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This is Bob and he will talk about ArduinoGuitar

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It is his project and it's about a guitar

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that has no other controls than its strings.

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And I think it's a quite interesting project.

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Thank you.

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Thank you.

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Can everyone hear me.

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So, I will talk about the project itself

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and everything that came before the project

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because I didn't know much about any of this stuff

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when I started playing with it, so I will tell you a little bit

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about myself and how this whole thing happened.

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There's a lot of things that I might mention, that you might not know about, but you can use Google, right.

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Everyone can use Google.

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Alright, so, there's two things that you might wanna know about me.

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There are two things that are really characterize me.

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I have a lot of dreams. I spend a lot of time just sitting around and dreaming.

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And I used to have very little money all my life, you know.

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Practically no money.

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So with dreams and no money you learn to scrounge. You really, you learn to scrounge.

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And when you find something you learn to fix it.

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And when you fixed it you don't want it to break anymore. You got attached to things you got.

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That's me. You develop an ability to fix anything, which I think I have today.

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Practically anything if I really want. But on the other hand once I fixed it I get attached to it and I don't wanna it to break.

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So this fear of losing it.

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You know, poverty, dreams and stuff becomes sort of a mixed blessing when you have this.

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You have stuff and then you're afraid to lose it. A song says

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'When you got nothing, you got nothing to lose'

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But it's not really true. It's when you got nothing you can not afford to lose anything.

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That's really how I looked,lived most of my life.

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And there's another aspect that I'm very tenacious.

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So I have this sort of never give up attitude.

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That's also a mixed blessing in a lot of ways.

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And one last thing about me.

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I usually like stuff that nobody else likes.

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I mean, I'm the only one who buys the one little thing in the shop that has been there on the shelf

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for hundred years and nobody wants it because they don't know what it's for.

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Because they just don't like it.

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So, this whole project started. Does this work. I guess not. How do you change slides.

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There we go. Electric guitar.

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So this whole project started. I was as a kid I always been a hippie. I'm still a hippie.

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Living in the sixties and all that. Play electric guitar, want to play the guitar,

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couldn't play the electric guitar, couldn't afford an electric guitar.

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Get a lot of junk electric guitars, have to fix them.

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Don't know how to fix them. Anyways, I had this idea about electric guitars.

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And so first what is an electric guitar really.

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It's got these things in the middle here. This is one of my guitars.

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It's a guitar that propably no one's every seen before.

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There's only two of them in Belgium.

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It's made in Canada.

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This one has two, they call them 'pickups'

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That's where it captures the vibrations of the strings to turn it into an electrical signal.

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And then here you have a switch which basically which roots the signal from the pickups to the volume and tone controls

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which are here on this guitar. This has one volume and one tone.

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And then it all goes out through the jack to the amplifier.

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It's pretty simple. I mean it seems pretty simple.

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Although it took me a long time to understand.

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So that's what a guitar is.

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Now here is what I know about electronics.

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That's it.

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You're laughing. You're laughing, but I didn't find it very funny.

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I spent a lot of time, even that, it seems so simple and it is simple, but it took me a long time to understand things like

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a voltage divider. What is this?

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I'm still not sure if I really understand.

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Anyways, so that was way I was for like thirty years of my life.

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I had guitars.

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They never worked. And I got a job, a real job, a serious job.

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And I had some money.

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And so I decided to learn to play the guitar at last. I'm an old man now.

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Old hippie.

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So I got a serious guitar. And a serious guitar requires serious adjustment.

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You know I can fix anything.

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Things that break. Things that are expensive. You don't wanna just tweak with.

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So I brought it to a luthier, a guitar shop.

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Luthier is a fancy word for guitar maker.

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And these guys adjusted the guitar and I learned a lot from these guys about guitars,

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about technology. And I learned that basically everybody wants the same thing that Jimmy Hendrix played

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That's all there is. The whole music industry is based on Jimmy Hendrix played a left handed stratocaster

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Not everybody is left-handed, but everybody wants a stratocaster.

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So, that's it.

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That's the number one selling guitar.

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And that's it. The technology hasn't changed. 1950s. They invented all the stuff

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and it hasn't changed. And nobody wants it to change

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because everybody wants to be Jimmy Hendrix.

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And the mechanical potentiometer and the capacitor and a little mechanical switch. That's it.

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That was from the 1950s and it hasn't changed.

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And even now a guitar is in five figure-prices, I'm saying a twenty thousand or a thirty thousand

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dollar guitar. It's still the same guts inside. Nothing special.

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Ok, maybe the pickups are little bit more sophisticated. Maybe the wiring is really poorly put together.

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There are twenty thousand dollar guitars that looks like they were soldered by a child.

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And I've seen it. I wouldn't believe it because on one point I was thinking about buying one of those

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at a special price but when I saw the guts I was like 'Forget it, forget it!'.

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So, you know the 60s. I love the 60s, because of hippies and because of peace and love

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and all that kind of stuff. It was great and I, for long time I regret it, but then came along Internet

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and the 21st century and I found the 21st century is not too bad either.

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And in fact it's really cool, especially the long tail. Living on the long tail is a cool place to live.

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And everybody here, we are all on the long tail whether we know it or not.

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So, talking to these guys and I started thinking why has the guitar has to be so old fashioned.

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Why can't it be in 21st century, you know.

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Why does it have to have these mechanical things and you know there is all kinds of stuff.

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For example the guitar I showed you. It does some cool stuff. It's not just an ordinary guitar.

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It does some pretty cool stuff.

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So, basically you have you know the two pickups you have either one or the other or both.

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So, both in parallel, both in series. Series is already an advance, I mean this only something that became

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imagined later, much later.

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But this guitar has all of that. And those are very, very sophisticated pickups, which were only invented I guess

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ten, twelve years ago.

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They are very sophisticated. It's a very sophisticated guitar.

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But it offers both the neck, the bridge, the neck is the top one, the bridge is the bottom one,

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so you can have the neck, you can have the bridge, you can have the neck and the bridge is series

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the neck and bridge in parallel. So that's already pretty sophisticated for a musician.

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It's already incomprehensible for most musicians.

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My guitar teacher when I tell him he says 'What do you mean, what are you talking about?'

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See, well, I was just saying 'Jazz and Rock' - 'Oh, I get it, I get it...'

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So, but even that, so what does that mean? That means, you have this little switch has four positions.

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There is one for each thing. And if you want to start turning things on, turning things off.

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Everything you need the mechanical switch and you want to have individual tone controls, individual volume controls.

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Everything means more mechanical stuff. And pretty soon you have your guitar just covered with buttons.

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And nobody knows how it works. Even yourself. Even if you built it yourself.

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You still can't rememeber which button to push to get this sound. It becomes just a mess.

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So, I thought, my vision was lets get rid of all this electromechanical crap and put a screen on it or

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make it have a curcuit in there and have it a screen where you can have it synthetic and you can do all kinds of stuff.

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So, why not, why can't that be.

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So that was my vision. It was to have some kind of curcuit on an Android phone an Bluetooth and in there

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In there could some kind of thing, I don't know what, an Adruino it turned out to be.

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That was my idea and it seemed easy enough. Modern technology and and all that stuff.

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[Vehicles, IR], it's good enough.

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And why didn't it already exist? Well, I have a lot of friends or friends of friends in the music industry.

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And they all came up with the same answers.

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They is two reasons. First of all it's just unbelievably complicated. You need a team of engineers.

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Hundreds of years of development and it's just really complicated. And this was from professionals, from

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engineers in the music industry. This is not just from musicians.

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And then the other thing was just nobody wants it. It's just ridiculous.

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Everybody wants to have a knob and a switch. That's what musicians want. That's it.

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That's all there is. So just don't waste your time.

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I didn't really waste a lot of my time, but I kept thinking about it.

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And since I didn't know anything about electronics it was kind of a handicap.

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You know, what to do about this and how to make progress. So this idea just bang around in my head for a while.

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And then nothing happened. And then I used to go to a lot of TED conf, I still do go to TED conferences in Brussels,

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I live in Brussels and they got the TEDx there.

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And you get a lot of inspirational guys talking and I went to one of these.

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I had a good time with that and I was thinking, you know, is it really impossible to make this?

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Or is it just people are scared of it? Let me think about Marshall McLuhan.

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Does anybody know here who Marshall McLuhan is? One person? That's it? Two? Three? Four? Five?

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Marshall McLuhan was a great thinker, he thought about mass media in the early 50s/60s and he

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predicted Internet in 1962. He predicted the arrival of Internet will be a great thing.

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He said 'In this new age the human kind will move from individualism and fragmentation to a collective

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identity. A global village.' So invented the phrase 'global village'.

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But he wasn't thinking about computers. He was thinking about the electrical network that ran

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throughout the world. He tought that was going to bring the entire planet together like electricity and the net, the electrical net.

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He was a cool guy. And he also thought about a lot of cool things like why inovation is so hard?

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And he said this second part, which is really [a proporto] to my project and probably to a lot of

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things people do here is that

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Whenever you look at something new all you references are in the past, so look at something new you just think

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'Well, is it like this or is it like that?'

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So, a Mac is like Windows, right?

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Macintosh is like Windows?

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Everything is referring to the immediate past so that makes it hard to understand something that is

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radically new. And it puts people off in general from things that are radically new.

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So, I was thinking all this people have told me that nobody wants this stuff and it's impossible to do.

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Is that just fear and misunderstanding or is there more to it?

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But I had no way of knowing what that meant what was going to happen.

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I always think of this story, the Henry Ford story. Which is, he was interviewed.

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I don't think this has acutally happened, but he was interviewed and was asked

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'How did you know people would like your car? Did you go and ask them before? Use your survey?'

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And he said 'If I had asked people what they wanted, they would have said faster horses.' And, you know,

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he wasn't interested in making faster horses.

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So, all this things were going on in my mind and then I went to last years TEDx in Brussels and Mitch Altman was speaking there.

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Is Mitch by any chance in the room? No, well, he was there and he gave a very inspiring speach about

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hackerspaces and all that kind of stuff.

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So, I nearly jumped on him because he's an electronics guy and I said 'Here's my project.'

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'What do you think?' - 'Of course, of course, it's so easy. Of course, you could do it. It's a great idea.'

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'Go and do it!'

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That was enough, one guy. Never seen before in my life, convinced me that I should do it.

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Fine. All these experts told me 'Forget it, forget it, forget it.'

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And so, it's a shame he's not in the room, but he gets a slide.

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So that's you know, he hook me. He said contact the hackerspace community.

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I didn't even know there was one in Brussels. I mean, 'Brussels'.

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Anyway, there's a huge hackerspace community in Belgium and Brussels and I was amazed about this.

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So that's the meta part of the project. Thank you.

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Now we can talk about the technology and the stuff which is maybe interesting maybe not.

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So, that's a potentiometer, right?

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Most people know what it is. You got the thing you turn and it moves the wiper, the 'W' up or down.

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And means that means, that one resistance gets bigger and one get smaller, right?

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It's really simple. So, then we are having an analogue signal, a sinusoid, coming from the pickups.

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The question was how could you make that controllable digitally, somehow.

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I thought about putting servos, motors all kind of stupid things. I had lot of stupid ideas.

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But I put this out on a hackerspace mailing list and people had all kinds of answers,

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but it all seemed to be like they were, it wasn't criticism, but they didn't know what I wanted.

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And I felt like there was real some kind of, you know, did you see 'Cool Hand Luke'?

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'What we got here is failure to communicate.' And then they whack him over the head. Great movie.

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Paul Newmans masterpiece.

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Anyway, it was a failure to communicate and that is something I learnt a lot in this project.

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You ask questions and they make perfect sense to you, but nobody else can understand what you are

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talking about. You ask a question in a forum, you say 'I got this thing and this thing.'

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And people don't answer or they ask you with crazy things. And you realize, that they don't understand.

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And they did not understand.

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So, finally though after a lot of questions being tenacious, you remember tenacity, we got to an

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answer by Johannes Tallman who's a brilliant scientist. Is he not here either?

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Well, he's in the [?] space. And he just said 'Why don't you do it with a LED LDR?'

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I didn't know if that was a word or if that was acronyms. I said 'Ok, great. Tell me more about was that is.'

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So, actually a LED LDR is really a LED, a light, and a light depended resistor.

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So you have something that shines light and then you have something that changes resistance when you shine light on it.

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And you put those two together and that makes a digitally controllable resistance.

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Because you can shine light more or less. You can pulse it with PWM. So now you have a

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digitally controllable resistance. And if you put two of them together like in a picture you get something very

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similar to a potentiometer. And all you have to do is manage the current. And in the mean time I've been

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playing with, I got get inside with Arduino, I saw Banzi on TED and I got the book and I bought an Arduino

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and I could make the lights blink and it was great, everything was great. All the problems were solved.

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It seems so simple. Cause like. 'What's wrong with you people? This is so easy. This is so unbelivably easy.'

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So, I started doing it, but somebody on the mailing list said 'You know', I quote this

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'You certainly worked to some extend and even if the result is to noisy or bad quality to be used in music

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it will still be huge fun to make.' And I thought to myself 'What? Noisy? Where is noise coming from?'

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'How can? Vehicles IR! Where is noise in that equation? I don't get it.'

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But that was kind of staying in the back of my mind, you know, who cares?

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Went on. By the way, LED LDR is, actually in the industry they're called 'Vactrols'.

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There is actual a component, that has the whole thing build in one and they are made by different companys.

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The best company is Perkin Elmer. If you buy them just put my name in the [?] I get them on my commission, ok.

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So, that was easy. So now I had the fundamental problems solved and I just had to learn how to do it,

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I read 'Making things talk' by Tom Igoe, later corresponded with and found out he didn't test

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all the code in his book. So here it is. So the idea was really you have a guitar, an Arduino in there,

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a bunch of vactrols and then you have some kind of Bluetooth and some kind of device, a computer or

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Android. I've never seen an Android phone in my life at the time, but I figured that would do it and it will be really easy.

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Yeah and it was. So here is the really geeky part. This the schematic. I only made it because the person

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revising my presentation here told me to make it more technical because this is a technical conference.

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Alright, so here is the technical stuff. You wanted it, you get it.

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In the upper left, there, you can barely see it, but there is three, I put three pickups, this guitar has

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three pickups and you see there is one sort of double pickup, which is exactly what it is.

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So this three pickups. They come in.

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So the top one goes in and you have the red wire goes to a vectoral(?), which is just an on and off vectoral(?).

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It's got no variable resistance just shine all maximum light and it let's maximum electricity through.

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It's not perfect. The vectors(?) I use have about 80 Ohm resistance when they are full on.

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But you can do a little better than that. I didn't buy the right vectors. I couldn't understand the datasheets.

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It's so complicated. Why don't they just say what I want?

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Anyways.. So there you have it. Each of the pickups goes into a vector(?) Those top four