[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.54,0:00:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,[This talk contains mature content]
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.76,0:00:08.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rana Ayyub is a journalist in India
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.78,0:00:11.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,whose work has exposed\Ngovernment corruption
Dialogue: 0,0:00:12.41,0:00:14.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and human rights violations.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.99,0:00:16.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And over the years,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:16.18,0:00:19.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she's gotten used to vitriol\Nand controversy around her work.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.15,0:00:25.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But none of it could have prepared her\Nfor what she faced in April 2018.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.12,0:00:29.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was sitting in a café with a friend\Nwhen she first saw it:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.80,0:00:34.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a two-minute, 20-second video\Nof her engaged in a sex act.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.19,0:00:37.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she couldn't believe her eyes.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.56,0:00:39.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She had never made a sex video.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.51,0:00:43.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But unfortunately, thousands\Nupon thousands of people
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.100,0:00:45.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would believe it was her.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.67,0:00:49.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I interviewed Ms. Ayyub\Nabout three months ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.64,0:00:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in connection with my book\Non sexual privacy.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.68,0:00:55.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a law professor, lawyer\Nand civil rights advocate.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.20,0:01:00.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's incredibly frustrating\Nknowing that right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.84,0:01:03.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,law could do very little to help her.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.46,0:01:05.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as we talked,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.03,0:01:09.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she explained that she should have seen\Nthe fake sex video coming.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.04,0:01:15.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She said, "After all, sex is so often used\Nto demean and to shame women,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.66,0:01:18.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially minority women,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.11,0:01:22.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and especially minority women\Nwho dare to challenge powerful men,"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:22.45,0:01:23.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as she had in her work.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:25.19,0:01:29.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The fake sex video went viral in 48 hours.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.06,0:01:35.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All of her online accounts were flooded\Nwith screenshots of the video,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.40,0:01:38.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with graphic rape and death threats
Dialogue: 0,0:01:38.05,0:01:40.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and with slurs about her Muslim faith.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.43,0:01:45.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Online posts suggested that\Nshe was "available" for sex.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:46.01,0:01:47.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she was doxed,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.65,0:01:50.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which means that her home address\Nand her cell phone number
Dialogue: 0,0:01:50.45,0:01:52.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,were spread across the internet.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.88,0:01:56.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The video was shared\Nmore than 40,000 times.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.76,0:02:01.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when someone is targeted\Nwith this kind of cybermob attack,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.72,0:02:03.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the harm is profound.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.48,0:02:07.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rana Ayyub's life was turned upside down.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.21,0:02:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For weeks, she could hardly eat or speak.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.92,0:02:15.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She stopped writing and closed\Nall of her social media accounts,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.63,0:02:18.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is, you know, a tough thing to do\Nwhen you're a journalist.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:19.19,0:02:22.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she was afraid to go outside\Nher family's home.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.70,0:02:25.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if the posters\Nmade good on their threats?
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.40,0:02:30.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The UN Council on Human Rights\Nconfirmed that she wasn't being crazy.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:30.78,0:02:35.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It issued a public statement saying\Nthat they were worried about her safety.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.78,0:02:41.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What Rana Ayyub faced was a deepfake:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.03,0:02:43.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,machine-learning technology
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.59,0:02:47.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that manipulates or fabricates\Naudio and video recordings
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.73,0:02:50.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to show people doing and saying things
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.48,0:02:52.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they never did or said.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.81,0:02:56.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Deepfakes appear authentic\Nand realistic, but they're not;
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.19,0:02:57.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they're total falsehoods.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:59.23,0:03:03.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although the technology\Nis still developing in its sophistication,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:03.05,0:03:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is widely available.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.37,0:03:08.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the most recent attention\Nto deepfakes arose,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.47,0:03:10.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as so many things do online,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.65,0:03:11.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with pornography.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.50,0:03:14.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In early 2018,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:14.63,0:03:17.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,someone posted a tool on Reddit
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.12,0:03:21.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to allow users to insert faces\Ninto porn videos.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:21.56,0:03:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what followed was a cascade\Nof fake porn videos
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.02,0:03:27.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,featuring people's favorite\Nfemale celebrities.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.71,0:03:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And today, you can go on YouTube\Nand pull up countless tutorials
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.21,0:03:34.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with step-by-step instructions
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.52,0:03:37.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on how to make a deepfake\Non your desktop application.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.26,0:03:41.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And soon we may be even able\Nto make them on our cell phones.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.07,0:03:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, it's the interaction\Nof some of our most basic human frailties
Dialogue: 0,0:03:48.48,0:03:50.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and network tools
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.18,0:03:52.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that can turn deepfakes into weapons.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:52.87,0:03:54.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let me explain.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:54.88,0:03:59.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As human beings, we have\Na visceral reaction to audio and video.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.86,0:04:01.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We believe they're true,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.37,0:04:03.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the notion that\Nof course you can believe
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.47,0:04:05.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what your eyes and ears are telling you.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.48,0:04:08.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's that mechanism
Dialogue: 0,0:04:08.20,0:04:11.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that might undermine our shared\Nsense of reality.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.92,0:04:15.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Although we believe deepfakes\Nto be true, they're not.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.60,0:04:19.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're attracted\Nto the salacious, the provocative.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.36,0:04:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We tend to believe\Nand to share information
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.44,0:04:25.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's negative and novel.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:25.81,0:04:30.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And researchers have found that online\Nhoaxes spread 10 times faster
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.85,0:04:32.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than accurate stories.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.02,0:04:38.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, we're also drawn to information
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.42,0:04:40.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that aligns with our viewpoints.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.95,0:04:44.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Psychologists call that tendency\N"confirmation bias."
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.30,0:04:49.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And social media platforms\Nsupercharge that tendency,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.71,0:04:53.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,by allowing us to instantly\Nand widely share information
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.62,0:04:55.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that accords with our viewpoints.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:56.74,0:05:02.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, deepfakes have the potential to cause\Ngrave individual and societal harm.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.20,0:05:05.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, imagine a deepfake
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.25,0:05:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that shows American soldiers\Nin Afganistan burning a Koran.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.81,0:05:13.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can imagine that that deepfake\Nwould provoke violence
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.86,0:05:15.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,against those soldiers.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.85,0:05:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what if the very next day
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.74,0:05:20.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's another deepfake that drops,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:21.02,0:05:24.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that shows a well-known imam\Nbased in London
Dialogue: 0,0:05:24.36,0:05:26.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,praising the attack on those soldiers?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.62,0:05:30.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We might see violence and civil unrest,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:30.80,0:05:34.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not only in Afganistan\Nand the United Kingdom,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.08,0:05:35.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but across the globe.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.25,0:05:37.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you might say to me,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.43,0:05:39.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Come on, Danielle, that's far-fetched."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:39.70,0:05:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But it's not.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:41.29,0:05:43.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've seen falsehoods spread
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.51,0:05:46.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on WhatsApp and other\Nonline message services
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.25,0:05:49.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,lead to violence\Nagainst ethnic minorities.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.04,0:05:50.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that was just text --
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.95,0:05:52.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,imagine if it were video.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.59,0:05:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, deepfakes have the potential\Nto corrode the trust that we have
Dialogue: 0,0:05:59.97,0:06:01.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in democratic institutions.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.01,0:06:05.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, imagine the night before an election.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.100,0:06:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's a deepfake showing\None of the major party candidates
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.26,0:06:10.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,gravely sick.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.20,0:06:13.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The deepfake could tip the election
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.56,0:06:16.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and shake our sense\Nthat elections are legitimate.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.52,0:06:21.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Imagine if the night before\Nan initial public offering
Dialogue: 0,0:06:21.86,0:06:24.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of a major global bank,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.22,0:06:27.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there was a deepfake\Nshowing the bank's CEO
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.40,0:06:30.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,drunkenly spouting conspiracy theories.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:30.89,0:06:33.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The deepfake could tank the IPO,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:33.96,0:06:38.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and worse, shake our sense\Nthat financial markets are stable.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.38,0:06:46.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So deepfakes can exploit and magnify\Nthe deep distrust that we already have
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.40,0:06:50.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in politicians, business leaders\Nand other influential leaders.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.94,0:06:54.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They find an audience\Nprimed to believe them.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:55.29,0:06:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the pursuit of truth\Nis on the line as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.08,0:07:02.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Technologists expect\Nthat with advances in AI,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:02.66,0:07:06.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,soon it may be difficult if not impossible
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.37,0:07:10.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tell the difference between\Na real video and a fake one.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.02,0:07:16.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So how can the truth emerge\Nin a deepfake-ridden marketplace of ideas?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.75,0:07:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Will we just proceed along\Nthe path of least resistance
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.20,0:07:22.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and believe what we want to believe,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:22.66,0:07:23.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,truth be damned?
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.83,0:07:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And not only might we believe the fakery,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.03,0:07:31.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we might start disbelieving the truth.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.89,0:07:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've already seen people invoke\Nthe phenomenon of deepfakes
Dialogue: 0,0:07:35.99,0:07:39.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to cast doubt on real evidence\Nof their wrongdoing.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.93,0:07:45.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've heard politicians say of audio\Nof their disturbing comments,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.93,0:07:47.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Come on, that's fake news.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.70,0:07:51.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't believe what your eyes\Nand ears are telling you."
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.40,0:07:54.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it's that risk
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.16,0:07:59.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that professor Robert Chesney and I\Ncall the "liar's dividend":
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.62,0:08:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the risk that liars will invoke deepfakes
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.100,0:08:05.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to escape accountability\Nfor their wrongdoing.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.96,0:08:10.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we've got our work cut out for us,\Nthere's no doubt about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.61,0:08:13.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're going to need\Na proactive solution
Dialogue: 0,0:08:13.96,0:08:17.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from tech companies, from lawmakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:17.49,0:08:19.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,law enforcers and the media.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.09,0:08:24.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're going to need\Na healthy dose of societal resilience.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.51,0:08:29.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now, we're right now engaged\Nin a very public conversation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:29.43,0:08:32.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about the responsibility\Nof tech companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.93,0:08:35.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my advice to social media platforms
Dialogue: 0,0:08:35.98,0:08:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,has been to change their terms of service\Nand community guidelines
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.88,0:08:42.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to ban deepfakes that cause harm.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:42.71,0:08:46.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That determination,\Nthat's going to require human judgment,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.70,0:08:48.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's expensive.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.67,0:08:50.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we need human beings
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.98,0:08:54.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to look at the content\Nand context of a deepfake
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.88,0:08:58.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to figure out if it is\Na harmful impersonation
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.58,0:09:02.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or instead, if it's valuable\Nsatire, art or education.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.12,0:09:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So now, what about the law?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:06.67,0:09:09.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Law is our educator.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:09.52,0:09:13.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It teaches us about\Nwhat's harmful and what's wrong.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:13.58,0:09:18.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it shapes behavior it deters\Nby punishing perpetrators
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.16,0:09:20.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and securing remedies for victims.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.15,0:09:25.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right now, law is not up to\Nthe challenge of deepfakes.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:26.12,0:09:27.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Across the globe,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.53,0:09:29.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we lack well-tailored laws
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.100,0:09:33.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that would be designed to tackle\Ndigital impersonations
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.59,0:09:35.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that invade sexual privacy,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:35.85,0:09:37.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that damage reputations
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.26,0:09:39.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that cause emotional distress.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.72,0:09:43.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What happened to Rana Ayyub\Nis increasingly commonplace.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.07,0:09:46.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet, when she went\Nto law enforcement in Delhi,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.31,0:09:48.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she was told nothing could be done.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:49.10,0:09:52.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the sad truth is\Nthat the same would be true
Dialogue: 0,0:09:52.31,0:09:54.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the United States and in Europe.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:55.30,0:09:59.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have a legal vacuum\Nthat needs to be filled.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:00.29,0:10:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My colleague Dr. Mary Anne Franks and I\Nare working with US lawmakers
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.41,0:10:09.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to devise legislation that would ban\Nharmful digital impersonations
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.24,0:10:11.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that are tantamount to identity theft.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:12.25,0:10:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've seen similar moves
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.40,0:10:17.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in Iceland, the UK and Australia.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.16,0:10:21.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But of course, that's just a small piece\Nof the regulatory puzzle.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:22.91,0:10:26.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, I know law is not a cure-all. Right?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.10,0:10:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a blunt instrument.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.35,0:10:29.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we've got to use it wisely.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:30.41,0:10:33.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It also has some practical impediments.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:33.66,0:10:38.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You can't leverage law against people\Nyou can't identify and find.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.46,0:10:42.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if a perpetrator lives\Noutside the country
Dialogue: 0,0:10:42.77,0:10:44.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where a victim lives,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:44.55,0:10:46.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then you may not be able to insist
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.20,0:10:48.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the perpetrator\Ncome into local courts
Dialogue: 0,0:10:48.58,0:10:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to face justice.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:50.24,0:10:54.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we're going to need\Na coordinated international response.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.82,0:10:59.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Education has to be part\Nof our response as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:59.80,0:11:03.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Law enforcers are not\Ngoing to enforce laws
Dialogue: 0,0:11:03.56,0:11:05.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they don't know about
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.04,0:11:07.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and proffer problems\Nthey don't understand.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.38,0:11:10.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my research on cyberstalking,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:10.59,0:11:14.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I found that law enforcement\Nlacked the training
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.11,0:11:16.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to understand the laws available to them
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.72,0:11:19.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the problem of online abuse.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.09,0:11:21.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so often they told victims,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.80,0:11:25.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Just turn your computer off.\NIgnore it. It'll go away."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.26,0:11:28.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we saw that in Rana Ayyub's case.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.10,0:11:32.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She was told, "Come on,\Nyou're making such a big deal about this.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.59,0:11:34.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's boys being boys."
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.27,0:11:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we need to pair new legislation\Nwith efforts at training.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.05,0:11:45.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And education has to be aimed\Non the media as well.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.18,0:11:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Journalists need educating\Nabout the phenomenon of deepfakes
Dialogue: 0,0:11:50.46,0:11:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so they don't amplify and spread them.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:54.58,0:11:56.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is the part\Nwhere we're all involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.78,0:12:00.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each and every one of us needs educating.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.38,0:12:05.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We click, we share, we like,\Nand we don't even think about it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.55,0:12:07.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need to do better.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.73,0:12:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We need far better radar for fakery.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.74,0:12:17.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So as we're working\Nthrough these solutions,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.61,0:12:20.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there's going to be\Na lot of suffering to go around.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:21.09,0:12:23.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Rana Ayyub is still wrestling\Nwith the fallout.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:24.67,0:12:28.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She still doesn't feel free\Nto express herself on- and offline.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.57,0:12:30.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as she told me,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.96,0:12:36.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,she still feels like there are thousands\Nof eyes on her naked body,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:36.05,0:12:39.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though, intellectually,\Nshe knows it wasn't her body.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.37,0:12:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And she has frequent panic attacks,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.74,0:12:46.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,especially when someone she doesn't know\Ntries to take her picture.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:46.87,0:12:50.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"What if they're going to make\Nanother deepfake?" she thinks to herself.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:51.08,0:12:55.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so for the sake of\Nindividuals like Rana Ayyub
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.03,0:12:57.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the sake of our democracy,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:57.36,0:12:59.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to do something right now.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.56,0:13:00.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.74,0:13:03.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)