[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.89,0:00:05.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Welcome to our next participant.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.73,0:00:09.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Her name is Giulia Enders.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.10,0:00:14.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She studies at the Goethe University \Nin Frankfurt.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:14.32,0:00:20.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Applause to Giulia Enders.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.90,0:00:23.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The next 10 minutes are yours!
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.78,0:00:27.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:27.24,0:00:30.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Okay, I study medicine --
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.53,0:00:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Cheers)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.67,0:00:33.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- yes, exactly.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.92,0:00:37.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And studying medicine \Nreally comes in handy \N
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.77,0:00:40.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when i'm having coffee \Nand tea with my aunties.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:40.89,0:00:43.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because usually they ask you \Nwhat you study.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.44,0:00:45.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And whereas my sister needs \Nhalf an hour to explain
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.85,0:00:48.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,what Communication Design is,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.27,0:00:49.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I can just say:
Dialogue: 0,0:00:49.37,0:00:51.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,medicine.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:51.26,0:00:52.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.35,0:00:56.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And my aunties just look at me \Nall happy and satisfied.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.43,0:00:59.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.55,0:01:03.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is nice, but it lasts only 30 seconds, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.69,0:01:05.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then the usual question:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:05.75,0:01:08.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What field of medicine \Nare you going to specialize in?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.42,0:01:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then I must confess:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.93,0:01:14.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have been crazy about the digestive tract \Nsince my first semester.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.96,0:01:19.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It began with the anus,\Nand now I'm hooked to it!
Dialogue: 0,0:01:19.10,0:01:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.81,0:01:29.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Suddenly all the enthusiasm trickles away,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:29.55,0:01:32.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,usually there ensues an awkward silence.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.98,0:01:35.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the next question comes \Nfrom the far corner of the room:
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.66,0:01:39.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And what is Communication Design good for?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.56,0:01:40.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:40.97,0:01:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is a pity, because the bowels \Nare very charming.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.49,0:01:45.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:45.67,0:01:48.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm not sure what my aunties think.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.53,0:01:52.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But I suspect they think \Nit's about tons of poop
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.52,0:01:53.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.73,0:01:57.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in all shapes and sizes
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.46,0:02:02.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or about other people's excrements
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.95,0:02:08.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:02:08.77,0:02:14.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or about obscure cleansing methods
Dialogue: 0,0:02:14.00,0:02:18.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that make us walk like this \Nout of doctor's room
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.89,0:02:23.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or internet videos that are so graphic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.04,0:02:29.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that it's quite enough to watch \Nother people's reaction to them.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.41,0:02:31.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Even science can find reasons
Dialogue: 0,0:02:31.20,0:02:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to hate the bowel.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.84,0:02:35.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these are also the very reasons \Nwhy the bowel is so fascinating:
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.62,0:02:37.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's 100 times larger \Nthen the area of the skin.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:37.45,0:02:39.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Just think of hundred Giulias \Nstanding here on this stage.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.35,0:02:41.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Such a thin tube,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:41.02,0:02:42.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,with so much immune system inside,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.52,0:02:44.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so many hormones produced,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:44.40,0:02:48.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,100 trillion gut bacteria,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:48.41,0:02:50.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's the number of humans \Ntimes the number of humans\N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.41,0:02:52.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,times two.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.48,0:02:55.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The gut has such a completely \Nindependent nervous system
Dialogue: 0,0:02:55.91,0:02:58.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that if I cut out a piece and tap on it \N
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.19,0:03:00.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it would just mumble a friendly reply.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:00.83,0:03:02.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.74,0:03:04.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's very complex \Nand science is afraid of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.71,0:03:06.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is understandable,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.51,0:03:08.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but my grandmother says \Nthat if you really like something,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.65,0:03:10.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if it is overwhelming \Nin the beginning,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.46,0:03:12.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you should approach it step by step,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.13,0:03:13.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then even if you step in a puddle,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.97,0:03:15.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,only one foot gets wet.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.98,0:03:23.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:23.66,0:03:26.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's begin. Here's the esophagus.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:26.24,0:03:28.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It makes powerful movements \Nand pushes the food downward.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:28.70,0:03:30.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It falls into the stomach,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.05,0:03:32.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which cradles and rocks it a bit,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.02,0:03:34.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and feeds it into the small intestine,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.52,0:03:36.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where it's sort of magically kneaded,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.66,0:03:38.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,diminishing in bulk during the process,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.25,0:03:39.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then it passes through the colon
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.86,0:03:42.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and comes out from the anus, \Nit all sounds so simple.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.36,0:03:44.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But if we focus on a single process --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:44.49,0:03:46.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- I go for the anus --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.68,0:03:51.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then we realize it's a bit more complex \Nthan expected.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.64,0:03:53.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I actually didn't pick \Nthis subject on my own
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.52,0:03:55.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rather my roommate asked me:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.12,0:03:57.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Giulia, you study medicine:
Dialogue: 0,0:03:57.31,0:03:59.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How does pooping work?
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.20,0:04:02.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.50,0:04:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have noticed that the anus \Nis actually very communicative.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.96,0:04:11.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's an intermediate between \Ntwo worlds of consciousness.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.12,0:04:14.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Here's an internal sphincter
Dialogue: 0,0:04:14.84,0:04:17.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and here's an external anal sphincter.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.80,0:04:20.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We know the external one very well.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:20.10,0:04:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's say: A - O - A - O
Dialogue: 0,0:04:24.40,0:04:26.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Audience: A - O - A - O
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.16,0:04:28.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I meant with your anus.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.01,0:04:29.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.28,0:04:32.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Probably many are doing it right now, \Nwe just don't see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.76,0:04:35.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, you see we can do it.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.00,0:04:37.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I say, now do the same --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.52,0:04:44.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.31,0:04:48.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I say, now do the same \Nwith your internal sphincter --
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.52,0:04:50.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- it's more difficult.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.78,0:04:51.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.92,0:04:54.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Perhaps somebody managed...
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.64,0:04:57.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But we can see there's a difference.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.07,0:04:59.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's not under our command.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.49,0:05:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Let's take a look at the process:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.92,0:05:05.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when digested food arrives \Nat the internal sphincter,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:05.57,0:05:09.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it opens up and lets a little morsel \Npass through for testing.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:09.31,0:05:11.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.35,0:05:16.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there are sensor cells \Nin between the two sphincters.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.80,0:05:20.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These cells analyze \Nwhether it is solid or gaseous \N
Dialogue: 0,0:05:20.56,0:05:22.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and notify the brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.27,0:05:23.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:23.73,0:05:25.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And then the brain realizes:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:25.60,0:05:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ah, I must poop.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.67,0:05:29.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.32,0:05:33.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the brain does what it's good at:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.10,0:05:35.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It informs us of our surroundings.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:35.54,0:05:36.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It might say, for example:
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.89,0:05:38.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,well, I have looked,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:38.82,0:05:43.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.46,0:05:46.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we are at the Science Slam right now,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.90,0:05:48.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,perhaps some gas is all right,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:48.84,0:05:53.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you let it pass very silently,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:53.06,0:05:55.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but something solid \Nwould not be so good.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.72,0:05:57.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.81,0:06:00.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So they unite their efforts \Nand push it back in
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.75,0:06:02.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.92,0:06:05.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it goes back in the queue,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.40,0:06:08.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it has to come out, eventually.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:08.02,0:06:10.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But when we are at home, \Nwith nothing better to do, \N
Dialogue: 0,0:06:10.100,0:06:13.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then -- free to go!
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.38,0:06:26.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:06:27.02,0:06:31.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The anus is just the tip of the iceberg.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.59,0:06:35.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Auntie 1: What did she say?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.77,0:06:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Auntie 2: I think she said that the anus \Nis just the tip of the iceberg.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.52,0:06:44.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The anus is really \Njust the tip of the iceberg.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:44.93,0:06:51.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are 2 cm that we perceive \Nand that we can control
Dialogue: 0,0:06:51.11,0:06:54.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the whole rest --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.12,0:06:57.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- if we want to know what happens there
Dialogue: 0,0:06:57.18,0:07:00.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we need to look at the border area.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:00.43,0:07:06.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we chose something which is \Nboth unconscious and conscious.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:06.49,0:07:11.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are 7 basic emotions \Nthat show on the face,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.60,0:07:14.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they are same for all the people worldwide, \Nin all cultures,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:14.75,0:07:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,here are 3 of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:16.47,0:07:17.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,fear,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:17.42,0:07:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,joy,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.27,0:07:19.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sadness.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:19.56,0:07:24.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These basic emotions show in our faces \Nwhen we feel them
Dialogue: 0,0:07:24.73,0:07:28.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in the first split second \Nwe cannot suppress them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.26,0:07:31.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That reminds us a bit \Nof our internal sphincter,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:31.12,0:07:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we cannot control \Nconsciously either,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.74,0:07:34.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's not a far fetched comparison.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:34.30,0:07:37.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,For when we were little embryological \Nheaps of cells in the womb
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.43,0:07:39.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,there wasn't much of a face --
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.30,0:07:41.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,- there was just the front opening \Nof the intestinal tube.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:41.73,0:07:45.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And finally it was decided: \NO.K., let's create a face around it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:45.40,0:07:48.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,seems like people like it,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.07,0:07:51.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it was a part of this \Nunconscious tube of muscle
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.70,0:07:56.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is why we don't have perfect control \Nover our facial expression.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:56.08,0:07:59.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We can control our arm any time, \Nbut not our mimics.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:59.74,0:08:05.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That brings up the question \Nwhat the bowel does with all these emotions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:05.01,0:08:07.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it feels fear,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.41,0:08:09.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if it can laugh
Dialogue: 0,0:08:09.52,0:08:12.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or be sad.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:12.05,0:08:16.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And there we are touching \Non the deeper layers of the iceberg
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.47,0:08:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,on the subconsciousness,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:18.92,0:08:20.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and people start arguing,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:20.77,0:08:24.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because many people believe that the bowels \Nhave no influence on our emotions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.44,0:08:26.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that they're just a bunch of cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.20,0:08:30.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the brain, the DNA and the genes \Nare the cause of our feelings.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.15,0:08:32.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, there are two basic viewpoints:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.13,0:08:34.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One being that the brain \Ndecides on an emotion
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.56,0:08:37.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and tells all other organs what to do,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.13,0:08:40.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the other being that the gut \Nis also involved in our emotions,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:40.61,0:08:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,thoughts, and perhaps even our behavior.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.78,0:08:48.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's just take something
Dialogue: 0,0:08:48.30,0:08:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which has no connection \Nwith our genes and our DNA:
Dialogue: 0,0:08:51.21,0:08:53.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,this huge gut flora.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:53.92,0:08:56.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have this whole population of bacteria \Ninside of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.25,0:09:00.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can weigh up to 2 kg, \Nwhich would be quite normal,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.48,0:09:04.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's a collection of things, \Ndecisions, what we have eaten
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.53,0:09:07.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the environment that surrounds us,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.60,0:09:12.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our very own Pokemon collection \Nof intestinal bacteria.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.86,0:09:15.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'd like to introduce you to all of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.40,0:09:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but 60% of them we don't even know at all
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.65,0:09:20.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,since we cannot cultivate them,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:20.13,0:09:21.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they just like it so much in our gut,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.88,0:09:25.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that we can't simply \Nobserve them in a Petri dish.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:25.64,0:09:28.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But since they do have an influence,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:28.23,0:09:32.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,scientists began to research them \Nintensively in the last years.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.12,0:09:33.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Some basic things \Nwere already known before:
Dialogue: 0,0:09:33.98,0:09:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they train our immune system,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.21,0:09:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,our blood type is determined \Nby this training and influence,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.58,0:09:44.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we have really bad ones \Nthen we get bad diarrhea.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:44.90,0:09:46.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what about the discreet ones
Dialogue: 0,0:09:46.58,0:09:48.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,quietly doing their job all day long?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.46,0:09:51.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So many different types operating \Nin a huge variety of ways.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:51.40,0:09:53.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is their influence?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.50,0:09:56.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so we have another Babel,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.58,0:09:59.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is my passion,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:59.10,0:10:04.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and about which we start \Nasking ourselves many questions:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.88,0:10:07.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If I have certain gut bacteria,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:07.69,0:10:10.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,will I get fatter than others even though \NI eat the same food as them?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.70,0:10:14.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can I become depressed \Nbecause of some kinds of gut bacteria?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.08,0:10:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Do some gut bugs protect me from cancer
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.22,0:10:19.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,while others promote it?
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.16,0:10:25.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And most of these questions \Nare getting answered positively.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.68,0:10:28.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this field is so interesting,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.85,0:10:31.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's constantly on my mind.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.60,0:10:35.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have been in neuroscience in Frankfurt \Nfor the last half a year,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:35.20,0:10:37.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we are doing experiments \Nwith endogenous proteins
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.83,0:10:41.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,trying to find out whether they protect \Nor harm nerve cells
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.57,0:10:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but I keep thinking, I want to do this \Nwith proteins from gut bacteria!
Dialogue: 0,0:10:46.64,0:10:49.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They did a study with a truly \Namazing outcome:
Dialogue: 0,0:10:49.29,0:10:53.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bowels [of mice] were colonized \Nwith certain bacteria
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.85,0:10:55.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then under conditions of stress,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.40,0:10:57.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when the gut gets leaky,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.45,0:11:00.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they developed memory lapses \Nof 10 to 30 days.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.08,0:11:02.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,With simultaneous doses of probiotics -- \N[no memory loss].
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.66,0:11:05.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so I wanted to know: \NO.K., how's that?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.81,0:11:08.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And other questions \Nwhich I keep carrying around.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:08.45,0:11:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There is almost no research being done \Non this subject in Germany,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:11.29,0:11:14.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I really want to promote this.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:14.13,0:11:15.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's why I hope you got something out of this,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:15.77,0:11:17.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for example that the anus is communicative,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:17.35,0:11:20.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if you see a beautiful lady smiling \Nit's all right to think of her digestive tract,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.64,0:11:22.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:22.07,0:11:24.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the gut is very close to the people, \Nwith a lot of private property,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.61,0:11:27.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you all have your own gut population, \Ntake good care of it,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.38,0:11:29.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope you are more fond of it now,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:29.11,0:11:33.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some politicians might even \Nstart fearing its competition,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.45,0:11:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I hope the ladies are happier now,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:36.43,0:11:39.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you all for listening \Nand thanks to my sister,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.09,0:11:42.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because she made this possible \Nwith communication design!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:42.38,0:11:47.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.23,0:11:49.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Giulia Enders!
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.85,0:11:53.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.95,0:11:55.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,-- easy, isn't it?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:55.65,0:11:59.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So let's give today's winner
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.07,0:12:01.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some more of our time and attention:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:01.98,0:12:04.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a short scientific encore!
Dialogue: 0,0:12:04.51,0:12:09.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you have the last word!
Dialogue: 0,0:12:09.08,0:12:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How nice, how unusual...
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.77,0:12:15.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have something to share \Nwhich I always forget,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.56,0:12:17.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and actually it's quite cool,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.57,0:12:19.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have told you about those sensor cells,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.85,0:12:22.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that distinguish between \Ngaseous and solid,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:22.53,0:12:26.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there is a state of matter \Nwhich is missing -- liquid,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.85,0:12:30.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it is always a bit of an awkward topic \Nfor the audience,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:30.77,0:12:33.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but perhaps some of \Nyou are familiar with this:
Dialogue: 0,0:12:33.23,0:12:37.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you have diarrhea, you feel you have to fart, \Ndo you end up with your pants full?
Dialogue: 0,0:12:37.53,0:12:40.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your gut can't distinguish liquid from gas, \Nso it just takes its chances!
Dialogue: 0,0:12:40.85,0:12:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was it!
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.88,0:12:50.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter) (Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.00,0:12:53.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have forgotten it in Freiburg already, \NI always forget it...