0:00:08.260,0:00:11.180
Janice Kelsey: Hi, I'm Janice.[br]Jody Spangler: And I'm Jody.

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"Raising baby dragons to save the world."

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JK: Saving the world seems[br]like a pretty big task,

0:00:16.920,0:00:19.000
for ordinary people like you and me.

0:00:19.000,0:00:20.941
JS: Not for a dragon.

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JK: Just for this time together,

0:00:23.320,0:00:27.600
we want you to imagine[br]a world where dragons live,

0:00:27.600,0:00:30.790
where all children play on green grass,

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where women have access[br]to clean cooking fuel,

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right in their own homes,

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where families can light[br]and heat their homes

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at absolutely no cost.

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JS: Imagine, all this is true!

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JK: Allow us to introduce you[br]to how together we can make this happen.

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We're moms, we're educators

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and recently, we and several other women[br]have been dubbed "the women of biogas".

0:00:57.275,0:00:58.735
(Laughter)

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We have become part of a growing[br]global community on Facebook,

0:01:02.320,0:01:06.920
called "Solar CITIES Biogas[br]Innoventors & Practitioners",

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founded by dr. Thomas H Culhane.

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Over 6,000 members[br]are learning and sharing

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a technology that we believe[br]is an overlooked technology,

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called small-scale biogas,[br]or home-scale biogas.

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This ancient technology is well-known[br]in countries like India and China.

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JS: Still, many people[br]have never even heard of it.

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JK: We're going to introduce you[br]to your own baby dragon today;

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but before we do,

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you'll need to understand[br]the meaning of two words,

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biodigestion and biogas.

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Most people are familiar with composting.

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In composting,

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we pile up our leaves[br]and our grass clippings and garden waste

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into one big pile.

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Then we turn it from time to time,[br]to mix air into the pile.

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It heats up and it breaks down

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because of something[br]called aerobic bacteria.

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That's bacteria that likes air.

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After a few months,

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we have well-aged compost[br]that we can put on our garden.

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In biodigestion we take our manure,[br]our food waste and our garden waste

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and we put it into a closed container.

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The bacteria inside of this container[br]digest the material,

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then we fill up the tank with water

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to remove all the air,[br]because this bacteria does not like air.

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This bacteria breaks up the contents[br]of the container within 24 hours.

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In a day, rather than months.

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The bacteria inside of you,[br]me and any animal is anaerobic,

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which leads us to the word biogas.

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The meaning of the word biogas[br]is much easier to understand.

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The dictionary says that biogas[br]is a gaseous fuel, especially methane,

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produced by the fermentation[br]of organic matter.

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In the relatively[br]new field of permaculture,

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the biogas is considered

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one of the "appropriate technologies"[br]in permaculture design.

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Now, to bring biogas[br]down to a very basic level,

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I'm going to illustrate by using a word

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that you don't typically hear[br]in such a prestigious venue as this.

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Are you ready?

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Fart.

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(Laughter)

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You knew it was coming.

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How many of you men,[br]maybe even some of you ladies,

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lit or knew someone[br]who lit a fart on fire

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because they didn't believe[br]it would really work?

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And it did!

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Well, that is an example of biogas[br]on a very small scale.

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Your body is a small-scale biodigester.

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You eat food;

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the bacteria in your gut digest that food;

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it creates gas; and you pass biogas.

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Pretty simple, right?

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Well, our baby dragon[br]is much more delicate.

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This is the biogas stove in my kitchen.

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My baby dragon helps me[br]to cook my breakfast on biogas,

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every morning, with a clean blue flame.

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Can you believe that you can cook meals[br]on poop and food waste?

0:04:16.600,0:04:18.200
(Laughter)

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Well we're going to show you how,[br]beginning with conception.

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Jodi's going to help us put together[br]the basic body parts.

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What we have here[br]is an intermediate bulk container.

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Now, these containers are used[br]to ship liquids all around the world.

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But once they're done with that,[br]they become industrial trash.

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So we can recycle this trash

0:04:43.520,0:04:46.200
and turn it into a source[br]of sustainable energy.

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We first cut a hole in one corner,

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and then we cut a hole[br]in the opposite corner.

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Now what Jodi's holding up[br]are called uniseals.

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They're basically rubber gaskets[br]that create a tight seal with no leaks.

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We would normally glue these in,[br]but we're not going to do that today.

0:05:05.070,0:05:08.440
Your baby dragon is going to need[br]three basic sections:

0:05:08.440,0:05:10.840
she is going to need[br]a mouth and a throat;

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she's going to need an outlet[br]that we'll talk more about later;

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and then she is also going to spit fire[br]when she's old enough.

0:05:18.360,0:05:20.160
She's going to spit biogas,

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so she's going to need[br]an outlet for that too.

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The gas outlet is basically

0:05:26.000,0:05:29.150
a combination of pipes[br]and plumbing fixtures

0:05:29.150,0:05:30.260
that get glued together

0:05:30.260,0:05:32.640
and then fastened[br]to the lid of the container.

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Let's take a look inside.

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Your little embryo of a dragon

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has a thin layer of stone[br]in the bottom of its belly

0:05:42.800,0:05:47.786
to create more surface area[br]for the bacteria to live on.

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Next, your baby dragon

0:05:51.640,0:05:54.600
is going to need[br]some good healthy gut bacteria

0:05:54.600,0:05:58.200
so we're going to add[br]a nice thick layer of fresh manure.

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You can use cow, horse, chicken.

0:06:01.920,0:06:06.560
Tou can even use dog or human manure[br]or any combination of those.

0:06:06.560,0:06:11.200
If you don't have any animals of your own[br]offer to help clean out somebody's barn.

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JS: They will think you're crazy,[br]but they'll appreciate it in the end.

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JK: Finally, we add water.

0:06:19.749,0:06:21.700
Fill the tank with water.

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Now, we allow this to incubate[br]for two to three weeks.

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Once the bacteria[br]has digested what's in the manure

0:06:30.600,0:06:34.040
it's going to get hungry,[br]and it's going to look for food.

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And it's going to hatch!

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JS: Congratulations!

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(Laughter)

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JK: You are now the proud parent[br]of a baby dragon,

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or what we call[br]a solar cities IBC biodigester.

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Seriously, this is how easy[br]and simple the technology is.

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But this is a living biological creature[br]that needs to be cared for.

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Caring for a home-scale biodigester[br]is just like raising a baby dragon.

0:07:05.960,0:07:09.640
The first thing we need to learn[br]about any baby is how to feed her.

0:07:09.640,0:07:14.480
She has a mouth but she can't chew:[br]she's just a baby with no teeth.

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We use an InSinkErator

0:07:17.120,0:07:20.560
to grind our food waste[br]with equal amounts of water

0:07:20.560,0:07:21.950
to create baby food.

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You can also use[br]a hand grinder or a blender.

0:07:25.160,0:07:26.400
It works just as well.

0:07:26.400,0:07:30.080
To feed this baby dragon[br]we simply pour the food into her mouth.

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It'll go all the way down to the bottom[br]where this pipe is cut at an angle.

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There you go.

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Once inside the belly of the baby dragon,[br]the food will begin to digest.

0:07:42.520,0:07:45.680
A heavier food at the bottom[br]is going to digest more quickly

0:07:45.680,0:07:48.440
because it's closest[br]to the greatest number of bacteria.

0:07:49.480,0:07:51.920
Oils and food that float to the top,

0:07:51.920,0:07:54.242
they're going to digest[br]a little more slowly.

0:07:54.242,0:07:57.960
In the middle of the tank[br]is our digested material.

0:07:58.186,0:08:03.000
Now we all know, raising a baby[br]is all about bodily functions.

0:08:03.000,0:08:06.440
So keep in mind,[br]her belly is full of water

0:08:06.440,0:08:09.160
and what goes in must come out.

0:08:09.160,0:08:12.096
Yes, your baby dragon pees.

0:08:12.308,0:08:13.899
(Laughter)

0:08:14.160,0:08:17.960
The liquid will be pulled up[br]through the hole in that smaller pipe.

0:08:17.960,0:08:21.040
I guess you can call this section[br]your baby dragon's bladder.

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JS: This is liquid gold.

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JK: That is our very concentrated[br]and perfect fertilizer.

0:08:29.868,0:08:34.360
We can use it on our garden,[br]we can water our lawn with it,

0:08:34.360,0:08:36.461
we even share it[br]with our gardening friends.

0:08:36.461,0:08:39.239
And unlike composting,

0:08:39.239,0:08:43.440
our baby dragon is a closed system[br]at the perfect temperature,

0:08:43.440,0:08:47.400
so this fertilizer has lost[br]none of its nutrient value.

0:08:47.400,0:08:49.880
And it shows, obviously it shows.

0:08:50.294,0:08:54.000
Because my garden has never been[br]as productive or as green.

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Small-scale,

0:08:57.600,0:09:01.960
but there are many places[br]that can benefit from small-scale biogas.

0:09:02.960,0:09:05.920
Our team has chosen three[br]to highlight for you today:

0:09:06.520,0:09:08.880
right here in our own backyard[br]of Pennsylvania;

0:09:09.912,0:09:11.200
a school in Kenya;

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and a refugee camp in the Middle East.

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We truly believe that together[br]we can change the world.

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Imagine giving women[br]the ability to feed their families

0:09:24.400,0:09:28.520
with clean, free cooking fuel[br]made from manure and food waste.

0:09:29.190,0:09:30.200
This is Susan.

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She lives in the Amish countryside,

0:09:32.440,0:09:35.640
in a community that rarely uses[br]electricity tied to the grid.

0:09:36.520,0:09:39.360
She has a huge garden,[br]and plenty of garden waste.

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She can use that fuel[br]to cook and to heat a part of her home,

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and she can put the fertilizer[br]right back on her garden.

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We can empower women like Susan[br]here and around the world

0:09:50.640,0:09:52.310
to do this in their own backyards.

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JS: Imagine that.

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JK: This can also be used

0:09:57.440,0:09:59.640
in struggling communities[br]around the world.

0:10:00.640,0:10:03.760
This is a picture of[br]"Rescue Team Kenya - Community School".

0:10:05.360,0:10:09.440
It is located within[br]an overcrowded labyrinth of tin shacks,

0:10:09.440,0:10:10.940
in a hot climate,

0:10:10.940,0:10:13.480
with no running water and no real toilets.

0:10:14.000,0:10:17.320
The man in the orange shirt[br]is Robert Ongera Ombeka.

0:10:18.080,0:10:22.320
He lived in the slums, he's self educated,[br]he got himself out of the slum

0:10:22.320,0:10:25.120
and now he goes back[br]every day to change lives.

0:10:26.200,0:10:30.040
Together we managed to support Robert[br]in setting up this little school

0:10:30.040,0:10:31.880
with room enough for 15 students.

0:10:32.889,0:10:36.320
Sixty-five children showed up[br]the first day he opened the door.

0:10:37.760,0:10:41.280
There is a powerful desire[br]for education in Kenya,

0:10:41.280,0:10:43.950
even among the most vulnerable:

0:10:43.950,0:10:48.150
the impoverished, the orphaned,[br]the hungry and even the sick.

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We are all about education.

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We care about empowering individuals[br]to rise above their situation.

0:10:56.800,0:11:00.960
But it begins we clean water,[br]food and sanitation.

0:11:01.880,0:11:03.000
Together as a community

0:11:03.000,0:11:06.560
we managed to bring clean water,[br]food and school supplies

0:11:06.560,0:11:08.099
to this little makeshift school.

0:11:09.160,0:11:12.400
Imagine these children[br]learning how to grow food

0:11:12.400,0:11:14.880
with the fertilizer they helped to make.

0:11:16.680,0:11:20.360
Imagine smoke-free cooking[br]in Kenya and around the world.

0:11:21.200,0:11:24.400
Millions of people,[br]mostly women and children,

0:11:24.960,0:11:27.720
would no longer die[br]from carbon-related illnesses,

0:11:27.720,0:11:29.020
every year.

0:11:29.680,0:11:34.420
JS: With no need for firewood,[br]imagine an end to deforestation!

0:11:34.758,0:11:36.800
JK: The village of Chittoor,[br]India, did it.

0:11:37.400,0:11:41.520
They call it the smoke-free village:[br]every family uses a biodigester.

0:11:44.170,0:11:49.200
Imagine: free biogas,[br]no need for firewood, and there's more.

0:11:50.720,0:11:53.600
Imagine connecting[br]bio digesters to toilets.

0:11:54.520,0:11:56.120
That would not only provide them

0:11:56.120,0:11:59.320
with better sanitation,[br]clean cooking fuel and fertilizer,

0:11:59.320,0:12:01.080
but would also give them dignity.

0:12:01.840,0:12:03.920
This is not a toilet that you see here.

0:12:03.920,0:12:07.400
This is just the safest place[br]for this young lady to relieve herself

0:12:07.400,0:12:08.410
in Mukuru Slum.

0:12:10.640,0:12:13.080
Our third idea relates to refugee camps.

0:12:14.600,0:12:17.840
Our first experience[br]with refugees was in 2005,

0:12:17.840,0:12:22.160
when I became the advisor[br]to a 15 year old boy from Baghdad, Iraq

0:12:22.160,0:12:23.891
who came here as a youth ambassador.

0:12:24.560,0:12:28.680
We've all seen photos of the refugee camps[br]growing around the world.

0:12:29.360,0:12:31.920
This crisis has become so severe

0:12:31.920,0:12:35.160
that the number of people living[br]in this refugee camp alone

0:12:35.840,0:12:38.640
makes it equal to the second[br]largest city in Jordan.

0:12:40.205,0:12:41.599
They have nowhere to go.

0:12:43.080,0:12:46.120
This refugee camp has evolved into a city.

0:12:47.640,0:12:50.360
This is our crisis, it's happening now.

0:12:50.360,0:12:51.880
This is in the news today.

0:12:54.360,0:12:57.720
Mass migration,[br]for various reasons, is real.

0:12:58.720,0:13:01.320
Camps like this are not[br]going away anytime soon.

0:13:02.440,0:13:06.880
Imagine clean, accessible cooking fuel[br]for every family in this refugee camp.

0:13:08.200,0:13:11.600
Imagine how simple[br]a process sanitation becomes,

0:13:11.600,0:13:14.760
when dealing with human waste[br]and food waste right on-site.

0:13:16.320,0:13:18.320
Small-scale biogas is scalable:

0:13:18.320,0:13:20.840
we can scale it up[br]and we can scale it down.

0:13:20.840,0:13:23.160
Is it for a small family like Susan's,

0:13:23.160,0:13:25.560
or is it for a school,[br]like Rescue Team Kenya,

0:13:26.240,0:13:27.880
or is it for a community

0:13:27.880,0:13:32.500
like the ever-growing number[br]of refugee camps in the world today?

0:13:34.140,0:13:36.810
Imagine an end to fracking.

0:13:36.810,0:13:38.490
This is natural gas.

0:13:43.560,0:13:48.000
Imagine no concerns about pipelines[br]running for your neighborhood,

0:13:49.080,0:13:50.680
because we create our own energy.

0:13:50.680,0:13:53.290
We keep our waste, it has value.

0:13:53.960,0:13:57.020
We turn it into energy, and we benefit.

0:13:58.960,0:14:01.160
Imagine freedom from fossil fuels:

0:14:02.200,0:14:04.640
countries like India and Sweden

0:14:04.640,0:14:07.550
are running buses[br]and trash trucks on biogas.

0:14:07.859,0:14:09.320
We can too.

0:14:09.320,0:14:10.760
The possibilities are endless.

0:14:13.640,0:14:19.160
The rapid spread of this technology[br]could have a profound, global impact.

0:14:20.200,0:14:21.397
What can you do?

0:14:21.960,0:14:25.680
Go online and learn more[br]about solar cities and biodigestion.

0:14:27.280,0:14:30.360
Join the biogas movement,[br]and do this at home.

0:14:31.600,0:14:33.920
Share this with your[br]local community leaders,

0:14:34.680,0:14:37.160
and encourage[br]your department of agriculture

0:14:37.160,0:14:40.720
to take a closer look[br]at small-scale biodigestion.

0:14:43.040,0:14:45.720
Through education,[br]innovation and outreach,

0:14:46.880,0:14:49.280
through the help[br]of our heroic baby dragons

0:14:49.905,0:14:51.476
and a whole lot of love,

0:14:51.840,0:14:55.480
we can fix our eyes[br]on a simple overlooked solution

0:14:55.480,0:14:56.988
to what we now call waste.

0:14:57.960,0:15:00.596
With biogas, there is no waste.

0:15:01.920,0:15:05.400
We need you to help spread[br]this gospel of God biogas.

0:15:07.016,0:15:09.050
JS: This is the sign language for love.

0:15:09.050,0:15:11.088
It's also the sign we're using for biogas.

0:15:11.088,0:15:13.437
Inlet, outlet and gas.

0:15:14.130,0:15:15.828
Imagine.

0:15:16.270,0:15:18.398
(Applause)