How does impeachment work? - Alex Gendler
-
0:07 - 0:11For most jobs, it's understood
that you can be fired, -
0:11 - 0:12whether for crime,
-
0:12 - 0:13incompetence,
-
0:13 - 0:16or just poor performance.
-
0:16 - 0:21But what if your job happens to be
the most powerful position in the country, -
0:21 - 0:23or the world?
-
0:23 - 0:25That's where impeachment comes in.
-
0:25 - 0:29Impeachment isn't the same
as actually removing someone from office. -
0:29 - 0:32Like an indictment in criminal court,
-
0:32 - 0:36it's only the formal accusation
that launches a trial, -
0:36 - 0:40which could end in conviction
or acquittal. -
0:40 - 0:42Originating in the United Kingdom,
-
0:42 - 0:48impeachment allowed Parliament to vote for
removing a government official from office -
0:48 - 0:50even without the king's consent.
-
0:50 - 0:54Although this was an important check
on royal power, -
0:54 - 0:56the king couldn't be impeached
-
0:56 - 1:00because the monarch was considered
the source of all government power. -
1:00 - 1:03But for the founders
of the American Republic, -
1:03 - 1:07there was no higher authority
beyond the people themselves. -
1:07 - 1:11And so impeachment was adopted in
the United States as a power of Congress -
1:11 - 1:17applying to any civil officers,
up to and including the president. -
1:17 - 1:21Although demands for impeachment
can come from any members of the public, -
1:21 - 1:27only the House of Representatives has the
power to actually initiate the process. -
1:27 - 1:30It begins by referring the matter
to a committee, -
1:30 - 1:32usually the House Committee on Rules
-
1:32 - 1:35and the House Committee on the Judiciary.
-
1:35 - 1:37These committees review the accusations,
-
1:37 - 1:38examine the evidence,
-
1:38 - 1:41and issue a recommendation.
-
1:41 - 1:43If they find sufficient
grounds to proceed, -
1:43 - 1:48the House holds a separate vote
on each of the specific charges, -
1:48 - 1:51known as Articles of Impeachment.
-
1:51 - 1:54If one or more passes
by a simple majority, -
1:54 - 1:59the official is impeached
and the stage is set for trial. -
1:59 - 2:03The actual trial that follows impeachment
is held in the Senate. -
2:03 - 2:08Selected members of the House,
known as managers, act as the prosecution, -
2:08 - 2:13while the impeached official
and their lawyers present their defense. -
2:13 - 2:16The Senate acts as both judge and jury,
-
2:16 - 2:21conducting the trial and deliberating
after hearing all the arguments. -
2:21 - 2:24If it's the president or vice president
being impeached, -
2:24 - 2:27the chief justice
of the Supreme Court presides. -
2:27 - 2:32A conviction requires a supermajority
of two-thirds -
2:32 - 2:35and results in automatic removal
from power. -
2:35 - 2:37Depending on the original charges,
-
2:37 - 2:41it can also disqualify them
from holding office in the future -
2:41 - 2:45and open them to standard
criminal prosecution. -
2:45 - 2:49So what exactly can get someone impeached?
-
2:49 - 2:50That's a bit more complicated.
-
2:50 - 2:52Unlike in the United Kingdom,
-
2:52 - 2:56impeachment in the U.S.
pits an elected legislature -
2:56 - 3:00against other democratically
elected members of government. -
3:00 - 3:04Therefore, to prevent the process
from being used as a political weapon, -
3:04 - 3:08the Constitution specifies that
an official can only be impeached -
3:08 - 3:09for treason,
-
3:09 - 3:10bribery,
-
3:10 - 3:13or other high crimes
and misdemeanors. -
3:13 - 3:16That still leaves a lot of room
for interpretation, -
3:16 - 3:18not to mention politics,
-
3:18 - 3:23and many impeachment trials
have split along partisan lines. -
3:23 - 3:29But the process is generally understood to
be reserved for serious abuses of power. -
3:29 - 3:35The first official to be impeached was
Tennesse Senator William Blount in 1797 -
3:35 - 3:41for conspiring with Britain to cease
the Spanish colony of Louisiana. -
3:41 - 3:45Since then, the House has launched
impeachment investigations about 60 times, -
3:45 - 3:50but only 19 have led to actual
impeachment proceedings. -
3:50 - 3:54The eight cases that ended
in a conviction and removal from office -
3:54 - 3:56were all federal judges.
-
3:56 - 4:00And impeachment of a sitting president
is even more rare. -
4:00 - 4:03Andrew Johnson was impeached in 1868
-
4:03 - 4:07for attempting to replace Secretary of War
Edwin Stanton -
4:07 - 4:09without consulting the Senate.
-
4:09 - 4:12Over a century later, Bill Clinton
was impeached -
4:12 - 4:17for making false statements under oath
during a sexual harassment trial. -
4:17 - 4:21Both were ultimately acquitted
when the Senate's votes to convict -
4:21 - 4:24fell short of the required
two-thirds majority. -
4:24 - 4:27And contrary to popular belief,
-
4:27 - 4:32Richard Nixon was never actually impeached
for the Watergate scandal. -
4:32 - 4:34He resigned before it could happen
-
4:34 - 4:37knowing he would almost certainly
be convicted. -
4:37 - 4:40Theoretically, the U.S. government is
already designed -
4:40 - 4:42to prevent abuses of power,
-
4:42 - 4:46limiting different branches
through a system of checks and balances, -
4:46 - 4:47term limits,
-
4:47 - 4:49and free elections.
-
4:49 - 4:52But impeachment can be seen
as an emergency brake -
4:52 - 4:54for when these safeguards fail.
- Title:
- How does impeachment work? - Alex Gendler
- Speaker:
- Alex Gendler
- Description:
-
View full lesson: https://ed.ted.com/lessons/how-does-impeachment-work-alex-gendler
For most jobs, it’s understood that you can be fired – whether for crime, incompetence, or just poor performance. But what if your job happens to be the most powerful position in the country – or the world? That's where impeachment comes in. But how does it work? Alex Gendler details the process of impeachment.
Lesson by Alex Gendler, animation by Mark Phillips.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TED-Ed
- Duration:
- 05:13
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