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In society, we have to follow laws that maintain order.

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Did you know all chemical matter follows certain laws as well?

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In fact, we can describe those laws by looking at relationships.

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Some easy laws to begin with are the ones that govern the gases.

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Back in 1662, Robert Boyle realized that gases had an interesting response

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when he put them into containers and changed their volume.

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Take an empty bottle and put the cap on it, closing that container.

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Now squeeze your bottle, and what happens?

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The pressure inside the bottle increases when the size of the container decreases.

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You can only crush that container so much until the gases inside push back on your hand.

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This is called an inverse proportion, and it changes at the same rate for every gas.

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Boyle's law allows chemists to predict the volume of any gas at any given pressure

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because the relationship is always the same.

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In 1780, Jacques Charles noticed a different relationship between gases and their temperature.

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If you've ever seen a hot-air balloon, you've seen this law in action.

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When the ballons are laid out, they're totally flat.

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Instead of blowing the balloon up like a party balloon, they use a giant flame to heat the air inside that envelope.

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As the air is heated up, the balloon begins to inflate as the gas volume increases.

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The hotter the gas becomes, the larger the volume, and that's Charles' law.

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Notice this law is different from Boyle's.

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Charles' law is a direct relationship.

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As the temperature increases, the volume increases as well.

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The third law is also easily demonstrated.

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When you're blowing up party balloons, the volume increases.

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As you are blowing, you're forcing more and more gas particles into the balloon from your lungs.

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This causes the balloon volume to increase. This is Avogadro's law in action.

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As the number of particles of gas added to a container are increased,

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the volume will increase as well.

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If you add too many particles, well, you know what happens next.

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Laws are everywhere, even in the tiniest particles of gas.

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If you squeeze them, the pressure will increase as the particles are pushed together.

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Low volume means a high pressure because those particles push back.

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As the temperature increases, gases move away from one another, and the volume increases as well.

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Finally, if you add gas to a closed container, that container's volume will expand.

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But be careful not to add too much, because otherwise you could end up with a burst balloon.