CHIN 212 lesson 20 review 1

This video is about CHIN 212 lesson 20 review 1

大家好。我叫张晓莉。
（dàjiā hǎo. wǒ jiào zhāngxiǎolì）

这是我的名字。中文- 张晓莉
(zhè shì wǒ de míngzì. zhōngwén- zhāngxiǎolì)

你可以叫我张老师。
(nǐ kěyǐ jiào wǒ zhāng lǎoshī.)

你可以叫我晓莉老师或者叫我晓。
(nǐ kěyǐ jiào wǒ xiǎo lì lǎoshī huòzhě jiào wǒ xiǎo.)

欢迎大家回来。
(huānyíng dàjiā huílái.)

欢迎大家回到大学的课堂里来。
(huānyíng dàjiā huí dào dàxué de kètáng lǐ lái.)

Welcome back to the classroom

今天是我们新学期的第一课。
(jīntiān shì wǒmen xīn xuéqí de dì yī kè.)

因为今天是第一堂课，是复习
(yīn wéi jīntiān shì dì yī táng kè, shì fùxí)

复习还记得吗？
(fùxí hái jìdé ma?)

复习是什么意思？
(fùxí shì shénme yìsi?)

是 review。

所以我们今天要讲的语法，
(suǒyǐ wǒmen jīntiān yào jiǎng de yǔfǎ)

你很多是已经学过的
(nǐ hěnduō shì yǐjīng xuéguò de)

学过 (xuéguò) 是 you have learned

most of them

好吗？
(hǎo ma?)

我们希望我们有一个很好的课堂
(wǒmen xīwàng wǒmen yǒu yīgè hěn hǎo de kètáng)

而且大家互相帮助
(érqiě dàjiā hùxiāng bāngzhù)

你有什么问题的话可以随时跟我提
(nǐ yǒu shén me wèntí dehuà kěyǐ suíshí gēn wǒ tí)

Any questions you can ask
your professor or after class.

好。来看我们今天的内容。
(hǎo. lái kàn wǒmen jīntiān de nèiróng.)

今天我们要学的呢是关于语法，
(jīntiān wǒmen yào xué de ne shì guānyú yǔfǎ)

关于语法的几个重要的成分
(guānyú yǔfǎ de jǐ gè zhòngyào de chéngfèn)

components.

大家已经知道中文的语法里主要有
(dàjiā yǐjīng zhīdào zhōngwén de yǔfǎ lǐ zhǔyào yǒu)

主语、谓语和宾语.
(zhǔyǔ, wèiyǔ hé bīnyǔ.)

这个是主语
(zhège shì zhǔyǔ)

这个是谓语
(zhège shì wèiyǔ)

这个是宾语. 懂吗？
(zhège shì bīnyǔ. Dǒng ma?)

Subject - predicate - and object

那么，这是什么呢？
(nàme, zhè shì shénme ne?)

这个就是今天我们要做的，这个叫attributive
(zhège jiùshì jīntiān wǒmen yào zuò de, zhège jiào attributive)

中文叫定语。我们来看句子
(zhōngwén jiào dìngyǔ. wǒmen lái kàn jùzi)

第一个句子：我有三本书
(dì yī gè jùzi: Wǒ yǒusān běn shū)

I hope you still remember
your Chinese characters

我有三本书。(wǒ yǒusān běn shū)
Understand what that means?

I have three books.

这个 '三本’ 就是attributive。什么意思呢？
(zhège'sān běn’ jiùshì attributive. shénme yìsi ne?)

这个三本是 modifying the book
(zhège sān běn shì)

Add more information

所以我们叫 attributive
(suǒyǐ wǒmen jiào)

来看第二个句子
(lái kàn dì èr gè jùzi)

他是老师的朋友。
(tā shì lǎoshī de péngyǒu.)

Basically you wanna say "He is a friend"

Who's friend?

老师的
(lǎoshī de)

这一部分就是attributive modifier 朋友
(Zhè yībùfèn jiùshì attributive modifier péngyǒu)

懂了吗？所以我们再说attributive
(dǒngle ma? Suǒyǐ wǒmen zàishuō attributive)

一般是一个数量或者是一个名词
( yībān shì yīgè shùliàng huòzhě shì yīgè míngcí)

A noun or number. Modify another noun

来看第二个
(lái kàn dì èr gè)

先看例句
(xiān kàn lìjù)

例句的意思是example sentence.
(lìjù de yìsi shì)

我很冷
(Wǒ hěn lěng)

which means?

Very cold. I'm very cold

This sentence is basic.
You want to say "I'm cold”

You don't have the "am" part because
Chinese only use adjectives and subjects directly

Now, we have this 很 in the middle

This is called adverbial

Adverb. So far, we have learned the
非常， 都，也 - (fēicháng, dōu, yě)

all these kinds of words,
we call an adverb

It's modifying a verb or adjective

Here is adjective 冷. I'm really cold

This really part is called the adverb

来看下一个句子
(Lái kàn xià yīgè jùzi)

下一个句子是：你一定是中国人
(xià yīgè jùzi shì: nǐ yīdìng shì zhōngguó rén)

一定意思是 must, got to be
(yīdìng yìsi shì)

You must be a Chinese (person)

Probably the sentence is based on
a previous connections or situations.

You can tell,

You speak Chinese so good,
你一定是中国人 (Nǐ yīdìng shì zhōngguó rén)

You must be Chinese

So, 一定是 emphasize the 是 part

I guarantee; I'm sure you are

This yīdìng part is called an attributive

Usually, we call this yīdìng an adverb

Of course, you can say
"My Chinese is very good."

我的中文非常好，非常。
(wǒ de zhōngwén fēicháng hǎo, fēicháng.)

It's adverbial

Now I want to remind you to be careful about this
adverb. It has to go with verb or with an adjective.

You can never put this word in
the beginning of the sentence.

I do see some people make mistakes

and put yīdìng (in the front)

must you Chinese. You are Chinese

You cannot put must here in Chinese

好吗？来看下一个
(Hǎo ma? Lái kàn xià yīgè)

下一个我们要说的叫complement
(xià yīgè wǒmen yào shuō de jiào complement)

这个呢稍微有一点儿难.
(zhège ne shāowéi yǒu yīdiǎner nán.)

It's little difficult,
a little complicated in Chinese

I just pick up some two
simple examples for you.

来看第一个句子：你带照片来了吗？
(Lái kàn dì yī gè jùzi: Nǐ dài zhàopiàn láile ma?)

你是 subject，带照片 to bring a photo;
to bring a picture, 来是 come

Did you bring a picture with
you when you came here?

That's 来 (lái)

带照片 (dài zhàopiàn) - it's a verb phrase

to become a predicate

subject - predicate

Now, you have something
come after this verb phrase

to add extra information or some
more words to explain this verb

that's usually called a complement

so, 你带照片了吗？
(Nǐ dài zhàopiàn le ma?)

If you don't have this 了，来

你带照片 is just simply
"Did you bring a picture?“

But I want to say
”Did you bring a picture with you?"

来 means when you come here, did
you have a picture with you?

That's what this 来 means

来看下一个句子：我比弟弟高两公分.
(Lái kàn xià yīgè jùzi: Wǒ bǐ dìdì gāo liǎng gōngfēn.)

I hope you remember 两公分. (liǎng gōngfēn.)

It's two centimeters

比 (bǐ) is obviously
A compared to B 高 （tall）

I compared to my younger brother taller

How much taller?

Two centimeters taller

我比弟弟高
(Wǒ bǐ dìdì gāo)

If you don't have this complement part,
the sentence still works

Just simply, I'm taller than
my younger brother

However, if you add the 两公分，
it's more detailed

it's more specific

That's, we call, a complement
part in Chinese sentences.

So there's many different part, could
be some grade, could be level

could be directions

so, we will explain more in the future.

That's all for now.

谢谢。 Thank you