[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.15,0:00:03.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am an astrodynamicist --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.67,0:00:07.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you know, like that guy Rich Purnell\Nin the movie "The Martian" --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.96,0:00:13.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's my job to study and predict\Nmotion of objects in space.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.29,0:00:21.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Currently we track about one percent\Nof hazardous objects on orbit --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.81,0:00:24.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,hazardous to services like location,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:24.96,0:00:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,agriculture,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.08,0:00:27.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,banking,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.22,0:00:29.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,television and communications
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.23,0:00:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and soon --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.23,0:00:31.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very soon --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:31.37,0:00:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even the internet itself.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.99,0:00:40.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now these services are not protected\Nfrom roughly half a million objects
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.21,0:00:45.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the size of a speck of paint\Nall the way to a school bus in size.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.54,0:00:48.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A speck of paint,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.40,0:00:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,traveling at the right speed,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.28,0:00:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,impacting one of these objects,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.83,0:00:55.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,could render it absolutely useless.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.49,0:01:00.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we can't track things\Nas a small as a speck of paint.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.83,0:01:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can only track things\Nas small as say, a smartphone.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.80,0:01:10.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So of this half million objects\Nthat we should be concerned about,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.60,0:01:14.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we can only track\Nabout 26,000 of these objects,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.66,0:01:17.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and of these 26,000,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.50,0:01:20.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only 2,000 actually work.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.90,0:01:24.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Everything else is garbage.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.55,0:01:27.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's a lot of garbage.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:28.30,0:01:31.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make things a little bit worse,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.50,0:01:35.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of what we launch into orbit\Nnever comes back.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:37.73,0:01:40.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We send the satellite in orbit,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.23,0:01:41.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it stops working,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.28,0:01:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it runs out of fuel,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:43.28,0:01:45.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we send something else up ...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.94,0:01:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we send up something else ...
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.16,0:01:49.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then something else.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.81,0:01:51.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And every once in a while,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:51.34,0:01:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,two of these things\Nwill collide with each other
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.89,0:01:55.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or one of these things will explode
Dialogue: 0,0:01:55.59,0:01:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or even worse,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.81,0:02:01.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,somebody might just happen to destroy\None of their satellites on orbit,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.75,0:02:05.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and this generates many, many more pieces,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:05.34,0:02:07.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,most of which also never come back.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.85,0:02:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now these things are not\Njust randomly scattered in orbit.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.82,0:02:17.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It turns out that given\Nthe curvature of space-time,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.08,0:02:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their ideal locations --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.07,0:02:21.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where we put some of these satellites --
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.08,0:02:23.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,think of these as space highways.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.44,0:02:27.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Very much like highways on Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:27.50,0:02:32.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these space highways can only take up\Na maximum capacity of traffic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.10,0:02:36.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to sustain space-safe operations.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.04,0:02:39.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Unlike highways on Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.47,0:02:41.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there are actually no space-traffic rules.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.70,0:02:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,None whatsoever, OK?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.76,0:02:46.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wow.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.50,0:02:50.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What could possibly go wrong with that?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.42,0:02:51.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.60,0:02:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, what would be really nice
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.92,0:02:58.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is if we had something\Nlike a space-traffic map,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.60,0:03:01.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a Waze for space that I could look up
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.22,0:03:03.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and see what the current\Ntraffic conditions are in space,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.92,0:03:05.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,maybe even predict these.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.84,0:03:08.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The problem with that, however,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.01,0:03:12.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that ask five different people,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.44,0:03:13.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What's going on in orbit?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.86,0:03:15.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where are things going?"
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.02,0:03:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're probably going to get\N10 different answers.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.86,0:03:18.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Why is that?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:19.21,0:03:24.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's because information about things\Non orbit is not commonly shared either.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.39,0:03:27.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what if we had a globally accessible,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.81,0:03:31.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,open and transparent,\Nspace-traffic information system
Dialogue: 0,0:03:31.18,0:03:34.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can inform the public\Nof where everything is located
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.22,0:03:36.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to try to keep space safe and sustainable?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:37.28,0:03:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what if the system could be used
Dialogue: 0,0:03:40.97,0:03:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to form evidence-based\Nnorms of behavior --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.97,0:03:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these space-traffic rules?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.02,0:03:48.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I developed AstroGraph,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.20,0:03:51.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the world's first crowdsourced,\Nspace-traffic monitoring system
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.90,0:03:53.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the University of Texas at Austin.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.79,0:04:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AstroGraph combines multiple sources\Nof information from around the globe --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.10,0:04:02.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,government, industry and academia --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.04,0:04:05.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and represents this in a common framework\Nthat anybody can access today.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:07.35,0:04:11.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here you can see 26,000 objects\Norbiting the Earth,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.88,0:04:13.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,multiple opinions
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.74,0:04:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it gets updated in near real time.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:16.68,0:04:20.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But back to my problem\Nof space-traffic map:
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.30,0:04:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what if you only had information\Nfrom the US government?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.12,0:04:27.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, in that case, that's what\Nyour space-traffic map would look like.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.18,0:04:30.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what do the Russians think?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.44,0:04:35.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That looks significantly different.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.16,0:04:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who's right?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.16,0:04:38.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Who's wrong?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.16,0:04:39.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What should I believe?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:39.65,0:04:40.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What could I trust?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:41.09,0:04:42.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is part of the issue.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.08,0:04:48.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the absence of this framework\N
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.37,0:04:51.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to monitor space-actor behavior,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.52,0:04:53.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to monitor activity in space --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.82,0:04:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where these objects are located --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:55.49,0:04:58.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to reconcile these inconsistencies
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.55,0:05:01.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make this knowledge commonplace,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.03,0:05:05.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we actually risk losing the ability
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.80,0:05:08.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to use space for humanity's benefit.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.49,0:05:11.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.68,0:05:14.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause and cheers)