.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,standing here for 90 minutes talking\Nnonstop, which is hard! So, people, a huge
Dialogue: 0,1:30:52.18,1:30:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,round of applause.
Dialogue: 0,1:30:53.47,1:30:54.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}applause{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,1:30:54.47,1:30:57.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,{\i1}postroll music{\i0}
Dialogue: 0,1:30:57.87,1:31:26.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,subtitles created by c3subtitles.de\Nin the year 20??. Join, and help us!