It's time to end toxic masculinity | Robert Salem | TEDxToledo
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0:06 - 0:09Josh Pacheco was 17 years old.
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0:09 - 0:13He lived in Michigan
with his parents and sisters, -
0:13 - 0:15and by all accounts,
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0:15 - 0:16he was a great kid.
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0:16 - 0:21His sisters described him
as funny and entertaining, -
0:21 - 0:26and his parents described him
as loving and caring. -
0:26 - 0:28And Josh was also gay,
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0:28 - 0:30and because of that,
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0:30 - 0:34he was bullied severely by his classmates.
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0:34 - 0:38One day, Josh went home,
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0:38 - 0:40went to his garage, got into his truck,
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0:40 - 0:43closed the door,
turned on the ignition, -
0:43 - 0:45and killed himself.
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0:47 - 0:51He was found a little bit later
with a note next to his body -
0:51 - 0:55that simply said, "I'm sorry,
I wasn't able to be strong enough." -
0:58 - 1:00This is Tovanna Holton.
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1:00 - 1:02Tovanna was 15 years old.
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1:02 - 1:03She lived in Florida.
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1:04 - 1:06One day, she broke up with her boyfriend.
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1:06 - 1:10The very next day, he posted
a nude video of her on Twitter, -
1:10 - 1:13and you can imagine what happened then.
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1:13 - 1:18Other kids took the video
and began circulating it on social media, -
1:18 - 1:20and they began to cyberbully her.
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1:21 - 1:25Tovanna's mother found Tovanna
in the bathroom of their home -
1:25 - 1:28with a self-inflicted
gunshot wound to her head, -
1:28 - 1:29just a few days later.
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1:31 - 1:36And this is, finally, nine-year-old
Jamel Myles, from Denver. -
1:36 - 1:40Just weeks ago, he came out
to his mother as gay. -
1:40 - 1:42She was driving him home.
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1:42 - 1:44He was in the back seat of the car.
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1:44 - 1:48He said, "Mommy, I have something
really important to tell you. I'm gay." -
1:48 - 1:50And she said, "I love you anyway."
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1:51 - 1:55And she said he looked so scared
and so small in the back seat, -
1:55 - 2:00but he told her that he was proud
and he wanted to tell his classmates, -
2:00 - 2:02which is what he did.
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2:02 - 2:07And his classmates, in turn, bullied him
and told him that he should die. -
2:07 - 2:10Four days later, he hanged himself.
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2:11 - 2:14[Masculinity, possession of the qualities
typically associated with men] -
2:16 - 2:18Now, these kids all had something -
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2:18 - 2:21They all came from different backgrounds,
-
2:21 - 2:23they came from different
parts of the country, -
2:23 - 2:25but they all had at least
one thing in common, -
2:25 - 2:30and that is that their lives
were cut short -
2:30 - 2:33by what experts have called
"hypermasculinity." -
2:33 - 2:37And you might hear the term
also referred to as "toxic masculinity." -
2:37 - 2:39Now, before I talk to you more
-
2:39 - 2:44about how hypermasculinity plays
a negative role in our society -
2:44 - 2:46and how it harms children,
-
2:46 - 2:48I want to offer a disclaimer.
-
2:48 - 2:51There is nothing wrong
with being masculine. -
2:51 - 2:53Okay?
-
2:53 - 2:56And there is nothing wrong
with being a man, -
2:56 - 2:59fortunately for me
and many of you in the audience. -
3:02 - 3:06Masculinity is basically defined
as a set of traits -
3:06 - 3:08that are associated with being a man.
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3:08 - 3:11And depending on culture and context,
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3:11 - 3:14some of those traits can be viewed
as negative at times, -
3:14 - 3:16other times as positive.
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3:16 - 3:19The same can be said for femininity.
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3:19 - 3:23However, hypermasculinity is often -
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3:23 - 3:26it's basically masculinity on steroids,
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3:26 - 3:32and it's often characterized
by a high tolerance level -
3:32 - 3:34for violence and aggression.
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3:34 - 3:38So, those of us who have ever witnessed
road-rage incidents, -
3:38 - 3:40or if you have ever been
to a fraternity party -
3:40 - 3:43after lots of kegs of beer
have been consumed, -
3:43 - 3:47or if we've gone to sports bars
during a really important game, -
3:48 - 3:53we may have seen some hypermasculinity
on display at that point. -
3:54 - 3:57Hypermasculinity is also characterized
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3:57 - 4:01by a callous disregard
for the dignity of women. -
4:01 - 4:06Women sometimes,
though hypermasculine behavior, -
4:06 - 4:09are treated as sex objects,
-
4:09 - 4:16and this kind of objectification leads
to sexual assaults and sexual harassment. -
4:17 - 4:23And finally, hypermasculinity is also
characteristic of a sort of stoicism. -
4:23 - 4:28Men who display hypermasculine behavior
tend to conceal their emotions. -
4:28 - 4:30They have a hard time "emoting."
-
4:30 - 4:32Except for anger, notably.
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4:32 - 4:36But men that have these
hypermasculine tendencies -
4:36 - 4:39don't feel like they can show
their true feelings -
4:39 - 4:43because to do so shows femininity,
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4:43 - 4:44shows weakness,
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4:44 - 4:46and therefore is bad.
-
4:46 - 4:49It's interesting because there's
more and more research now -
4:49 - 4:52that shows that hypermasculine behavior
-
4:52 - 4:56not only negatively impacts
the victims of hypermasculinity, -
4:56 - 5:02which are generally girls, LGBTQ kids,
gender-nonconforming people, -
5:02 - 5:07but the biggest victims
of hypermasculinity are boys and men, -
5:07 - 5:12because this kind of behavior leads
to all kinds of negative consequences, -
5:12 - 5:17from psychological health consequences,
physical health consequences, -
5:17 - 5:20increased substance abuse.
-
5:20 - 5:22And it's also interesting that, you know,
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5:22 - 5:26some researchers like Niobe Way
from New York University -
5:26 - 5:32have linked hypermasculine behavior
with loneliness among males. -
5:32 - 5:34American men -
-
5:34 - 5:36which is unique in the world among men -
-
5:36 - 5:39American men tend to report
-
5:39 - 5:42that they either have
few other male friends, -
5:42 - 5:43and when they do,
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5:43 - 5:46they have a hard time
talking to their male friends -
5:46 - 5:50about important life issues or emotions.
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5:51 - 5:54And this is obviously a problem
-
5:54 - 5:57because it leads to all of these
negative consequences, -
5:57 - 6:01and it creates sometimes
a level of loneliness -
6:01 - 6:03that increases as men age,
-
6:03 - 6:07and they report that their level
of loneliness increases as they age. -
6:07 - 6:10And public health officials are alarmed
-
6:10 - 6:13because loneliness now
is seen as a risk factor -
6:13 - 6:17for all kinds of negative
health consequences and early death. -
6:18 - 6:22So let me give you an example
of something I'm talking about. -
6:22 - 6:26A few weeks ago, I was shopping at Costco,
which all of us do, right? -
6:28 - 6:32And I couldn't help but overhear
a young father with his son. -
6:32 - 6:35The son was about three of four years old.
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6:35 - 6:37The boy picked up a toy,
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6:37 - 6:40and all I remember
was that it was a pink toy. -
6:40 - 6:41I don't remember what it was.
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6:41 - 6:44And without missing a beat,
the father said, -
6:44 - 6:46"Put that back. That's for girls."
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6:47 - 6:51And the boy, reflecting his father's
disgust and revulsion, -
6:51 - 6:55just threw it back and said,
"Yuck, Daddy. That's for girls." -
6:55 - 7:01Now, this kind of attitude
leads to hypermasculinity -
7:01 - 7:05and it leads to all of the negative
effects that I just talked about, -
7:05 - 7:10and it leads to misogyny,
homophobia and transphobia. -
7:11 - 7:15Given what we're experiencing
in our world today, -
7:15 - 7:18this issue is taking on more significance.
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7:18 - 7:20Think about the news.
What are we hearing? -
7:20 - 7:23We're talking about the Me Too Movement.
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7:23 - 7:26We're talking about rampant gun violence,
-
7:26 - 7:32which, by the way, is almost exclusively
perpetrated by boys and men. -
7:32 - 7:37And we're talking about what I would
consider a hypermasculine culture -
7:37 - 7:38in our White House.
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7:38 - 7:44So it's a very important issue today,
and it's taking on more significance. -
7:44 - 7:46So -
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7:46 - 7:48This is me,
-
7:48 - 7:51and I'll get to "me"
in a little bit, okay? -
7:51 - 7:52(Laughter)
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7:52 - 7:54But, you know,
-
7:55 - 7:57I was introduced as a Law professor,
I am a Law professor, -
7:57 - 7:59and for many years,
-
7:59 - 8:02I've been doing a lot of work
on bullying prevention. -
8:02 - 8:05So, early on in my work
on bullying prevention - -
8:05 - 8:09and I've trained lots of teachers
and administrators around the state - -
8:09 - 8:11early on, I discovered something:
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8:11 - 8:14the vast majority of bullying incidents
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8:14 - 8:19are somehow, in some way,
related to hypermasculine behavior. -
8:19 - 8:24Whether the victim is a girl or an LGBTQ
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8:24 - 8:26or a person with a disability
-
8:26 - 8:29or even racial, ethnic
and religious minorities, -
8:29 - 8:34what I found is that either the motivation
for the bullying was hypermasculine -
8:34 - 8:38or the tactics used to bully
were hypermasculine. -
8:38 - 8:40And I became even more concerned
-
8:40 - 8:44when I started to review
bullying-related suicides, -
8:44 - 8:46and these are kids
who have taken their lives -
8:46 - 8:48at least in part because of bullying.
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8:48 - 8:51And what I found was that roughly 80%
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8:51 - 8:55of the kids who take their lives
because of bullying -
8:55 - 8:59are boys who were gay
or perceived to be gay -
9:00 - 9:05and girls who the victims
of gender-related or sexual bullying. -
9:06 - 9:11So, this obviously concerned me a lot,
-
9:11 - 9:18and I started to pay more attention
to how hypermasculine affects our kids. -
9:19 - 9:22What's even more interesting
about bullying-prevention programs -
9:22 - 9:25is that they don't discuss
or address head-on -
9:25 - 9:29how hypermasculine and rigid gender norms
affect our kids in school -
9:29 - 9:32and how we can improve
the climate of our schools -
9:32 - 9:35so that we can prevent bullying
by addressing these issues. -
9:35 - 9:36We just don't talk about it.
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9:36 - 9:38What drives me crazy is this:
-
9:38 - 9:42I have been doing all this work
for a lot of years, -
9:42 - 9:43and just a few years ago,
-
9:43 - 9:47there was this revelation in society
that girls also bully. -
9:47 - 9:48Big surprise.
-
9:49 - 9:53And all of a sudden,
as a culture, as a society, -
9:53 - 9:55we just, like, lobbed on to that,
globbed on to that. -
9:55 - 9:58And we started talking about mean girls,
-
9:58 - 10:00and we coined this term "mean grils"
-
10:00 - 10:05because, of course, we need
another way to vilify girls, right? -
10:05 - 10:08And so, then we made a movie
about mean girls, -
10:08 - 10:10and that's all we talk about.
-
10:10 - 10:14But the evidence
related to bullying is clear. -
10:14 - 10:18Still, the vast majority
of bullying perpetrators are boys, -
10:18 - 10:21and the vast majority
of bullying victims are boys, -
10:21 - 10:24but we don't talk about scary boys.
-
10:24 - 10:26We talk about mean girls.
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10:27 - 10:29So,
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10:29 - 10:30this is me,
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10:31 - 10:33and you can tell maybe from the picture
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10:33 - 10:37that I wasn't the most
traditionally masculine kid, right? -
10:37 - 10:40If you ask me why I was posed that way,
-
10:40 - 10:43I honestly don't have
a good answer for you. -
10:43 - 10:45You'll have to ask my mother.
-
10:45 - 10:47But, you know,
-
10:49 - 10:51I became very interested in this subject
-
10:51 - 10:54when I started to reflect
on my own childhood -
10:54 - 10:57and my experiences with hypermasculinity.
-
10:57 - 11:02So I grew up in a very loving,
large Lebanese American family. -
11:02 - 11:05I had two amazing, wonderful parents,
-
11:06 - 11:08three brothers, a sister ...
-
11:08 - 11:10I did very well in school.
-
11:10 - 11:12I participated in clubs and sports.
-
11:12 - 11:16I was a student leader
throughout high school and college. -
11:17 - 11:20I had friends, I had girlfriends.
-
11:21 - 11:24So my memories should be good
of childhood, right? -
11:25 - 11:27They weren't.
-
11:27 - 11:31When I think of my childhood,
I mostly have negative feelings. -
11:31 - 11:34I was actually a pretty miserable kid,
-
11:34 - 11:38and I attribute that to the fact
that I did everything in my power -
11:38 - 11:41to conceal the fact that I was gay,
-
11:41 - 11:42and I did everything in my power
-
11:42 - 11:47to act like what I thought
a boy should act like. -
11:47 - 11:52And I'll tell you some
of my most memorable experiences, -
11:52 - 11:55and these are memories that are
pretty innocuous when you hear them -
11:55 - 11:58and they shouldn't really be
that memorable. -
11:58 - 12:01But for me they were,
and here are some of them. -
12:01 - 12:03So I remember in the fifth grade,
-
12:03 - 12:07I was brushing my friend Cheryl's
long blonde hair - -
12:07 - 12:09because that's what
ten-year-old boys like to do, right? -
12:09 - 12:11(Laughter)
-
12:12 - 12:16And I was brushing her hair,
and the teacher, from across the room, -
12:16 - 12:19yelled at me and said,
"Robby Salem, put that brush down. -
12:19 - 12:22Boys don't brush girls' hair."
-
12:22 - 12:25And I was devastated, I was just deflated.
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12:25 - 12:29And I wasn't just devastated
because Cheryl's hair was a mess. -
12:29 - 12:30but because -
-
12:30 - 12:32(Laughter)
-
12:32 - 12:33because -
-
12:33 - 12:34(Laughter)
-
12:34 - 12:38I felt like I did something wrong,
I committed a sin, -
12:38 - 12:41and I didn't even know what it was.
-
12:41 - 12:42I'll tell you time -
-
12:42 - 12:45another memory I had
was when I walked into school - -
12:45 - 12:47this was probably in the sixth grade,
-
12:47 - 12:50and I was wearing my cherry-red pants.
-
12:50 - 12:53And a teacher called me up to the front,
-
12:53 - 12:56and in front of a couple
of other kids, she said, -
12:56 - 13:01"Robby, don't wear those pants again.
Boys don't dress that way." -
13:02 - 13:06Now, I will give her this much:
the pants were hideous. -
13:06 - 13:07(Laughter)
-
13:07 - 13:11And they were also corduroys.
So, visualize that. -
13:11 - 13:15But still, that was pretty cruel.
-
13:15 - 13:17And then, I remember
the time in middle school -
13:17 - 13:20that I was carrying my books
in front of my body like this, -
13:20 - 13:23and a boy in the hallway
laughed at me and called me a girl. -
13:24 - 13:27And you'd better believe
that from that point on, -
13:27 - 13:29I carried my books on my side.
-
13:29 - 13:32And this was before backpacks
were a big thing, -
13:32 - 13:33so that's how we carried our books.
-
13:33 - 13:37And you know, I just thought it was more
practical to carry your books this way, -
13:37 - 13:39but apparently not if you're a boy.
-
13:39 - 13:42So, those memories sort of pale
-
13:42 - 13:45in comparison to some of the other things
I overheard and experienced, -
13:45 - 13:47like the time in high school
-
13:47 - 13:51when I overheard a group of boys
laughing in the hallway -
13:51 - 13:54and talking about a disease
that is going around, -
13:54 - 13:56"killing all the fags."
-
13:57 - 13:59So,
-
13:59 - 14:01I tried really hard to fit in.
-
14:01 - 14:03I did my best,
-
14:03 - 14:09and, I mean, I even pretended
that I liked watching sports on TV -
14:09 - 14:11with my three sports-loving brothers.
-
14:11 - 14:13Even baseball.
-
14:13 - 14:16So, it was tough. It was tough.
-
14:16 - 14:20And I did my best, but I was miserable.
-
14:20 - 14:25And like Josh, Tovanna, and Jamel
who I showed you earlier, -
14:25 - 14:27I often wanted to take my life.
-
14:27 - 14:29So,
-
14:30 - 14:31you know,
-
14:32 - 14:33a few years ago,
-
14:35 - 14:38I started looking at pop culture
-
14:38 - 14:42and the messages that we receive,
that kids receive in pop culture. -
14:42 - 14:47And think about the blockbuster movies,
the movies that are most popular, -
14:47 - 14:50not the best movies,
but the movies that are most popular. -
14:50 - 14:54If you Google blockbuster movies
of 2017 and 2018, -
14:54 - 14:58what you're going to see
are all kinds of films -
14:58 - 15:02that typify this hypermasculine behavior
that I am talking about. -
15:02 - 15:05These are films often
with leading male characters -
15:05 - 15:09who are tall, and muscular,
and tough, and stoic, -
15:09 - 15:12and there's usually a woman
or a girl in the movie -
15:12 - 15:18that's going to ultimately become
his romantic or sex partner. -
15:18 - 15:23And you see fantastic explosions,
and fast cars, and police chases, -
15:23 - 15:26and these are the most popular movies.
-
15:26 - 15:31And the film and TV industry is not
the only industry that's guilty of this. -
15:31 - 15:34Here are some more movies,
-
15:34 - 15:37but the music industry is guilty of this,
-
15:38 - 15:41the ad industry is guilty of this.
-
15:41 - 15:45What the ad industry does
when they want to target men -
15:45 - 15:49is to talk about how men
can reclaim their manhood. -
15:50 - 15:51"Men are back."
-
15:52 - 15:55"Consider your man card reissued."
-
15:56 - 16:00"Spray more Axe cologne and get more."
-
16:01 - 16:02Get more what?
-
16:02 - 16:03Imagine.
-
16:03 - 16:04(Laughter)
-
16:04 - 16:08And this problem also exists
in our video game industry, -
16:08 - 16:11which is a real problem
for our young men today. -
16:11 - 16:17And of course, we see it often displayed
in the sports industry. -
16:18 - 16:19So,
-
16:20 - 16:24a couple of years ago,
the New York Times conducted a study on - -
16:25 - 16:28featured, that is, Michael Kimmel,
who is a scholar. -
16:28 - 16:33And Michael Kimmel would pull his students
and he would ask them on a regular basis, -
16:33 - 16:36"Describe what a good man is,
and describe what a real man is." -
16:36 - 16:39And over time, he saw themes emerging.
-
16:39 - 16:42And here's what he found:
-
16:42 - 16:48that his students often described
a good man as honest, caring and selfless, -
16:48 - 16:51and the same students
would describe a real man -
16:51 - 16:55as a take charge, risk taker,
authoritative, -
16:55 - 16:58never cry and don't show weakness.
-
16:58 - 17:01So it's no wonder that men
and boys are confused, -
17:01 - 17:03and girls and women for that matter.
-
17:03 - 17:06Can you be a good man and a real man?
-
17:07 - 17:11It's really an open question
in our society. -
17:11 - 17:13There's all kinds of research
that is really interesting -
17:13 - 17:16about how we treat boys
and girls differently -
17:16 - 17:18based on our perceptions
of how they should behave, -
17:18 - 17:20according to their gender.
-
17:20 - 17:24There's a fascinating study
that was conducted by scholar Terry Rial. -
17:24 - 17:27He showed a video of a crying baby
-
17:27 - 17:30to hundreds of adult
participants in this study. -
17:31 - 17:34For some of the adults,
he said the baby was a girl. -
17:34 - 17:37Other adults, he said the baby was a boy.
-
17:37 - 17:44And he asked the adults to describe
what emotion the baby was conveying. -
17:44 - 17:45Overwhelmingly,
-
17:45 - 17:50the adults who thought the baby was a girl
described her as scared, fearful. -
17:50 - 17:54The adults who thought the baby was a boy
described him as angry. -
17:56 - 17:59So it goes without saying
and it's pretty logical -
17:59 - 18:01that we treat our kids differently.
-
18:02 - 18:04Well-intentioned parents
treat their kids differently -
18:04 - 18:08based on how we think they should behave,
according to their gender. -
18:08 - 18:11Now, there's all kinds
of surveys out there -
18:11 - 18:17that address what are the most
injurious words that kids experience. -
18:17 - 18:21When kids want to hurt other kids,
what do they hear? What do they use? -
18:21 - 18:23These are the most common insults.
-
18:24 - 18:25This is what hurts kids.
-
18:25 - 18:31"Whore," "bitch," "slut,"
"fag," "gay," retard," -
18:31 - 18:35all motivated by hypermasculinity.
-
18:35 - 18:37So it's no wonder
-
18:37 - 18:42that 85% of LGBTQ kids
report being bullied in school. -
18:42 - 18:43It's no wonder
-
18:43 - 18:48that 83% of girls report
being sexually harassed in school. -
18:48 - 18:49It's no wonder
-
18:49 - 18:54that an estimated
5.4 million students skip school -
18:54 - 18:57on a regular basis during the school year
-
18:57 - 18:59because they don't want
to confront their bullies. -
18:59 - 19:00And get this:
-
19:00 - 19:02according to one study,
-
19:02 - 19:07most adolescent girls fear gaining weight
more than they fear cancer, nuclear war -
19:07 - 19:09and losing a parent.
-
19:09 - 19:10We have a problem, folks,
-
19:10 - 19:12and we need to start
taking this seriously. -
19:12 - 19:16The problem doesn't have an easy solution.
-
19:16 - 19:18We're not going to resolve this overnight.
-
19:18 - 19:22But I think we can all do something
in our own small ways. -
19:22 - 19:26We can affect the people around us,
the circle of people around us, -
19:26 - 19:28by behaving in certain ways
-
19:28 - 19:30and being more aware
of these toxic messages. -
19:30 - 19:35First of all, let's acknowledge
that hypermasculinity is a problem. -
19:35 - 19:36Let's also acknowledge
-
19:36 - 19:41that misogyny, homophobia
and transphobia are inextricably linked. -
19:41 - 19:43We're all in this together.
-
19:43 - 19:46Whether you're a man, woman,
boy, girl, gay, straight. -
19:46 - 19:49We're all in this together
because this is harmful to society. -
19:49 - 19:51And in our own little way,
-
19:51 - 19:55if you see a woman or a girl
being harassed in the street - -
19:55 - 19:58if you're comfortable, intervene.
-
19:58 - 20:02If you hear a homophobic joke
being told in the locker room, -
20:02 - 20:07do the brave thing and call it out
for what it is: offensive. -
20:07 - 20:12If your son wants to buy
a pink toy at Costco, -
20:13 - 20:16either buy it for him
or at least don't shame him. -
20:18 - 20:22I want to leave you with these faces:
Josh, Tovanna and Jamel. -
20:22 - 20:25I hope we don't just remember them today;
-
20:25 - 20:27I hope we honor them.
-
20:27 - 20:30Let's honor them
by all changing our outlook -
20:30 - 20:33on the messages that we receive,
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20:33 - 20:37and let's all be more aware
and help our kids. -
20:37 - 20:42And if we can just start
-
20:42 - 20:44helping boys and men learn
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20:48 - 20:51that in order to be a real man,
-
20:51 - 20:54you have to start by being a good man.
-
20:54 - 20:55Thank you.
-
20:55 - 20:57(Applause) (Cheering)
- Title:
- It's time to end toxic masculinity | Robert Salem | TEDxToledo
- Description:
-
In this talk delivered at TEDxToledo WhatNow 2018, Robert describes the consequences of toxic masculinity and provides ideas on how to end it.
Mr. Salem teaches clinical law courses that provide students with the skills necessary to successfully practice law while advancing the University of Toledo's law school’s social justice mission. He is a frequent speaker on civil rights issues and is active in several organizations.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at https://www.ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 21:04
Ellen approved English subtitles for It's time to end toxic masculinity | Robert Salem | TEDxToledo | ||
Ellen edited English subtitles for It's time to end toxic masculinity | Robert Salem | TEDxToledo | ||
Ellen accepted English subtitles for It's time to end toxic masculinity | Robert Salem | TEDxToledo | ||
Ellen edited English subtitles for It's time to end toxic masculinity | Robert Salem | TEDxToledo | ||
Ellen edited English subtitles for It's time to end toxic masculinity | Robert Salem | TEDxToledo | ||
Leonardo Silva edited English subtitles for It's time to end toxic masculinity | Robert Salem | TEDxToledo | ||
Leonardo Silva edited English subtitles for It's time to end toxic masculinity | Robert Salem | TEDxToledo | ||
Leonardo Silva edited English subtitles for It's time to end toxic masculinity | Robert Salem | TEDxToledo |