Origami: technique, art, technology | Roberto Gretter | TEDxTrento
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0:11 - 0:15This is the pangolin of Eric Joisel.
It is an origami, -
0:15 - 0:19it is folded by only one esagonal
sheet of paper, without any cut. -
0:19 - 0:21Origami's rules are easy:
-
0:21 - 0:26(Applause)
-
0:30 - 0:36you take a sheet of paper and fold it,
you don't use any scissors or glue. -
0:37 - 0:41Origami is an art - and it takes
a bit of courage to say it - -
0:41 - 0:44because almost all
think that origami is simply... -
0:44 - 0:47a child's play.
-
0:47 - 0:49I will try to change your mind.
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0:49 - 0:51Today origami is this:
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0:52 - 0:58every model has its author,
this is a horse made by Roman Diaz... -
0:58 - 1:02who is a veterinary capable to
capture the essence of animals. -
1:02 - 1:06Instead Robert Lang
is one of the origami's theorists. -
1:06 - 1:10Among other things,
he formulated a theory... -
1:10 - 1:14about how to design complex origami,
of which I will just tell you something. -
1:15 - 1:19This is a model of mine,
a three-dimensional pram. -
1:21 - 1:27Satoshi Kamiya is known for creating
very complex models like this wasp, -
1:27 - 1:32while Giang Dinh
made simplicity his magic bullet: -
1:32 - 1:34he works with wet cardboard,
-
1:34 - 1:38he sprinkles it
and he can obtain these plastic figures. -
1:39 - 1:45Eric Joisel is an other author,
the pangolin's author too, -
1:45 - 1:49and he is a master
in creating also human figures -
1:49 - 1:52and using the volume of the paper
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1:52 - 1:57to create effects like, for example,
Harlequin's legs. -
1:58 - 2:02How have we reached this point?
-
2:03 - 2:07Let's start from the simpliest thing:
the square base. -
2:08 - 2:14It is a paper square. First you fold
the medians, then the diagonals, -
2:14 - 2:20close it and you obtain this figure:
it is a square base and it has 4 flaps. -
2:20 - 2:24No surprises, it comes from a square:
4 sides, 4 angles, 4 flaps. -
2:24 - 2:26Folding a model by John Montroll,
-
2:26 - 2:30at a certain point,
you get your hands on this stuff, -
2:30 - 2:34which seems a square base,
but has 5 flaps instead of 4. -
2:34 - 2:36So you ask yourself,
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2:36 - 2:40"But how, I started from a square:
where does the fifth flap come from?" -
2:40 - 2:43The trick to understand this,
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2:43 - 2:46to understand how it works,
is to reopen the sheet. -
2:46 - 2:51So you reopen the sheet
and you will see that the author... -
2:51 - 2:54didn't do nothing but drawing
a pentagon inside the square... -
2:54 - 2:56and hiding all the exceeding paper.
-
2:56 - 2:59So the message here is,
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2:59 - 3:04"If you want to understand
how it works, reopen the model." -
3:07 - 3:14This is one of the scorpions
made by Robert Lang... -
3:14 - 3:15it has a lot of tips.
-
3:15 - 3:20To understand how this runs,
it has to know how an umbrella works. -
3:20 - 3:24So imagine:
a closed umbrella is the folded end, -
3:24 - 3:28an open umbrella is the paper
which is needed to obtain that end. -
3:29 - 3:33A bigger umbrella
will give a longer end. -
3:34 - 3:38This is the same model,
the same scorpion but reopened. -
3:40 - 3:44It has been folded
and then reopened, -
3:44 - 3:47marking the position
of its different ends. -
3:47 - 3:49Every point is a circle, an umbrella:
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3:49 - 3:52that big umbrella, the blue one,
is for the tail, -
3:52 - 3:57the red ones are the paws,
the green ones are the claws. -
3:57 - 3:59Now we go back to our presentation.
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4:03 - 4:05This is the figure you have just seen,
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4:05 - 4:07and this map of the folds...
-
4:07 - 4:10is called technically ‘crease pattern’.
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4:10 - 4:16This is the Lang original version,
where you can see all the work folds. -
4:16 - 4:20Therefore the problem of projecting
a complex origami turns into... -
4:20 - 4:26the mathematic problem of having
the circles on the plane opportunely. -
4:26 - 4:32It's not only circles, you can see
that there are also some figures, -
4:32 - 4:35they are lightly out of sorts but
they would show some streams... -
4:35 - 4:39which divide the points and can give
a topology to the model. -
4:41 - 4:46Let's take a step back in time:
there is as such geometry of origami, -
4:46 - 4:48made of axioms and theorems.
-
4:49 - 4:53It is a more powerful geometry
than the ’ruler and compass‘ one, -
4:53 - 4:57meaning that all the workable
constructions with ruler and compass... -
4:57 - 4:58are also workable with origami,
-
4:58 - 5:03but origami can do other ones, such
dividing an angle into three equal parts. -
5:05 - 5:07A small example of origami geometry:
-
5:07 - 5:10we start from this square,
we make these folds... -
5:10 - 5:12and what we obtain
is this figure here. -
5:12 - 5:14They are only three folds,
-
5:14 - 5:20but you can glimpse a big triangle,
which I state it is equilateral. -
5:20 - 5:24It is equilateral because its sides...
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5:24 - 5:27are three of the square's sides,
so all they are equals, ok? -
5:27 - 5:31And if it is an equilateral triangle
these are exactly 60 degrees, -
5:31 - 5:36therefore I can find very easily
60 degrees from a square. -
5:36 - 5:41An other example concerns...
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5:41 - 5:44the division of a sheet in equal parts.
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5:44 - 5:47As you can see,
the points on the diagonal are six... -
5:47 - 5:50and so they divide that segment
into five equal parts. -
5:51 - 5:53On the other diagonal
the division is in thirds, -
5:53 - 5:57therefore, through very few folds,
which are that ones highlighted here, -
5:57 - 6:00I can obtain
a division in fifths and thirds. -
6:00 - 6:04Why do I need this for,
maybe we will discover it later. -
6:04 - 6:08In origami, one of the best moves
is the twist. -
6:08 - 6:13The twist is built
on a central polygon -
6:13 - 6:16going around and some parallel folds...
-
6:16 - 6:18which spread out two by two
from the polygon. -
6:18 - 6:21It is so called because
when you make this fold, -
6:21 - 6:23the central polygon actually
makes a rotation. -
6:23 - 6:25What is twist used for?
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6:25 - 6:28The twist it is for creating
some roses like this. -
6:28 - 6:33This one is built on a pentagonal twist,
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6:33 - 6:36it is by Naomiki Sato.
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6:36 - 6:40Or it is for creating
tessellations, like these here. -
6:40 - 6:42Especially look that in the middle,
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6:42 - 6:45which soon you will see in a new light.
-
6:46 - 6:48Tessellations can also be very complex,
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6:48 - 6:51like this made by Alessandro Beber:
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6:51 - 6:56this has some twists
with 12, 3, 4 and 6 sides. -
6:58 - 7:01Twists are also used in technology:
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7:01 - 7:04here the question
is that of a solar panel... -
7:04 - 7:06which has to be locked up
in a rocket... -
7:06 - 7:10or a shuttle, to be thrown
and, when it is in space, -
7:10 - 7:15it has to be opened
with minimum effort and damage. -
7:15 - 7:20This is the series of moves to be done.
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7:23 - 7:24It is this.
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7:25 - 7:28This is how it is thrown, then,
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7:28 - 7:32once it is high, it opens.
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7:33 - 7:36(Applause)
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7:40 - 7:43This is a twist...
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7:43 - 7:47and this is a tessellation of a twist,
it is the former beehive. -
7:47 - 7:51So, as you can see,
each hexagonal stuff... -
7:51 - 7:52can be opened.
-
7:56 - 8:00Therefore
these are related to each other. -
8:00 - 8:05I go mad for motion origami,
which are these I'm showing you. -
8:05 - 8:07This is a fractal:
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8:07 - 8:13it means that I have
a row made of 12 external petals, -
8:13 - 8:15a bit smaller one,
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8:15 - 8:18which have the same shape
but different dimension. -
8:18 - 8:21And this is a single paper sheet.
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8:22 - 8:24(Applause)
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8:24 - 8:30The surprising thing
is not only its opening, -
8:31 - 8:35but its closing, because paper remembers.
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8:35 - 8:38(Applause)
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8:39 - 8:42I want to amaze you again
with a pair of motion models: -
8:43 - 8:48this is called flexicube,
-
8:48 - 8:51it is made from a single paper strip...
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8:51 - 8:52which composes 8 little hinged cubes,
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8:52 - 8:55in order to have this continuous movement.
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8:55 - 8:58Instead this is its father:
the double star flexicube, -
8:58 - 9:00a model by Dave Brill.
-
9:00 - 9:04Although it is a flexicube also,
it is the only model not made of... -
9:04 - 9:08a single paper sheet,
there are 64 fitted modules. -
9:08 - 9:11It can go round also,
but at a certain point I can stop, -
9:12 - 9:17I can open the trunk
and pull out the first star. -
9:18 - 9:23But it is a double star felxicube,
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9:23 - 9:26because there are two stars.
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9:26 - 9:29(Applause)
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9:30 - 9:34Here I let you imagine
how much geometry is inside here, -
9:34 - 9:38but this is half cube and this an other
half cube: they are pulled together. -
9:38 - 9:43But also this is half cube:
this is half cube, the star, -
9:43 - 9:46and if I turn it,
it will become a box for stars, -
9:46 - 9:50that is a box which exactly has
the space to contain a star inside. -
9:54 - 9:57(Applause)
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9:57 - 9:59Why would anyone make origami?
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9:59 - 10:02There are a lot of reasons.
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10:02 - 10:06Origami instigates manual skills,
fantasy and creativity, -
10:06 - 10:08makes children like Maths.
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10:08 - 10:10The reason why I fold origami...
-
10:10 - 10:15is because it is nice: it is magic,
the magic of transformation really. -
10:16 - 10:20The ‘Center for diffusion of origami’
is a no-profit association... -
10:20 - 10:26which gathers all Italian origamists
and also organise meetings. -
10:26 - 10:28The meetings about origami
are hotbeds of ideas... -
10:28 - 10:31where everyone brings his own models,
shows them, -
10:31 - 10:34explains them
and makes them fold by others. -
10:34 - 10:36In this way there is a fusion of ideas...
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10:36 - 10:41that has also brought to meetings
about origami and teaching. -
10:41 - 10:42Now we are organizing...
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10:42 - 10:44the third meeting for next April.
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10:44 - 10:48It will be a great chance,
for teachers and instructors... -
10:48 - 10:49who wants to use origami...
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10:49 - 10:55for their job, to get in touch
with different opportunities. -
10:57 - 11:02I wanted to finish with Zsebe's bear,
showing how it folds, -
11:02 - 11:05but I don't know if I still have time...
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11:05 - 11:08Yes? Do I still have time?
-
11:08 - 11:09Claudio Ruatti: Take a minute!
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11:09 - 11:14RG: I will take a minute then, here it is!
-
11:14 - 11:20I have already folded something
because otherwise I could not do it. -
11:20 - 11:24Here one can already infer
a little structure: -
11:24 - 11:28this will become a bear,
with head and tail. -
11:28 - 11:34From the head one can obtain
the ears in some way, -
11:34 - 11:38then the great thing
is the way you shape the head. -
11:38 - 11:43Now here we need to zoom in
really to this part. -
11:43 - 11:46So, first you fold up,
now I have exactly a rhombus. -
11:50 - 11:54I fold up its face,
then I squash from the inside... -
11:54 - 11:57and I close the top part,
which will become the bear's hump. -
11:57 - 12:01It is taking the shape of a bear,
you can see its face, -
12:01 - 12:05but now the basic move:
it is an upstream fold here, -
12:05 - 12:07followed by a downstream fold
placed right down, -
12:13 - 12:17which make the bear's face pop up.
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12:17 - 12:20Sorry, it has come off a bit like that.
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12:20 - 12:22(Applause)
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12:24 - 12:28This is how the model should be.
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12:30 - 12:34I have finished my presentation,
more or less. -
12:34 - 12:36This is a model created for this occasion:
-
12:38 - 12:41it is a model which basically has a cut.
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12:41 - 12:44What happens is that...
-
12:44 - 12:49one has a sheet of paper and folds it
-
12:49 - 12:51- as you can see,
the TED logo has been drawn. -
12:55 - 12:58What happens is that if one just cut it,
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12:58 - 13:04which you should not do with origami,
but if one makes a single cut here, -
13:05 - 13:10he will separate the three letters
and obtain the figure you were seeing. -
13:10 - 13:13(Applause)
-
13:13 - 13:14Thank you.
- Title:
- Origami: technique, art, technology | Roberto Gretter | TEDxTrento
- Description:
-
Origami is a skill capable of turning a sheet of paper into a work of art. Origami geometry is responsible for all astonishing models that we can fold nowadays, and spreading them out is key to grasp their secrets. Twist and tessellation lay the foundations of many technological applications.
This talk was given at a TEDx event using the TED conference format but independently organized by a local community. Learn more at http://ted.com/tedx
- Video Language:
- Italian
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 13:24
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