[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:01.11,0:00:03.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chris Anderson: So, you've been\Nobsessed with this problem
Dialogue: 0,0:00:03.99,0:00:05.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the last few years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:05.78,0:00:07.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the problem, in your own words?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:07.84,0:00:08.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Andrew Forrest: Plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.60,0:00:11.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simple as that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.31,0:00:18.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our inability to use it for the tremendous\Nenergetic commodity that it is,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.33,0:00:19.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just throw it away.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.84,0:00:23.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And so we see waste everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:23.93,0:00:26.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At its extreme, it looks a bit like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.42,0:00:28.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, where was this picture taken?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:28.78,0:00:30.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: That's in the Philippines,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.25,0:00:33.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you know, there's a lot of rivers,\Nladies and gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.18,0:00:34.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which look exactly like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:34.62,0:00:36.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's 169 in Sri Lanka alone.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:36.80,0:00:38.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's the Philippines.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:38.56,0:00:41.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's all over Southeast Asia.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.30,0:00:43.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So plastic is thrown into the rivers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.30,0:00:45.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from there, of course,\Nit ends up in the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:46.60,0:00:50.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, we obviously\Nsee it on the beaches,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.20,0:00:52.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's not even your main concern.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.76,0:00:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's what's actually happening to it\Nin the oceans. Talk about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:56.26,0:00:58.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: OK, so look. Thank you, Chris.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.78,0:00:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About four years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:59.98,0:01:03.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought I'd do something\Nreally barking crazy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.32,0:01:08.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I committed to do a PhD\Nin marine ecology.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.05,0:01:11.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the scary part about that was,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.29,0:01:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sure, I learned a lot about marine life,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:13.24,0:01:15.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it taught me more about marine death
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.48,0:01:21.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the extreme mass\Necological fatality of fish,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:21.66,0:01:23.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of marine life, marine mammals,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.94,0:01:26.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very close biology to us,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.43,0:01:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are dying in the millions\Nif not trillions that we can't count
Dialogue: 0,0:01:30.69,0:01:32.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the hands of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.39,0:01:36.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: But people think of plastic\Nas ugly but stable. Right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:36.26,0:01:39.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You throw something in the ocean,\N"Hey, it'll just sit there forever.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.72,0:01:41.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Can't do any damage, right?"
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.39,0:01:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: See, Chris, it's an incredible\Nsubstance designed for the economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:48.18,0:01:52.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the worst substance possible\Nfor the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.90,0:01:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The worst thing about plastics,\Nas soon as it hits the environment,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.11,0:01:58.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it fragments.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.92,0:02:01.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It never stops being plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:01.39,0:02:04.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It breaks down smaller\Nand smaller and smaller,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:04.11,0:02:06.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the breaking science on this, Chris,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:06.78,0:02:09.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we've known in marine ecology\Nfor a few years now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:09.46,0:02:11.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's going to hit humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.43,0:02:15.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marine mammals, 99.9 percent\Nsame biology as us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.52,0:02:18.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are aware now that nanoplastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.71,0:02:23.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the very, very small particles of plastic,\Ncarrying their negative charge,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:23.34,0:02:26.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can go straight through\Nthe pores of your skin.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:26.99,0:02:28.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not the bad news.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:28.19,0:02:32.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bad news is that it goes\Nstraight through the blood-brain barrier,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:32.75,0:02:35.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that protective coating which is there\Nto protect your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.66,0:02:39.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your brain's a little amorphous, wet mass\Nfull of little electrical charges.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.69,0:02:42.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You put a negative particle into that,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.99,0:02:46.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly a negative particle\Nwhich can carry pathogens,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:46.55,0:02:50.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you have a negative charge,\Nit attracts positive-charge elements,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.16,0:02:52.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like pathogens, toxins,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.60,0:02:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mercury, lead.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.93,0:02:58.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the breaking science\Nwe're going to see in the next 12 months.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.28,0:03:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So already I think you told me\Nthat there's like 600 plastic bags or so
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.11,0:03:05.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for every fish that size\Nin the ocean, something like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:05.73,0:03:08.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And they're breaking down,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.63,0:03:10.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's going to be ever more of them,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.69,0:03:13.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we haven't even seen the start\Nof the consequences of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.69,0:03:15.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: No, we really haven't.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:15.31,0:03:18.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The Ellen MacArthur Foundation,\Nthey're a bunch of good scientists,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:18.56,0:03:20.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've been working with them for a while.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:20.64,0:03:22.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've completely verified their work.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.40,0:03:25.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They say there will be\None ton of plastic, Chris,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.13,0:03:27.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for every three tons\Nof fish by, not 2050 --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.67,0:03:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I really get impatient with people\Nwho talk about 2050 -- by 2025.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.30,0:03:33.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's around the corner.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:33.57,0:03:35.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's just the here and now.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:35.72,0:03:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't need one ton of plastic\Nto completely wipe out marine life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:38.100,0:03:42.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Less than that is going\Nto do a fine job at it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:42.08,0:03:46.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have to end it straightaway.\NWe've got no time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.58,0:03:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: OK, so you have an idea for ending it,\Nand you're coming at this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:50.97,0:03:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not as a typical environmental\Ncampaigner, I would say,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.69,0:03:56.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as a businessmen,\Nas an entrepreneur, who has lived --
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.90,0:04:00.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you've spent your whole life thinking\Nabout global economic systems
Dialogue: 0,0:04:00.41,0:04:02.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and how they work.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.09,0:04:03.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if I understand it right,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:03.72,0:04:10.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your idea depends on heroes\Nwho look something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.26,0:04:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's her profession?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:11.80,0:04:15.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: She, Chris, is a ragpicker,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.03,0:04:18.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there were 15, 20 million\Nragpickers like her,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:18.78,0:04:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until China stopped taking\Neveryone's waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.06,0:04:27.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the price of plastic,\Nminuscule that it was, collapsed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.30,0:04:29.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That led to people like her,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:29.10,0:04:33.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which, now -- she is a child\Nwho is a schoolchild.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.35,0:04:35.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She should be at school.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.04,0:04:37.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's probably very akin to slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.33,0:04:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My daughter Grace and I have met\Nhundreds of people like her.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.32,0:04:43.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And there are many adults as well,\Nliterally millions around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.90,0:04:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in some industries,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:45.10,0:04:47.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they actually account\Nfor the fact that, for example,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:47.69,0:04:49.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we don't see a lot\Nof metal waste in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.92,0:04:51.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: That's exactly right.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:51.16,0:04:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That little girl is, in fact,\Nthe hero of the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.31,0:04:57.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's in competition with\Na great big petrochemical plant
Dialogue: 0,0:04:57.94,0:04:59.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is just down the road,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.32,0:05:01.100,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the three-and-a-half-billion-dollar\Npetrochemical plant.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:02.02,0:05:03.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.21,0:05:07.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got more oil and gas\Nin plastic and landfill
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.68,0:05:11.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than we have in the entire oil and gas\Nresources of the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.47,0:05:13.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she is the hero.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.52,0:05:16.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that's what that landfill looks like,\Nladies and gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.50,0:05:18.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's solid oil and gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:18.95,0:05:22.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So there's huge value\Npotentially locked up in there
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.64,0:05:27.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the world's ragpickers would,\Nif they could, make a living from.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.21,0:05:28.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But why can't they?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:29.65,0:05:32.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Because we have ingrained in us
Dialogue: 0,0:05:32.93,0:05:37.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a price of plastic from fossil fuels,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:37.29,0:05:40.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which sits just under what it takes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.89,0:05:45.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to economically and profitably\Nrecycle plastic from plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.46,0:05:50.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,See, all plastic is\Nis building blocks from oil and gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.52,0:05:54.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plastic's 100 percent polymer,\Nwhich is 100 percent oil and gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.43,0:05:56.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And you know we've got\Nenough plastic in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:05:56.85,0:05:58.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for all our needs.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.06,0:06:00.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And when we recycle plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.60,0:06:03.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we can't recycle it cheaper\Nthan fossil fuel plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:03.89,0:06:07.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then, of course, the world\Njust sticks to fossil fuel plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:07.25,0:06:09.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So that's the fundamental problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:09.25,0:06:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the price of recycled plastic\Nis usually more
Dialogue: 0,0:06:13.39,0:06:17.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than the price of just buying\Nit made fresh from more oil.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:17.93,0:06:19.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the fundamental problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.50,0:06:22.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: A slight tweak\Nof the rules here, Chris.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.66,0:06:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a commodity person.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.45,0:06:31.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understand that we used to have\Nscrap metal and rubbish iron
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.48,0:06:34.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bits of copper lying\Nall round the villages,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:34.51,0:06:36.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly in the developing world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:36.36,0:06:38.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people worked out it's got a value.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:38.28,0:06:41.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually an article of value,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.46,0:06:42.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not of waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:42.91,0:06:46.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now the villages and the cities\Nand the streets are clean,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.11,0:06:50.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't trip over scrap copper\Nor scrap iron now,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.67,0:06:54.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's an article of value,\Nit gets recycled.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.05,0:06:59.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So what's your idea, then,\Nto try to change that in plastics?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.67,0:07:01.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: OK, so Chris,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.30,0:07:05.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for most part of that PhD,\NI've been doing research.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.28,0:07:08.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And the good thing about being\Na businessperson who's done OK at it
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.58,0:07:10.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that people want to see you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.46,0:07:11.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other businesspeople,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:11.65,0:07:15.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if you're kind of a bit of a zoo\Nanimal species they'd like to check out,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.78,0:07:18.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll say, yeah, OK,\Nwe'll all meet Twiggy Forrest.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.29,0:07:20.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so once you're in there,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.18,0:07:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can interrogate them.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.73,0:07:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And I've been to most of the oil and gas\Nand fast-moving consumer good companies
Dialogue: 0,0:07:27.72,0:07:28.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.95,0:07:32.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is a real will to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.05,0:07:33.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, there's a couple of dinosaurs
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.88,0:07:36.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are going to hope\Nfor the best and do nothing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:36.39,0:07:38.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's a real will to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:38.36,0:07:40.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what I've been discussing is,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.18,0:07:43.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the seven and a half billion\Npeople in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.68,0:07:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't actually deserve to have\Ntheir environment smashed by plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:47.62,0:07:52.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their oceans rendered depauperate\Nor barren of sea life because of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:52.86,0:07:54.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you come down that chain,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.31,0:07:58.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's tens of thousands of brands\Nwhich we all buy heaps of products from,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.48,0:08:01.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then there's only a hundred\Nmajor resin producers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:01.98,0:08:04.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,big petrochemical plants,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.14,0:08:06.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that spew out all the plastic\Nwhich is single use.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:06.88,0:08:08.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So one hundred companies
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.29,0:08:10.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are right at the base\Nof this food chain, as it were.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.81,0:08:11.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.100,0:08:14.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And so what do you need\Nthose one hundred companies to do?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.96,0:08:19.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: OK, so we need them\Nto simply raise the value
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.54,0:08:22.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the building blocks of plastic\Nfrom oil and gas,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.43,0:08:25.00,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I call "bad plastic,"
Dialogue: 0,0:08:25.02,0:08:26.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raise the value of that,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.35,0:08:30.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that when it spreads through the brands\Nand onto us, the customers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.20,0:08:34.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we won't barely even notice\Nan increase in our coffee cup
Dialogue: 0,0:08:34.68,0:08:37.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Coke or Pepsi, or anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:37.69,0:08:39.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Like, what, like a cent extra?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.48,0:08:41.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Less. Quarter of a cent, half a cent.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.50,0:08:44.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'll be absolutely minimal.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.72,0:08:45.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But what it does,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:45.99,0:08:50.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it makes every bit of plastic\Nall over the world an article of value.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.71,0:08:54.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where you have the waste worst,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.21,0:08:56.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say Southeast Asia, India,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.12,0:08:58.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's where the wealth is most.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.22,0:09:00.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: OK, so it feels like\Nthere's two parts to this.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.70,0:09:04.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is, if they will charge more money
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.72,0:09:07.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but carve out that excess
Dialogue: 0,0:09:07.93,0:09:12.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pay it -- into what? --\Na fund operated by someone
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.42,0:09:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tackle this problem of -- what?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.21,0:09:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would that money be used for,\Nthat they charge the extra for?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:18.83,0:09:21.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: So when I speak\Nto really big businesses,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:21.31,0:09:24.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say, "Look, I need you to change,\Nand I need you to change really fast,"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.88,0:09:27.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their eyes are going\Nto peel over in boredom,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.62,0:09:29.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless I say, "And it's good business."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:29.98,0:09:32.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"OK, now you've got my attention, Andrew."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.10,0:09:34.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I say, "Right, I need\Nyou to make a contribution
Dialogue: 0,0:09:34.96,0:09:37.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to an environmental\Nand industry transition fund.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:37.52,0:09:38.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over two or three years,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.98,0:09:41.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the entire global plastics industry
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.20,0:09:45.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can transition from getting\Nits building blocks from fossil fuel
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.33,0:09:47.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to getting its building\Nblocks from plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.45,0:09:48.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The technology is out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:48.94,0:09:50.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's proven."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.23,0:09:53.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've taken two multibillion-dollar\Noperations from nothing,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.73,0:09:56.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recognizing that\Nthe technology can be scaled.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.57,0:10:01.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see at least a dozen technologies\Nin plastic to handle all types of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.09,0:10:04.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So once those technologies\Nhave an economic margin,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.67,0:10:06.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which this gives them,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.61,0:10:09.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's where the global public\Nwill get all their plastic from,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:09.90,0:10:11.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from existing plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.80,0:10:15.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So every sale of virgin plastic\Ncontributes money to a fund
Dialogue: 0,0:10:15.96,0:10:18.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is used to basically\Ntransition the industry
Dialogue: 0,0:10:18.82,0:10:21.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start to pay for things\Nlike cleanup and other pieces.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.69,0:10:23.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Absolutely. Absolutely.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.08,0:10:25.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And it has\Nthe incredible side benefit,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:25.11,0:10:26.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is maybe even the main benefit,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.92,0:10:28.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of creating a market.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.29,0:10:31.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It suddenly makes recyclable plastic
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.45,0:10:36.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a giant business that can unlock\Nmillions of people around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.06,0:10:37.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find a new living collecting it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:37.93,0:10:39.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Yeah, exactly.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:39.10,0:10:43.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all you do is, you've got fossil\Nfuel plastics at this value
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.65,0:10:45.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recycled plastic at this value.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.73,0:10:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You change it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.07,0:10:51.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So recycled plastic is cheaper\Nthan fossil fuel plastics.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.68,0:10:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world goes to [recycled plastics.]
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.64,0:10:56.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I love about this most, Chris,\Nis that, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:56.83,0:11:02.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we waste into the environment\N300, 350 million tons of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.40,0:11:04.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the oil and gas companies own accounts,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:04.97,0:11:06.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to grow to 500 million tons.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.01,0:11:09.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an accelerating problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.46,0:11:13.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But every ton of that is polymer.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.23,0:11:16.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Polymer is 1,000 dollars,\N1,500 dollars a ton.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.76,0:11:20.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's half a trillion dollars\Nwhich could go into business
Dialogue: 0,0:11:20.89,0:11:24.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could create jobs and opportunities\Nand wealth right across the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:24.45,0:11:26.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly in the most impoverished.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.47,0:11:27.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Yet we throw it away.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:27.76,0:11:31.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So this would allow the big companies\Nto invest in recycling plants
Dialogue: 0,0:11:31.16,0:11:32.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literally all over the world --
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.69,0:11:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: All over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.87,0:11:35.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Because the technology\Nis low-capital cost,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:35.94,0:11:38.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can put it in at rubbish dumps,\Nat the bottom of big hotels,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:39.00,0:11:40.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,garbage depots, everywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.33,0:11:41.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn that waste into resin.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.64,0:11:43.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Now, you're a philanthropist,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.27,0:11:46.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're ready to commit\Nsome of your own wealth to this.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:46.08,0:11:48.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the role of philanthropy\Nin this project?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:48.40,0:11:52.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: I think what we have to do\Nis kick in the 40 to 50 million US dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.26,0:11:53.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get it going,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.68,0:11:56.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we have to create\Nabsolute transparency
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.18,0:11:59.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so everyone can see\Nexactly what's going on.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.43,0:12:02.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,From the resin producers\Nto the brands to the consumers,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.72,0:12:05.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone gets to see\Nwho is playing the game,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:05.26,0:12:07.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is protecting the Earth,\Nand who doesn't care.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:07.94,0:12:10.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And that'll cost about\Na million dollars a week,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.30,0:12:12.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're going to underwrite\Nthat for five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:12.71,0:12:15.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Total contribution is circa\N300 million US dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.56,0:12:16.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Wow.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:16.92,0:12:18.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:18.19,0:12:23.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.10,0:12:26.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've talked to other companies,\Nlike to the Coca-Colas of this world,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.55,0:12:29.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are willing to do this,\Nthey're willing to pay a higher price,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.72,0:12:31.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would like to pay a higher price,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.57,0:12:32.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so long as it's fair.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.74,0:12:35.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Yeah, it's fair.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:35.15,0:12:38.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So, Coca-Cola wouldn't\Nlike Pepsi to play ball
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.33,0:12:41.13,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless the whole world knew\Nthat Pepsi wasn't playing ball.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.15,0:12:42.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they don't care.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.35,0:12:45.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's that transparency of the market
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.27,0:12:47.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where, if people try and cheat the system,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:47.63,0:12:49.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the market can see it,\Nthe consumers can see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.01,0:12:52.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The consumers want a role to play in this.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.16,0:12:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seven and a half billion of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.71,0:12:56.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't want our world smashed\Nby a hundred companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:56.35,0:12:59.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Well, so tell us, you've said\Nwhat the companies can do
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.18,0:13:00.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what you're willing to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:00.67,0:13:02.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What can people listening do?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.09,0:13:04.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: OK, so I would like all of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.41,0:13:05.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.63,0:13:08.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go a website called noplasticwaste.org.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.74,0:13:10.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You contact your hundred resin producers
Dialogue: 0,0:13:10.89,0:13:12.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are in your region.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.35,0:13:14.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will have at least one
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.05,0:13:18.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within an email or Twitter\Nor a telephone contact from you,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.51,0:13:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let them know that you would like them\Nto make a contribution to a fund
Dialogue: 0,0:13:23.97,0:13:26.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which industry can manage\Nor the World Bank can manage.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.62,0:13:30.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It raises tens of billions\Nof dollars per year
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.34,0:13:35.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can transition the industry\Nto getting all its plastic from plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.04,0:13:36.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not from fossil fuel.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:36.24,0:13:38.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't need that.\NThat's bad. This is good.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.51,0:13:40.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it can clean up the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.54,0:13:42.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got enough capital there,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.12,0:13:45.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've got tens of billions\Nof dollars, Chris, per annum
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.10,0:13:46.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to clean up the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.56,0:13:48.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: You're in the recycling business.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.36,0:13:50.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't this a conflict of interest for you,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:50.39,0:13:52.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or rather, a huge business\Nopportunity for you?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.62,0:13:54.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Yeah, look, I'm in\Nthe iron ore business,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.78,0:13:56.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I compete against\Nthe scrap metal business,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.01,0:14:00.45,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's why you don't have\Nany scrap lying around to trip over,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.47,0:14:01.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cut your toe on,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:01.94,0:14:03.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it gets collected.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:03.24,0:14:06.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: This isn't your excuse\Nto go into the plastic recycling business.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.56,0:14:08.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: No, I am going to cheer for this boom.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.91,0:14:11.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will be the internet\Nof plastic waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.04,0:14:14.38,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will be a boom industry\Nwhich will spread all over the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.40,0:14:18.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and particularly where poverty is worst\Nbecause that's where the rubbish is most,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.49,0:14:19.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's the resource.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.83,0:14:23.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I'm going to cheer for it\Nand stand back.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.06,0:14:24.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Twiggy, we're in an era
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.43,0:14:29.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where so many people around the world\Nare craving a new, regenerative economy,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.12,0:14:31.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these big supply chains,\Nthese big industries,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.77,0:14:33.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fundamentally transform.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:33.83,0:14:35.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It strikes me as a giant idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.59,0:14:38.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're going to need a lot of people\Ncheering you on your way
Dialogue: 0,0:14:38.67,0:14:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to make it happen.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.86,0:14:41.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you for sharing this with us.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:41.56,0:14:43.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Thank you very much. Thank you, Chris.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:43.61,0:14:45.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)