[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.15,0:00:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am an astrodynamicist --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.55,0:00:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, like that guy Rich Purnell\Nin the movie "The Martian."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.88,0:00:13.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's my job to study and predict\Nmotion of objects in space.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.17,0:00:20.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Currently we track about one percent\Nof hazardous objects on orbit --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.71,0:00:24.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hazardous to services like location,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.86,0:00:27.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agriculture, banking,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.23,0:00:29.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,television and communications,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.22,0:00:31.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and soon -- very soon --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.11,0:00:32.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the internet itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.89,0:00:40.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now these services are not protected\Nfrom, roughly, half a million objects
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.11,0:00:42.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the size of a speck of paint
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.06,0:00:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all the way to a school bus in size.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.40,0:00:48.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A speck of paint,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.30,0:00:51.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traveling at the right speed,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.18,0:00:52.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,impacting one of these objects,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.76,0:00:54.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could render it absolutely useless.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.39,0:01:00.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we can't track things\Nas small as a speck of paint.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.69,0:01:04.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can only track things\Nas small as say, a smartphone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.60,0:01:10.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So of this half million objects\Nthat we should be concerned about,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.50,0:01:14.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can only track\Nabout 26,000 of these objects.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.68,0:01:20.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And of these 26,000,\Nonly 2,000 actually work.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.80,0:01:22.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything else
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.76,0:01:24.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is garbage.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.48,0:01:27.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a lot of garbage.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.23,0:01:30.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make things a little bit worse,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.36,0:01:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of what we launch into orbit\Nnever comes back.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.50,0:01:40.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We send the satellite in orbit,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.13,0:01:43.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it stops working, it runs out of fuel,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.12,0:01:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we send something else up ...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.78,0:01:48.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we send up something else ...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.17,0:01:49.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then something else.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.69,0:01:51.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every once in a while,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.24,0:01:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two of these things\Nwill collide with each other
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.79,0:01:55.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or one of these things will explode,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.59,0:01:56.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even worse,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.81,0:02:00.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody might just happen to destroy\None of their satellites on orbit,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.60,0:02:05.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this generates many, many more pieces,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.28,0:02:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of which also never come back.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.75,0:02:12.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now these things are not\Njust randomly scattered in orbit.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.72,0:02:16.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that given\Nthe curvature of space-time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:16.98,0:02:18.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are ideal locations
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.97,0:02:20.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we put some of these satellites --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.98,0:02:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think of these as space highways.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.34,0:02:27.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very much like highways on earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.26,0:02:31.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these space highways can only take up\Na maximum capacity of traffic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.00,0:02:35.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sustain space-safe operations.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.01,0:02:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unlike highways on earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.37,0:02:41.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are actually no space traffic rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.61,0:02:43.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,None whatsoever, OK?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.66,0:02:46.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wow.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.45,0:02:50.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What could possibly go wrong with that?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.42,0:02:51.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.48,0:02:54.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what would be really nice
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.82,0:02:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is if we had something\Nlike a space traffic map,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.48,0:03:01.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a Waze for space that I could look up
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.53,0:03:04.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see what the current\Ntraffic conditions are in space,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.32,0:03:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe even predict these.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.78,0:03:07.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem with that, however,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:07.91,0:03:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that ask five different people,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.34,0:03:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What's going on in orbit?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.76,0:03:14.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where are things going?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.00,0:03:17.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're probably going to get\N10 different answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.70,0:03:19.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.11,0:03:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's because information about things\Non orbit is not commonly shared either.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.19,0:03:27.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what if we had a globally accessible,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.71,0:03:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,open and transparent\Nspace traffic information system
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.08,0:03:34.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can inform the public\Nof where everything is located
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.12,0:03:37.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to keep space safe and sustainable?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.12,0:03:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what if the system could be used
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.75,0:03:43.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to form evidence-based\Nnorms of behavior --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.75,0:03:45.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these space traffic rules?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.83,0:03:47.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I developed ASTRIAGraph,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.01,0:03:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world's first crowdsourced,\Nspace traffic monitoring system
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.80,0:03:53.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the University of Texas at Austin.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.69,0:03:59.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ASTRIAGraph combines multiple sources\Nof information from around the globe --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.00,0:04:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government, industry and academia --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.94,0:04:05.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and represents this in a common framework\Nthat anybody can access today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.25,0:04:11.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here, you can see 26,000 objects\Norbiting the earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.78,0:04:13.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multiple opinions,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.64,0:04:16.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it gets updated in near real time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.45,0:04:20.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But back to my problem\Nof space traffic map:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.08,0:04:23.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if you only had information\Nfrom the US government?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.02,0:04:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, in that case, that's what\Nyour space traffic map would look like.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.99,0:04:30.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what do the Russians think?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.34,0:04:35.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That looks significantly different.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.88,0:04:38.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who's right? Who's wrong?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.06,0:04:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What should I believe?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.49,0:04:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What could I trust?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.87,0:04:42.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is part of the issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.86,0:04:50.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the absence of this framework\Nto monitor space-actor behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.42,0:04:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to monitor activity in space --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.72,0:04:55.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where these objects are located --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.49,0:04:58.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reconcile these inconsistencies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.45,0:05:00.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make this knowledge commonplace,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:00.93,0:05:04.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we actually risk losing the ability
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.58,0:05:08.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use space for humanity's benefit.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.39,0:05:11.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.58,0:05:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause and cheers)