Stop treating our soil like dirt! | Karen Wynne | TEDxHuntsville
-
0:05 - 0:09So centuries ago, Leonardo da Vinci said,
-
0:09 - 0:12"We know more about
the movement of the celestial bodies -
0:12 - 0:14than about the soil underfoot."
-
0:14 - 0:15Today, more than ever before,
-
0:15 - 0:18we need to understand
what's happening beneath our feet. -
0:18 - 0:23Limited access to clean water,
food production for a growing population -
0:23 - 0:26and extreme weather conditions
are impending crises -
0:26 - 0:29all rooted in our treatment of the soil.
-
0:29 - 0:34It's not time to panic, but it is a time
to make some serious changes. -
0:34 - 0:37And it's time to stop treating
our soil like dirt. -
0:37 - 0:38(Laughter)
-
0:38 - 0:41So, I understand that a lot of us
have a hard time -
0:41 - 0:44differentiating between soil and dirt
so I brought some with me. -
0:44 - 0:46So this is soil.
-
0:46 - 0:53It's a mix of sand, silt and clay
and maybe some gravel, air, water, humus -
0:53 - 0:59and trillions of microbes, bacteria,
fungi, nematodes, worms and beetles. -
0:59 - 1:01All this life beneath our feet.
-
1:01 - 1:03And this is an underground universe
-
1:03 - 1:06that's a complex ecosystem
we're just starting to understand, -
1:06 - 1:09but the beings in this soil are busy
-
1:09 - 1:14breaking down chemical compounds
in plants, and feeding roots, -
1:14 - 1:19and filtering and storing water,
and sequestering nutrients. -
1:19 - 1:21So that's soil.
-
1:22 - 1:25And then, I've got some dirt too.
-
1:25 - 1:27So that's dirt.
-
1:27 - 1:28Okay.
-
1:29 - 1:30So -
-
1:30 - 1:34Alright, so now that we've got
that sorted out, let's talk about soil. -
1:34 - 1:39So, soil's formed over
many, many, many thousands of years -
1:39 - 1:42from rocks breaking down,
plants decomposing, -
1:42 - 1:47rivers depositing sediment,
wind blowing in silt and volcanic ash, -
1:47 - 1:50oceans and glaciers
advancing and retreating, -
1:50 - 1:53but land is a limited resource
and soil is its fragile skin, -
1:53 - 1:58so when we let it wash away or blow away,
or we compact it or contaminate it, -
1:58 - 2:00it doesn't regenerate quickly.
-
2:00 - 2:03So we're losing our soil. We're mining it.
-
2:03 - 2:04Or we're just paving it over,
-
2:04 - 2:08and that's a problem because we lose
some of the natural processes -
2:08 - 2:09that we've relied on.
-
2:09 - 2:14So I want to talk about three ways
that soil plays a vital role in our lives. -
2:14 - 2:18And first let's talk about something
pretty fundamental like water. -
2:20 - 2:23So, we're already fighting
over water, right? -
2:23 - 2:26Even in Alabama we have
an abundant water supply, -
2:26 - 2:31but we're competing with Tennessee
and Gerogia and Florida over water rights. -
2:31 - 2:32In California there's a drought
-
2:32 - 2:36that's pitting farmers
against cities and home owners. -
2:36 - 2:41And over 800 million people in the world
don't have access to clean drinking water. -
2:42 - 2:45Now, soil is the Earth's
water filtration system. -
2:46 - 2:49So when it rains or snows or floods,
-
2:49 - 2:52water can either seep into the soil
or it can wash away. -
2:52 - 2:56The water that seeps
into the soil is filtered. -
2:56 - 2:59It carries some compounds with it
that filters through -
2:59 - 3:03and enters the ground water,
clean and ready to use again. -
3:03 - 3:07The water that runs off
carries with it not only soil -
3:07 - 3:09but contaminants -
pollutants from roads, -
3:10 - 3:13fertilizers and pesticides
from farmers' fields, -
3:13 - 3:16and those accumulate downstream,
-
3:16 - 3:19so that's what causes the dead zone
in the Gulf of Mexico, -
3:19 - 3:22and that's why the city of Toledo
had to cut off its water supply -
3:22 - 3:23this summer.
-
3:24 - 3:27And wetlands are the Earth's
best water filtration system, -
3:27 - 3:30but we're losing wetlands
at an amazing rate. -
3:30 - 3:36We lost 2/3 of the global
wetlands since 1997, -
3:36 - 3:38so it's 250 million acres.
-
3:38 - 3:42So now we've got water
that's becoming a limited resource, -
3:43 - 3:46and we're losing
our natural ability to filter it. -
3:47 - 3:49Okay. So that's just one vital role.
-
3:49 - 3:53Along with water, we also need some food,
-
3:53 - 3:56so - and soil feeds us,
-
3:56 - 3:59and we all know that, right?
-
3:59 - 4:01Okay. That's the easy one.
-
4:02 - 4:07But we need to feed a growing population
that's projected to reach 9 billion people -
4:07 - 4:09by the year 2050.
-
4:09 - 4:12And those people are eating
higher on the food chain, -
4:12 - 4:17so that's more meat, less rice and beans,
and that's more resources per calorie. -
4:18 - 4:21In the mean time, we're losing
all this soil to erosion. -
4:21 - 4:26The last year, they lost
1.7 billion tons of soil -
4:26 - 4:29on cropland in the United States
in a single year. -
4:29 - 4:34And we're doing better
than some other countries. -
4:34 - 4:36And nitrogen fertilizer
-
4:36 - 4:39is based on the fossil fuels
that we have a limited supply, -
4:39 - 4:43and we have a peak phosphorus crisis
that you probably haven't even heard of. -
4:44 - 4:49Our crop yields are increasing,
but their nutritional value is decreasing. -
4:49 - 4:52We treat our manure
like toxic waste instead of fertilizer, -
4:53 - 4:55and we throw away
almost as much food as we eat. -
4:55 - 5:00So, that's not really
a sustainable strategy, -
5:00 - 5:03so we need to be looking
at long-term soil productivity. -
5:03 - 5:06And that's what I get to do.
I'm really lucky. -
5:06 - 5:11I get to work with farmers and scientists
that are working to build healthy soils -
5:11 - 5:13that are deeper and more porous,
-
5:13 - 5:18and can produce more nutritious food
per acre or square foot or hectare. -
5:19 - 5:21And so on our farm and on farms like ours,
-
5:21 - 5:24we do things like plant cover crops
and rotate our crops, -
5:24 - 5:26and we minimize the use of tillage
-
5:26 - 5:31and we inoculate the soil
with compost and worm castings, -
5:31 - 5:35and we minimize the use of chemicals
to build that soil food web -
5:35 - 5:38and let the microbes do the work for us.
-
5:38 - 5:39And it works.
-
5:39 - 5:42We've seen it, and it goes by
a lot of different names: -
5:42 - 5:48permaculture, organic farming,
no-till farming, biodynamic, -
5:48 - 5:51and the philosophies definitely differ
-
5:51 - 5:54but the ultimate goal
is to build healthy soils. -
5:54 - 5:56So if we can do that,
-
5:56 - 5:59if we can focus on filtering water
and feeding people, -
5:59 - 6:03then the third vital role
of soils falls into place -
6:03 - 6:07because soils can help
to mitigate climate change. -
6:08 - 6:10Healthy soils are resilient,
-
6:11 - 6:14so they can buffer
the effects of extreme weather. -
6:14 - 6:15They're like a sponge,
-
6:15 - 6:19so if it rains too much,
that water seeps through; -
6:20 - 6:23but if it doesn't rain enough,
it holds more water in place -
6:23 - 6:26so it can keep a crop growing for longer.
-
6:26 - 6:28And that's on the farm scale.
-
6:28 - 6:30On the atmospheric scale,
-
6:30 - 6:33well, we have excess carbon
in the atmosphere, right? -
6:33 - 6:37Carbon is an essential soil element
so we need it in our soil. -
6:37 - 6:40So instead of injecting it
into the Earth's core -
6:40 - 6:42or blasting it into space,
-
6:42 - 6:47let's take that excess carbon and store it
in the soil where we can use it. -
6:47 - 6:50It just seems like
a pretty easy answer to me. -
6:50 - 6:56So, I hope you understand
that soil is not a cure-all. -
6:56 - 7:00It's a key factor in the solution though.
-
7:00 - 7:04And I understand that most of you
are probably not farmers -
7:04 - 7:08or caretakers in wetlands
or environmental engineers, -
7:08 - 7:10so what can you do?
-
7:10 - 7:15Well, proactive policy can go a long way
towards solving these problems, -
7:16 - 7:18and we need more advocates for soil.
-
7:18 - 7:20We're starting to see change:
-
7:20 - 7:24the USDA is talking about
healthy soil like never before; -
7:24 - 7:30at the UN, just 2015 they've named
the International Year of Soil, -
7:30 - 7:33so I hope you all join me
in celebrating that. -
7:33 - 7:35(Laughter)
-
7:37 - 7:40But a lot of what you can do
is on the local level. -
7:40 - 7:42Land management decisions
are made more locally, -
7:42 - 7:47so planning and zoning, waste management,
farmland conservation, -
7:47 - 7:49those are all things
that happen on a local scale -
7:49 - 7:51and you can get involved
and make a difference. -
7:51 - 7:53Or maybe you're already involved,
-
7:53 - 7:57and maybe you're just not thinking about
soil like you might should be. -
7:57 - 8:00The other thing that you can do
that a lot of people are doing -
8:00 - 8:02is just growing their own food:
-
8:02 - 8:04a plant on a window sill,
-
8:04 - 8:06a garden in your backyard
or an empty lot, -
8:06 - 8:11or even outside
at your local school, like here. -
8:11 - 8:15And they see what soil can do for them
if they treat it right. -
8:15 - 8:19And you know what? They stopped
treating their soil like dirt. -
8:20 - 8:21So give it a try.
-
8:21 - 8:25If you start to like soil,
you might not even mind dirt so much. -
8:25 - 8:26(Laughter)
-
8:26 - 8:28Thank you.
(Applause)
- Title:
- Stop treating our soil like dirt! | Karen Wynne | TEDxHuntsville
- Description:
-
This talk was given at a local TEDx event, produced independently of the TED Conferences.
Soil is not dirt! Healthy soils are critical for keeping water clean, producing food, and buffering the effects of extreme weather. Learn why we need to stop treating soil like dirt, and how you can help make that happen.
Karen Wynne has made a career of playing in the dirt, as a farm worker and manager, a soil mapper, a wetland delineator, a perc tester, and organic farm planner. She has focused her efforts on the southeastern United States, working primarily with small farmers to develop alternative production and marketing options that support more sustainable approaches to farming. In addition to her work with individual farmers and on her family’s own semi-neglected farm, Karen works with many partners to build other key pieces of the local food puzzle.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDxTalks
- Duration:
- 08:34
Rhonda Jacobs approved English subtitles for Stop treating our soil like dirt! | Karen Wynne | TEDxHuntsville | ||
Rhonda Jacobs accepted English subtitles for Stop treating our soil like dirt! | Karen Wynne | TEDxHuntsville | ||
Rhonda Jacobs edited English subtitles for Stop treating our soil like dirt! | Karen Wynne | TEDxHuntsville | ||
Rhonda Jacobs edited English subtitles for Stop treating our soil like dirt! | Karen Wynne | TEDxHuntsville | ||
Rhonda Jacobs edited English subtitles for Stop treating our soil like dirt! | Karen Wynne | TEDxHuntsville | ||
Rhonda Jacobs edited English subtitles for Stop treating our soil like dirt! | Karen Wynne | TEDxHuntsville | ||
Rhonda Jacobs edited English subtitles for Stop treating our soil like dirt! | Karen Wynne | TEDxHuntsville | ||
Đạt Thành edited English subtitles for Stop treating our soil like dirt! | Karen Wynne | TEDxHuntsville |