[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.52,0:00:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Languages don't just die naturally.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.71,0:00:07.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,People abandon mother tongues,\Nbecause they're forced to.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.65,0:00:10.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Often, the pressure is political.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.78,0:00:13.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In 1892,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:13.20,0:00:15.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the US Army general Richard Henry Pratt
Dialogue: 0,0:00:15.47,0:00:17.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,argued that killing indigenous cultures
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.00,0:00:20.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was the only alternative\Nto killing indigenous people.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:21.86,0:00:24.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"Kill the Indian," he said,\N"but save the man."
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.69,0:00:28.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And until 1978,\Nthe government did just that,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.93,0:00:32.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,removing indigenous children\Nfrom their families
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.21,0:00:35.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and forcing them into boarding schools\Nwhere they were given English names
Dialogue: 0,0:00:35.73,0:00:38.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and punished for speaking their languages.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.75,0:00:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Assimilation was a complement to genocide.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:44.03,0:00:46.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seven thousand languages are alive today,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.48,0:00:48.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but few are recognized\Nby their own governments
Dialogue: 0,0:00:48.96,0:00:50.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or supported online.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.92,0:00:53.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So for people from the vast\Nmajority of cultures,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:53.50,0:00:56.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,globalization remains\Nprofoundly alienating.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.92,0:01:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It means giving up your language\Nfor someone else's.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:01.53,0:01:02.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if nothing changes,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:02.74,0:01:07.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as many as 3,000 languages\Ncould disappear in 80 years.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.24,0:01:09.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But things are changing.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:10.35,0:01:11.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.62,0:01:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,people are reviving ancestral languages
Dialogue: 0,0:01:14.21,0:01:16.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and rebuilding their cultures.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:17.27,0:01:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As far as we know,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:18.82,0:01:23.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,language reclamation began in the 1800s\Nwhen, at a time of rising antisemitism,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.43,0:01:26.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Jewish communities looked\Nto their ancestral language, Hebrew,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.58,0:01:28.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a means of cultural revival.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.17,0:01:32.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And though it had been dormant\Nfor over 1,000 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.66,0:01:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it was well preserved in books\Nof Jewish religion and philosophy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.57,0:01:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Jewish activists studied\Nand taught it to their children,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.70,0:01:43.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raising the first native speakers\Nin nearly 100 generations.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:44.20,0:01:47.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, it's the mother tongue\Nof five million Jews.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.78,0:01:49.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And at least for me,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:49.56,0:01:53.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,an assimilated English-speaking member\Nof the Jewish diaspora,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:53.46,0:01:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a pillar of cultural sovereignty.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:57.32,0:01:59.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Two thousand years later,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:59.64,0:02:00.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're still here.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.66,0:02:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, until recently,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.09,0:02:06.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hebrew's reawakening was an anomaly.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.60,0:02:09.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Few languages are\Nas well preserved as ours was,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.26,0:02:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the creation of Israel,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.04,0:02:13.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the first Jewish state\Nin over 1,000 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:13.70,0:02:16.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,provided a space for Hebrew's daily use.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:17.19,0:02:20.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In other words, most cultures\Njust weren't given a chance.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:20.55,0:02:22.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video) Good evening, I'm Elizabeth
Dialogue: 0,0:02:22.73,0:02:25.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I live in Cornwall.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.17,0:02:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That was Cornish,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.35,0:02:28.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the ancestral language of Cornwall,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.36,0:02:31.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which today is technically\Na county in southern England.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.64,0:02:35.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the 1900s, Cornish activists\Nfought for their culture.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:36.74,0:02:39.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The language had been dormant\Nfor over 100 years,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.07,0:02:42.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but they used old books and plays\Nto teach it to their children.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:43.24,0:02:45.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,However, this new generation\Nof Cornish speakers
Dialogue: 0,0:02:45.80,0:02:47.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,was scattered across Cornwall
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.31,0:02:49.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and unable to use the language freely.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.54,0:02:53.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,By the 1990s, Cornish had reawakened,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:53.91,0:02:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it wasn't thriving.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:56.84,0:03:01.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then, in the early 2000s,\NCornish speakers found one another online
Dialogue: 0,0:03:01.28,0:03:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and leveraged digital spaces\Nto speak on a daily basis.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.93,0:03:08.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From there, they organized\Nweekly or monthly events
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.64,0:03:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where they could gather\Nand speak in public.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:12.00,0:03:14.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, some schools teach Cornish.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.12,0:03:17.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There are Cornish language signs,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.29,0:03:18.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,ice-cream commercials,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.74,0:03:21.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Wikipedia, and even memes.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.25,0:03:24.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.82,0:03:29.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:03:30.39,0:03:32.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And with their language once again intact,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.54,0:03:34.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the people of Cornwall\Nhave secured recognition
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.92,0:03:38.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as a Celtic nation alongside\NIreland, Scotland and Wales.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.78,0:03:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They stared down centuries\Nof forced assimilation
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.39,0:03:43.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and said, "We're not a county in England.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:43.78,0:03:45.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We're a people in our own right.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:45.78,0:03:47.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And we're still here."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:47.65,0:03:49.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're not the only ones.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.14,0:03:53.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Tunica-Biloxi tribe of Louisiana\Nis reviving their ancestral language.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.90,0:03:55.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Video) My name is Teyanna.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:55.89,0:03:59.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My friends, they call me "Quiet Storm."
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.71,0:04:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It started in the 1980s,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:01.73,0:04:03.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when Donna Pierite and her family
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.64,0:04:06.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,started taking trips\Nto Baton Rouge and New Orleans
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.25,0:04:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to photocopy old dictionaries\Nstored away in university archives.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.72,0:04:13.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The goal was to study Tunica
Dialogue: 0,0:04:13.30,0:04:16.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and teach it to the children\Nand share it with the community.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:17.05,0:04:20.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Today, they're leading\Na Tunica renaissance.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:21.36,0:04:26.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since 2014, there are nearly 100 speakers\Nin language immersion classes,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:26.41,0:04:28.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and according to a 2017 census,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:28.90,0:04:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,32 new fluent speakers,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:31.56,0:04:34.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some of whom,\Nlike Donna's daughter Elisabeth,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:34.40,0:04:36.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are teaching Tunica to their children.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:36.30,0:04:38.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These new speakers are creating content,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:38.38,0:04:40.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Facebook videos and also memes.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.89,0:04:42.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.18,0:04:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:46.100,0:04:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.17,0:04:50.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the more they publish,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.46,0:04:53.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the more they inspire other\NTunica people to get involved.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:53.67,0:04:58.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Recently, a tribal member living in Texas\Nwrote Elisabeth on Facebook,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.08,0:05:00.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,asking how to say "bless these lands."
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.59,0:05:03.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It was for a yard sign,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.44,0:05:06.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so she could show her neighbors\Nthat her culture is alive
Dialogue: 0,0:05:06.21,0:05:07.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and thriving today.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:08.51,0:05:10.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, Hebrew, Cornish and Tunica
Dialogue: 0,0:05:10.56,0:05:15.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are just three examples from a groundswell\Nof language activism on every continent.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:15.65,0:05:18.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And whether they're Jèrriais speakers\Nfrom the Channel Isles,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.63,0:05:22.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Kenyan sign language\Nspeakers from Nairobi,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.91,0:05:26.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all communities working\Nto preserve or reclaim a language
Dialogue: 0,0:05:26.24,0:05:29.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,have one thing in common: media,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.15,0:05:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so their language\Ncan be shared and taught.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:31.94,0:05:34.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as the internet grows,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:34.06,0:05:36.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,expanding media access and creation,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.59,0:05:40.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,preserving and reclaiming\Nancestral languages
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.68,0:05:42.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is now more possible than ever.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:43.60,0:05:45.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what are your ancestral languages?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:46.02,0:05:49.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Mine are Hebrew, Yiddish,\NHungarian and Scottish Gaelic,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:49.16,0:05:51.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even though I was raised in English.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:51.85,0:05:55.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And luckily for me, each of these\Nlanguages is available online.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:55.53,0:05:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Hebrew in particular --\Nit came installed on my iPhone,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.27,0:06:00.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's supported by Google Translate,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.11,0:06:01.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it even has autocorrect.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:02.02,0:06:04.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And while your language\Nmay not be as widely supported,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:05.01,0:06:06.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I encourage you to investigate,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.59,0:06:10.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because chances are, someone, somewhere,\Nhas started getting it online.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.88,0:06:16.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Reclaiming your language\Nand embracing your culture
Dialogue: 0,0:06:16.70,0:06:20.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a powerful way to be yourself\Nin the age of globalization,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:20.56,0:06:23.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because as I recently learned\Nto say in Hebrew,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:23.90,0:06:26.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"'nḥnw 'dyyn k'n" --
Dialogue: 0,0:06:26.74,0:06:28.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we're still here.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:28.52,0:06:29.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:29.70,0:06:33.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)