How reading affects creativity and critical thinking | Hana Saleh | TEDxMisurata
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0:18 - 0:19(Arabic) Peace be upon you.
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0:19 - 0:21(Audience) (Arabic)
Peace be upon you. -
0:22 - 0:27I was 17 when I finally
came back to Libya for good. -
0:30 - 0:32Growing up in Switzerland,
-
0:32 - 0:37I believe the worst thing
that I found really challenging as a kid -
0:37 - 0:41was how to spell the word "Switzerland."
-
0:46 - 0:50Even now, decades later,
as an assistant lecturer, -
0:50 - 0:53I still despise writing that word.
-
0:54 - 0:58On my phone, I entered
this word in shortcuts, -
0:59 - 1:05using the English transliteration
of "Sweesra," which is the Arabic version, -
1:05 - 1:08and it would automatically
write it for me, -
1:08 - 1:11so thank goodness for technology.
-
1:12 - 1:16There's so many daunting words
in almost all languages, -
1:16 - 1:21either because of their spelling
or because of their meaning per se, -
1:21 - 1:26but still, that's not an excuse
for us to not learn them. -
1:32 - 1:35Life is a school, they say,
-
1:35 - 1:37and there are various elements
-
1:37 - 1:40that contribute
to the formation of knowledge. -
1:41 - 1:45Early on in life, we learn
initially from our parents, -
1:45 - 1:49but for certain mundane reasons,
they just can't give it all. -
1:49 - 1:52And that's perhaps
why we need to go to school - -
1:52 - 1:58in order to learn from other individuals
who specialize in this field or that. -
1:59 - 2:02Therefore, our language skills
are established -
2:04 - 2:09by means of absorbing the words
that float out of coarse materials -
2:09 - 2:12and the mouths of our teachers.
-
2:15 - 2:17With words we speak,
-
2:17 - 2:22and through speaking, we express ourselves
and communicate with each other. -
2:22 - 2:25But not all of us are gifted speakers.
-
2:25 - 2:29I for one am not an outspoken person,
-
2:29 - 2:35especially when it comes to expressing
my inner thoughts and true emotions. -
2:36 - 2:41As a child, I was a very shy person,
especially with strangers, -
2:41 - 2:46and no sooner, I found comfort in writing.
-
2:46 - 2:51In junior high school, I wrote
a short composition about my childhood, -
2:51 - 2:54and at the end of that day,
-
2:54 - 2:59I discovered that my teacher actually read
that piece to almost half the school. -
3:00 - 3:02He later on told me
-
3:02 - 3:06that my career would definitely
have something to do with writing, -
3:06 - 3:11and even at that time,
I had a pretty good feeling that it would. -
3:13 - 3:20In high school is when I actually started
to read full-length novels. -
3:20 - 3:26My first classic novel
was written by Louisa May Alcott, -
3:26 - 3:27"Little Women,"
-
3:27 - 3:33followed by contemporary works,
namely Mills & Boon's. -
3:34 - 3:38When I was 14,
I was obsessed by comic books, -
3:38 - 3:41like almost any other teenager.
-
3:42 - 3:45I used to read Nabil Farouk.
-
3:45 - 3:51He's the writer of "Adham Sabri:
The Man of the Impossible." -
3:52 - 3:56I also used to read the Archie comics.
-
3:57 - 4:03I was inspired by the character
of Betty Cooper to write diary entries, -
4:03 - 4:05and I still do so till now.
-
4:05 - 4:07When I started college,
-
4:07 - 4:12I discovered that there was a sort
of lacking in my writing techniques, -
4:13 - 4:18namely in organization,
-
4:18 - 4:21sentence structure and also focus.
-
4:22 - 4:27Now at that point,
I thought I had been an avid reader, -
4:27 - 4:31and that shouldn't be a problem for me.
-
4:31 - 4:38But that actually urged me
to change my approach towards reading. -
4:38 - 4:41I started reading as a student,
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4:42 - 4:45which means not just reading for pleasure
-
4:45 - 4:50but also learning the tricks
of the trade from the masters. -
4:57 - 5:02With further motivation
by my late colleague and mentor, -
5:02 - 5:05Mrs. Sabah Kareem - God bless her soul -
-
5:05 - 5:10I decided to do
my masters degree in writing, -
5:10 - 5:13and by the end of 2010,
-
5:13 - 5:18I received my degree in writing
for performance and publication -
5:18 - 5:21from Leeds University.
-
5:22 - 5:24I had the greatest chance there
-
5:24 - 5:29of exploring my ability
in writing short stories -
5:29 - 5:33as well as writing for stage and screen.
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5:35 - 5:38Creative writing honors imagination,
-
5:38 - 5:43so why does it seem
like a secluded area or zone -
5:43 - 5:45that we hardly delve into
-
5:45 - 5:51in order to give it the space
to thrive and to flourish? -
5:52 - 5:58Allow me now to talk about my experience
teaching creative writing here, in Libya. -
5:58 - 6:00And I say Libya as a whole
-
6:00 - 6:03because I believe
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6:03 - 6:08this is an issue that prevails
in almost all regions here in Libya: -
6:08 - 6:14the problem of learning
a foreign language and actually using it. -
6:16 - 6:19In early 2010,
-
6:20 - 6:22shortly after I came back from the UK,
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6:22 - 6:28I introduced creative writing
for the first time in Misurata University. -
6:28 - 6:31I was so excited about the whole thing,
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6:32 - 6:35but apparently, the students weren't.
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6:36 - 6:41Only one student
enrolled for that semester. -
6:41 - 6:45And therefore the course
had to be canceled. -
6:47 - 6:49But the next semester was quite promising;
-
6:49 - 6:53I had 11 students - not bad -
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6:53 - 6:55followed by 50,
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6:55 - 6:59and then a whopping 80 at one semester.
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6:59 - 7:04Now, for creative writing,
the number of students can be problematic, -
7:04 - 7:10especially if they are crammed
in a classroom of 35 students or so. -
7:11 - 7:15The real difficulty, however,
is when you realize -
7:15 - 7:18that they actually don't get it.
-
7:18 - 7:20So how's that?
-
7:21 - 7:25Regardless of the many occasions
in which they come to me -
7:25 - 7:29quite frankly and say, "We hate writing."
-
7:29 - 7:35I believe the dominant reasons
behind this hatred, in their opinion, -
7:35 - 7:40is because "I don't know how to write,"
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7:40 - 7:45and "Why should I? I don't have to."
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7:48 - 7:52So "How do I write?"
versus "Why should I write?" -
7:52 - 7:58Now, with regards to the first question,
I will not touch upon illiteracy, -
7:58 - 8:00because definitely,
-
8:00 - 8:05anybody who has been through
a considerable amount of schooling -
8:05 - 8:09would definitely know
how to put pen to paper. -
8:10 - 8:15With creative writing,
I am dealing with writing short stories. -
8:15 - 8:20And for that, you will need
to come up with ideas. -
8:20 - 8:23Normally, ideas come from inspiration,
-
8:25 - 8:31and the thing that seems to hinder
my students is limited muse. -
8:35 - 8:39They have confined, or limited, themselves
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8:39 - 8:46into a very limited, basically,
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8:46 - 8:49range of topics and themes,
-
8:49 - 8:55let alone a list of inadequate
words to choose from. -
8:55 - 8:57Now, personally,
-
8:57 - 9:03I'm not very talented
in creating or conducting surveys, -
9:03 - 9:09but according to my experience
teaching creative writing for three years, -
9:10 - 9:16I believe the dominant topics and themes
that I have come across are as follows: -
9:18 - 9:20So we have five columns.
-
9:21 - 9:23We'll start with poverty,
-
9:24 - 9:29poverty as a means
to actually lead the main character -
9:29 - 9:32to take up jobs that are quite demeaning.
-
9:32 - 9:35For example, he has to cook in a kitchen,
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9:36 - 9:38or he has to be a house cleaner,
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9:38 - 9:41or maybe he becomes a thug.
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9:42 - 9:43The second one -
-
9:43 - 9:46which is quite popular
by the girls, by the way - -
9:46 - 9:47marriage.
-
9:48 - 9:52The main character
has to leave the one she loves -
9:52 - 9:56in order to, you know, marry someone else
-
9:56 - 10:02who is either richer or has some kind
of higher influence in society. -
10:03 - 10:05Cancer seems to be the winning ailment
-
10:05 - 10:08whenever there is a chance
-
10:08 - 10:12for them to talk about someone
who gets ill and later on dies. -
10:12 - 10:18So this is the easiest way,
the easiest route, towards death. -
10:19 - 10:21And then car accident.
-
10:21 - 10:23This is quite surprising to me
-
10:23 - 10:26because every time
they want to kill the parents, -
10:26 - 10:30they have them killed in a car accident.
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10:32 - 10:36Social disputes are namely inheritance,
-
10:36 - 10:38the ever-evil uncle
-
10:39 - 10:42and the love triangles
that happen at school. -
10:45 - 10:49Now, some of you might think
that this is actually fine -
10:49 - 10:51given the students' background.
-
10:51 - 10:53It actually is fine
-
10:53 - 10:58because people tend to write
about things that they know truly well. -
10:58 - 11:04But the problem is when they write
about things or stories -
11:04 - 11:08they believe is what other people
expect from them. -
11:08 - 11:10This is where the limitation lies.
-
11:12 - 11:16Now, imagine, if we go back to this box,
-
11:16 - 11:22imagine this is the structure
of our culture - these five columns - -
11:22 - 11:24incredibly limited,
-
11:24 - 11:27and at the same time,
it really gets tiring -
11:27 - 11:30when you're subject to it every semester.
-
11:30 - 11:35There was this one semester
when I firmly announced to my students, -
11:35 - 11:38"Please don't kill the parents
in a car accident. -
11:39 - 11:44If you don't want them in the story,
then just keep them home, safe and sound, -
11:45 - 11:49and then move on
to something worthy of telling." -
11:53 - 11:58We need to think
outside this cultural box. -
11:58 - 12:01A foreign colleague of mine once said,
-
12:01 - 12:06"We're dealing with students
who haven't really experienced life." -
12:06 - 12:08And he was right.
-
12:08 - 12:11How can we expect creativity from students
-
12:12 - 12:18whose experience range is probably
three out of five of these columns? -
12:24 - 12:28That is when we need
to put a book in one's hand. -
12:29 - 12:33Reading not only makes you
become a better writer: -
12:33 - 12:36Through living the lives
of fictitious characters, -
12:37 - 12:41we learn from how they deal
with abnormal circumstances -
12:41 - 12:44and learn from their mishaps.
-
12:45 - 12:50We also delve into the various
cultures of life, of the world, -
12:50 - 12:52and there's our free ticket:
-
12:52 - 12:55we have successfully broadened our minds,
-
12:55 - 13:00and we're practically ready
for the extraordinary. -
13:06 - 13:09So if we go back to this box
-
13:09 - 13:14and imagine that we have students
-
13:14 - 13:20who have read books that actually relate
to these topics and themes, -
13:20 - 13:22What are the possibilities,
-
13:22 - 13:28what are the creative possibilities
that they will be able to present? -
13:29 - 13:36So here we have the five topics
that I mentioned earlier, -
13:36 - 13:40the five things that seem to be on repeat,
-
13:40 - 13:46and examples of novels
that deal with these themes. -
13:46 - 13:52"The Hunger Games" is a very good example
that talks about poverty, -
13:52 - 13:53by Suzanne Collins.
-
13:53 - 13:59The main character
is forced to enter a tournament -
13:59 - 14:03where contestants actually
kill each other in order to win. -
14:04 - 14:05There's an idea.
-
14:05 - 14:07The second one,
-
14:07 - 14:09"Pride and Prejudice," by Jane Austen.
-
14:09 - 14:15Now, this is a novel that's been written
almost 200 years ago, -
14:15 - 14:17two centuries ago.
-
14:18 - 14:24The thing that makes it long lasting
and still alive is because - -
14:24 - 14:28I mean for this specific
topic of marriage - -
14:28 - 14:31is because the main character,
Elizabeth Bennet, -
14:31 - 14:35actually opposed social code.
-
14:35 - 14:39Imagine that happening back then.
-
14:40 - 14:42"My Sister's Keeper"
-
14:42 - 14:47has brilliant issues
or cases of health issues, -
14:47 - 14:49by Jodi Picoult.
-
14:49 - 14:53We have more than one, which is cancer.
-
14:53 - 14:58We have acute promyelocytic leukemia,
-
14:58 - 15:03which is blood and bone marrow cancer.
-
15:03 - 15:09We also have drug abuse in this novel
and a case of epilepsy. -
15:12 - 15:16I will not comment on the car accident:
please don't kill the parents. -
15:17 - 15:19So, moving on to social
disputes, the last one, -
15:19 - 15:24"In the Country of Men,"
written by our very own Hisham Matar. -
15:25 - 15:30Here we have a story about political chaos
-
15:30 - 15:36that actually affected a domestic life
-
15:37 - 15:42as a result to what was going on
here in Libya back in the '70s. -
15:47 - 15:49So, before I move on,
-
15:49 - 15:54I'd like to quickly acknowledge
some of the previous works of my students -
15:55 - 16:00who have been able to come up
with extremely creative stories. -
16:00 - 16:07One student wrote a story
about an American who converted to Islam -
16:07 - 16:12after living among a group
of Tuaregs here in Libya. -
16:12 - 16:17A second good example is -
one of the students wrote about -
16:17 - 16:23the struggle of a man who's trying to flee
the Rwandan Civil War in the early '90s. -
16:25 - 16:27The third example
I'd like to present to you -
16:27 - 16:33is about a creature
who's created from mist, -
16:33 - 16:36and he's the last of his kind
-
16:36 - 16:41and the only one who's able
to stand in the face of evil. -
16:42 - 16:47This was written by the translator
that's translating to you, by the way. -
16:51 - 16:54So, going back to those two questions.
-
16:55 - 16:57How do I write
now that we've read, -
16:57 - 17:00now that we've broadened our minds?
-
17:01 - 17:02Well, of course,
-
17:02 - 17:07you need to start reading books
that might be of interest to you -
17:07 - 17:10and for authors who are actually -
-
17:12 - 17:14whose style of writing
you find interesting. -
17:16 - 17:19And then you start putting pen to paper.
-
17:20 - 17:21You scribble.
-
17:21 - 17:22You draft.
-
17:22 - 17:25You redraft, maybe 100 times.
-
17:25 - 17:26And then you're done.
-
17:27 - 17:29The second question - why should I?
-
17:29 - 17:31Well, actually you don't have to write
-
17:32 - 17:33unless you're one of my students -
-
17:33 - 17:35then you just have to do it.
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17:39 - 17:42Storytelling is an art;
-
17:42 - 17:45it allows you to translate
your inner thoughts -
17:45 - 17:48and perhaps your philosophy in life.
-
17:49 - 17:53And that's actually why
people enjoy reading. -
17:53 - 17:57There's a literature
that needs to be conveyed -
17:57 - 18:01for generations to coexist and intertwine.
-
18:02 - 18:07I'd like to conclude
with a quote by Elif Shafak, -
18:07 - 18:10the author of "The Forty Rules of Love."
-
18:17 - 18:18Okay.
-
18:18 - 18:24"Isn't connecting people to distant lands
and countries and cultures -
18:24 - 18:28one of the great strengths
of good literature?" -
18:28 - 18:30Indeed, it is.
-
18:30 - 18:33So let's start thinking outside that box.
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18:34 - 18:35Thank you.
-
18:35 - 18:37(Applause)
- Title:
- How reading affects creativity and critical thinking | Hana Saleh | TEDxMisurata
- Description:
-
By analyzing her experience as an assistant lecturer of creative writing at Misurata University, Hana Saleh explores the troubles students can have with writing creatively. She suggests that reading good fiction offers them a view of the world that expands their imagination.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 18:45
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Retired user edited English subtitles for How reading affects creativity and critical thinking | Hana Saleh | TEDxMisurata | ||
Retired user edited English subtitles for How reading affects creativity and critical thinking | Hana Saleh | TEDxMisurata | ||
Retired user edited English subtitles for How reading affects creativity and critical thinking | Hana Saleh | TEDxMisurata |