0:00:01.111,0:00:03.969 Chris Anderson: So, you've been[br]obsessed with this problem 0:00:03.993,0:00:05.757 for the last few years. 0:00:05.781,0:00:07.821 What is the problem, in your own words? 0:00:07.845,0:00:08.995 Andrew Forrest: Plastic. 0:00:09.600,0:00:11.288 Simple as that. 0:00:11.312,0:00:18.305 Our inability to use it for the tremendous[br]energetic commodity that it is 0:00:18.329,0:00:19.705 and just throw it away. 0:00:20.838,0:00:23.909 CA: And so we see waste everywhere. 0:00:23.933,0:00:26.397 At its extreme, it looks a bit like this. 0:00:26.421,0:00:28.752 I mean, where was this picture taken? 0:00:28.776,0:00:30.226 AF: That's in the Philippines, 0:00:30.250,0:00:33.155 and you know, there's a lot of rivers,[br]ladies and gentlemen, 0:00:33.180,0:00:34.590 which look exactly like that. 0:00:34.615,0:00:36.771 There's 169 in Sri Lanka alone. 0:00:36.795,0:00:38.538 And that's the Philippines. 0:00:38.562,0:00:41.271 So it's all over Southeast Asia. 0:00:41.295,0:00:43.276 CA: So plastic is thrown into the rivers, 0:00:43.300,0:00:45.909 and from there, of course,[br]it ends up in the ocean. 0:00:46.601,0:00:50.174 I mean, we obviously[br]see it on the beaches, 0:00:50.198,0:00:52.740 but that's not even your main concern. 0:00:52.764,0:00:56.231 It's what's actually happening to it[br]in the oceans. Talk about that. 0:00:56.255,0:00:58.756 AF: OK, so look. Thank you, Chris. 0:00:58.780,0:00:59.954 About four years ago, 0:00:59.978,0:01:03.297 I thought I'd do something[br]really barking crazy, 0:01:03.321,0:01:08.029 and I committed to do a PhD[br]in marine ecology. 0:01:08.053,0:01:11.270 And the scary part about that was, 0:01:11.294,0:01:13.211 sure, I learned a lot about marine life, 0:01:13.235,0:01:15.455 but it taught me more about marine death 0:01:15.479,0:01:21.639 and the extreme mass[br]ecological fatality of fish, 0:01:21.663,0:01:23.919 of marine life, marine mammals, 0:01:23.943,0:01:26.407 very close biology to us, 0:01:26.431,0:01:30.669 which are dying in the millions[br]if not trillions that we can't count 0:01:30.693,0:01:32.369 at the hands of plastic. 0:01:32.393,0:01:36.234 CA: But people think of plastic[br]as ugly but stable. Right? 0:01:36.259,0:01:39.698 You throw something in the ocean,[br]"Hey, it'll just sit there forever. 0:01:39.722,0:01:41.368 Can't do any damage, right?" 0:01:41.392,0:01:48.159 AF: See, Chris, it's an incredible[br]substance designed for the economy. 0:01:48.183,0:01:52.879 It is the worst substance possible[br]for the environment. 0:01:52.903,0:01:56.090 The worst thing about plastics,[br]as soon as it hits the environment, 0:01:56.114,0:01:58.898 is that it fragments. 0:01:58.922,0:02:01.365 It never stops being plastic. 0:02:01.389,0:02:04.084 It breaks down smaller[br]and smaller and smaller, 0:02:04.108,0:02:06.756 and the breaking science on this, Chris, 0:02:06.780,0:02:09.438 which we've known in marine ecology[br]for a few years now, 0:02:09.462,0:02:11.402 but it's going to hit humans. 0:02:11.426,0:02:15.493 Marine mammals, 99.9 percent[br]same biology as us. 0:02:15.517,0:02:18.688 We are aware now that nanoplastic, 0:02:18.712,0:02:23.314 the very, very small particles of plastic,[br]carrying their negative charge, 0:02:23.338,0:02:26.140 can go straight through[br]the pores of your skin. 0:02:26.989,0:02:28.164 That's not the bad news. 0:02:28.188,0:02:32.730 The bad news is that it goes[br]straight through the blood-brain barrier, 0:02:32.754,0:02:35.638 that protective coating which is there[br]to protect your brain. 0:02:35.662,0:02:39.669 Your brain's a little amorphous, wet mass[br]full of little electrical charges. 0:02:39.693,0:02:42.970 You put a negative particle into that, 0:02:42.994,0:02:46.523 particularly a negative particle[br]which can carry pathogens, 0:02:46.547,0:02:50.131 so you have a negative charge,[br]it attracts positive-charge elements, 0:02:50.155,0:02:52.579 like pathogens, toxins, 0:02:52.603,0:02:54.050 mercury, lead. 0:02:54.931,0:02:58.252 That's the breaking science[br]we're going to see in the next 12 months. 0:02:58.276,0:03:02.087 CA: So already I think you told me[br]that there's like 600 plastic bags or so 0:03:02.111,0:03:05.708 for every fish that size[br]in the ocean, something like that. 0:03:05.732,0:03:08.605 And they're breaking down, 0:03:08.629,0:03:10.668 and there's going to be ever more of them, 0:03:10.692,0:03:13.669 and we haven't even seen the start[br]of the consequences of that. 0:03:13.693,0:03:15.290 AF: No, we really haven't. 0:03:15.314,0:03:18.538 The Ellen MacArthur Foundation,[br]they're a bunch of good scientists, 0:03:18.562,0:03:20.610 we've been working with them for a while. 0:03:20.635,0:03:22.375 I've completely verified their work. 0:03:22.399,0:03:25.105 They say there will be[br]one ton of plastic, Chris, 0:03:25.129,0:03:27.649 for every three tons[br]of fish by, not 2050 -- 0:03:27.673,0:03:32.278 and I really get impatient with people[br]who talk about 2050 -- by 2025. 0:03:32.302,0:03:33.545 That's around the corner. 0:03:33.569,0:03:35.692 That's just the here and now. 0:03:35.716,0:03:38.975 You don't need one ton of plastic[br]to completely wipe out marine life. 0:03:38.999,0:03:42.061 Less than that is going[br]to do a fine job at it. 0:03:42.085,0:03:46.555 So we have to end it straightaway.[br]We've got no time. 0:03:46.579,0:03:50.948 CA: OK, so you have an idea for ending it,[br]and you're coming at this 0:03:50.972,0:03:53.663 not as a typical environmental[br]campaigner, I would say, 0:03:53.687,0:03:56.877 but as a businessmen,[br]as an entrepreneur, who has lived -- 0:03:56.901,0:04:00.390 you've spent your whole life thinking[br]about global economic systems 0:04:00.414,0:04:02.067 and how they work. 0:04:02.091,0:04:03.695 And if I understand it right, 0:04:03.719,0:04:10.241 your idea depends on heroes[br]who look something like this. 0:04:10.265,0:04:11.777 What's her profession? 0:04:11.801,0:04:15.010 AF: She, Chris, is a ragpicker, 0:04:15.034,0:04:18.752 and there were 15, 20 million[br]ragpickers like her, 0:04:18.776,0:04:23.032 until China stopped taking[br]everyone's waste. 0:04:23.056,0:04:27.271 And the price of plastic,[br]minuscule that it was, collapsed. 0:04:27.295,0:04:29.081 That led to people like her, 0:04:29.105,0:04:33.323 which, now -- she is a child[br]who is a schoolchild. 0:04:33.347,0:04:35.012 She should be at school. 0:04:35.036,0:04:37.302 That's probably very akin to slavery. 0:04:37.326,0:04:40.297 My daughter Grace and I have met[br]hundreds of people like her. 0:04:40.321,0:04:43.876 CA: And there are many adults as well,[br]literally millions around the world, 0:04:43.900,0:04:45.076 and in some industries, 0:04:45.100,0:04:47.665 they actually account[br]for the fact that, for example, 0:04:47.689,0:04:49.891 we don't see a lot[br]of metal waste in the world. 0:04:49.915,0:04:51.135 AF: That's exactly right. 0:04:51.159,0:04:54.289 That little girl is, in fact,[br]the hero of the environment. 0:04:54.313,0:04:57.920 She's in competition with[br]a great big petrochemical plant 0:04:57.944,0:04:59.294 which is just down the road, 0:04:59.318,0:05:01.999 the three-and-a-half-billion-dollar[br]petrochemical plant. 0:05:02.023,0:05:03.182 That's the problem. 0:05:03.206,0:05:07.651 We've got more oil and gas[br]in plastic and landfill 0:05:07.675,0:05:11.444 than we have in the entire oil and gas[br]resources of the United States. 0:05:11.468,0:05:13.491 So she is the hero. 0:05:13.515,0:05:16.481 And that's what that landfill looks like,[br]ladies and gentlemen, 0:05:16.505,0:05:18.923 and it's solid oil and gas. 0:05:18.947,0:05:22.619 CA: So there's huge value[br]potentially locked up in there 0:05:22.643,0:05:27.182 that the world's ragpickers would,[br]if they could, make a living from. 0:05:27.206,0:05:28.806 But why can't they? 0:05:29.647,0:05:32.909 AF: Because we have ingrained in us 0:05:32.933,0:05:37.269 a price of plastic from fossil fuels, 0:05:37.293,0:05:40.864 which sits just under what it takes 0:05:40.888,0:05:45.438 to economically and profitably[br]recycle plastic from plastic. 0:05:45.462,0:05:50.496 See, all plastic is[br]is building blocks from oil and gas. 0:05:50.520,0:05:54.405 Plastic's a hundred percent polymer,[br]which is a hundred percent oil and gas. 0:05:54.429,0:05:56.828 And you know we've got[br]enough plastic in the world 0:05:56.852,0:05:58.032 for all our needs. 0:05:58.056,0:06:00.576 And when we recycle plastic, 0:06:00.600,0:06:03.865 if we can't recycle it cheaper[br]than fossil fuel plastic, 0:06:03.889,0:06:07.224 then, of course, the world[br]just sticks to fossil fuel plastic. 0:06:07.248,0:06:09.228 CA: So if that's the fundamental problem, 0:06:09.252,0:06:13.362 the price of recycled plastic[br]is usually more 0:06:13.386,0:06:17.902 than the price of just buying[br]it made fresh from more oil. 0:06:17.926,0:06:19.473 That's the fundamental problem. 0:06:19.497,0:06:22.636 AF: A slight tweak[br]of the rules here, Chris. 0:06:22.660,0:06:24.428 I'm a commodity person. 0:06:24.452,0:06:31.451 I understand that we used to have[br]scrap metal and rubbish iron 0:06:31.475,0:06:34.486 and bits of copper lying[br]all round the villages, 0:06:34.510,0:06:36.339 particularly in the developing world. 0:06:36.363,0:06:38.259 And people worked out it's got a value. 0:06:38.283,0:06:41.438 It's actually an article of value, 0:06:41.462,0:06:42.882 not of waste. 0:06:42.906,0:06:46.084 Now the villages and the cities[br]and the streets are clean, 0:06:46.108,0:06:50.646 you don't trip over scrap copper[br]or scrap iron now, 0:06:50.670,0:06:54.025 because it's an article of value,[br]it gets recycled. 0:06:54.049,0:06:59.642 CA: So what's your idea, then,[br]to try to change that in plastics? 0:06:59.666,0:07:01.278 AF: OK, so Chris, 0:07:01.302,0:07:05.261 for most part of that PhD,[br]I've been doing research. 0:07:05.285,0:07:08.556 And the good thing about being[br]a businessperson who's done OK at it 0:07:08.580,0:07:10.441 is that people want to see you. 0:07:10.465,0:07:11.630 Other businesspeople, 0:07:11.654,0:07:15.757 even if you're kind of a bit of a zoo[br]animal species they'd like to check out, 0:07:15.781,0:07:18.267 they'll say, yeah, OK,[br]we'll all meet Twiggy Forrest. 0:07:18.291,0:07:20.160 And so once you're in there, 0:07:20.184,0:07:21.704 you can interrogate them. 0:07:21.728,0:07:27.697 And I've been to most of the oil and gas[br]and fast-moving consumer good companies 0:07:27.721,0:07:28.922 in the world, 0:07:28.946,0:07:32.026 and there is a real will to change. 0:07:32.050,0:07:33.855 I mean, there's a couple of dinosaurs 0:07:33.879,0:07:36.367 who are going to hope[br]for the best and do nothing, 0:07:36.391,0:07:38.341 but there's a real will to change. 0:07:38.365,0:07:40.154 So what I've been discussing is, 0:07:40.178,0:07:43.654 the seven and a half billion[br]people in the world 0:07:43.678,0:07:47.595 don't actually deserve to have[br]their environment smashed by plastic, 0:07:47.619,0:07:52.831 their oceans rendered depauperate[br]or barren of sea life because of plastic. 0:07:52.855,0:07:54.288 So you come down that chain, 0:07:54.312,0:07:58.455 and there's tens of thousands of brands[br]which we all buy heaps of products from, 0:07:58.479,0:08:01.954 but then there's only a hundred[br]major resin producers, 0:08:01.978,0:08:04.114 big petrochemical plants, 0:08:04.138,0:08:06.857 that spew out all the plastic[br]which is single use. 0:08:06.881,0:08:08.264 CA: So one hundred companies 0:08:08.288,0:08:10.789 are right at the base[br]of this food chain, as it were. 0:08:10.813,0:08:11.972 AF: Yeah. 0:08:11.996,0:08:14.941 CA: And so what do you need[br]those one hundred companies to do? 0:08:14.965,0:08:19.514 AF: OK, so we need them[br]to simply raise the value 0:08:19.538,0:08:22.402 of the building blocks of plastic[br]from oil and gas, 0:08:22.426,0:08:25.001 which I call "bad plastic," 0:08:25.025,0:08:26.327 raise the value of that, 0:08:26.351,0:08:30.180 so that when it spreads through the brands[br]and onto us, the customers, 0:08:30.204,0:08:34.661 we won't barely even notice[br]an increase in our coffee cup 0:08:34.685,0:08:37.668 or Coke or Pepsi, or anything. 0:08:37.692,0:08:39.456 CA: Like, what, like a cent extra? 0:08:39.480,0:08:41.478 AF: Less. Quarter of a cent, half a cent. 0:08:41.502,0:08:44.692 It'll be absolutely minimal. 0:08:44.716,0:08:45.969 But what it does, 0:08:45.993,0:08:50.685 it makes every bit of plastic[br]all over the world an article of value. 0:08:50.709,0:08:54.186 Where you have the waste worst, 0:08:54.210,0:08:56.094 say Southeast Asia, India, 0:08:56.118,0:08:58.199 that's where the wealth is most. 0:08:58.223,0:09:00.676 CA: OK, so it feels like[br]there's two parts to this. 0:09:00.700,0:09:04.698 One is, if they will charge more money 0:09:04.722,0:09:07.905 but carve out that excess 0:09:07.929,0:09:12.399 and pay it -- into what? --[br]a fund operated by someone 0:09:12.423,0:09:15.188 to tackle this problem of -- what? 0:09:15.212,0:09:18.803 What would that money be used for,[br]that they charge the extra for? 0:09:18.827,0:09:21.287 AF: So when I speak[br]to really big businesses, 0:09:21.311,0:09:24.857 I say, "Look, I need you to change,[br]and I need you to change really fast," 0:09:24.881,0:09:27.597 their eyes are going[br]to peel over in boredom, 0:09:27.621,0:09:29.960 unless I say, "And it's good business." 0:09:29.984,0:09:32.077 "OK, now you've got my attention, Andrew." 0:09:32.101,0:09:34.937 So I say, "Right, I need[br]you to make a contribution 0:09:34.961,0:09:37.497 to an environmental[br]and industry transition fund. 0:09:37.521,0:09:38.956 Over two or three years, 0:09:38.980,0:09:41.177 the entire global plastics industry 0:09:41.201,0:09:45.307 can transition from getting[br]its building blocks from fossil fuel 0:09:45.331,0:09:47.426 to getting its building[br]blocks from plastic. 0:09:47.450,0:09:48.911 The technology is out there. 0:09:48.935,0:09:50.205 It's proven." 0:09:50.229,0:09:53.706 I've taken two multibillion-dollar[br]operations from nothing, 0:09:53.730,0:09:56.549 recognizing that[br]the technology can be scaled. 0:09:56.573,0:10:01.067 I see at least a dozen technologies[br]in plastic to handle all types of plastic. 0:10:01.091,0:10:04.643 So once those technologies[br]have an economic margin, 0:10:04.667,0:10:06.589 which this gives them, 0:10:06.613,0:10:09.877 that's where the global public[br]will get all their plastic from, 0:10:09.901,0:10:11.775 from existing plastic. 0:10:11.799,0:10:15.940 CA: So every sale of virgin plastic[br]contributes money to a fund 0:10:15.964,0:10:18.798 that is used to basically[br]transition the industry 0:10:18.822,0:10:21.665 and start to pay for things[br]like cleanup and other pieces. 0:10:21.689,0:10:23.054 AF: Absolutely. Absolutely. 0:10:23.078,0:10:25.090 CA: And it has[br]the incredible side benefit, 0:10:25.114,0:10:26.895 which is maybe even the main benefit, 0:10:26.919,0:10:28.269 of creating a market. 0:10:28.293,0:10:31.425 It suddenly makes recyclable plastic 0:10:31.449,0:10:36.038 a giant business that can unlock[br]millions of people around the world 0:10:36.062,0:10:37.903 to find a new living collecting it. 0:10:37.927,0:10:39.080 AF: Yeah, exactly. 0:10:39.104,0:10:43.628 So all you do is, you've got fossil[br]fuel plastics at this value 0:10:43.652,0:10:45.709 and recycled plastic at this value. 0:10:45.733,0:10:47.046 You change it. 0:10:47.070,0:10:51.657 So recycled plastic is cheaper[br]than fossil fuel plastics. 0:10:51.681,0:10:53.615 The world goes to fossil fuel plastics. 0:10:53.639,0:10:56.806 What I love about this most, Chris,[br]is that, you know, 0:10:56.830,0:11:02.381 we waste into the environment[br]300, 350 million tons of plastic. 0:11:02.405,0:11:04.942 On the oil and gas companies own accounts, 0:11:04.966,0:11:06.982 it's going to grow to 500 million tons. 0:11:07.006,0:11:09.434 This is an accelerating problem. 0:11:09.458,0:11:13.208 But every ton of that is polymer. 0:11:13.232,0:11:16.736 Polymer is 1,000 dollars,[br]1,500 dollars a ton. 0:11:16.760,0:11:20.864 That's half a trillion dollars[br]which could go into business 0:11:20.888,0:11:24.427 and could create jobs and opportunities[br]and wealth right across the world, 0:11:24.451,0:11:26.450 particularly in the most impoverished. 0:11:26.474,0:11:27.731 Yet we throw it away. 0:11:27.755,0:11:31.135 CA: So this would allow the big companies[br]to invest in recycling plants 0:11:31.159,0:11:32.668 literally all over the world -- 0:11:32.692,0:11:33.844 AF: All over the world. 0:11:33.868,0:11:35.916 Because the technology[br]is low-capital cost, 0:11:35.940,0:11:38.977 you can put it in at rubbish dumps,[br]at the bottom of big hotels, 0:11:39.001,0:11:40.303 garbage depots, everywhere, 0:11:40.327,0:11:41.621 turn that waste into resin. 0:11:41.645,0:11:43.243 CA: Now, you're a philanthropist, 0:11:43.267,0:11:46.056 and you're ready to commit[br]some of your own wealth to this. 0:11:46.080,0:11:48.378 What is the role of philanthropy[br]in this project? 0:11:48.402,0:11:52.236 AF: I think what we have to do[br]is kick in the 40 to 50 million US dollars 0:11:52.260,0:11:53.660 to get it going, 0:11:53.684,0:11:56.153 and then we have to create[br]absolute transparency 0:11:56.177,0:11:59.407 so everyone can see[br]exactly what's going on. 0:11:59.431,0:12:02.691 From the resin producer[br]to the brands to the consumers, 0:12:02.715,0:12:05.239 everyone gets to see[br]who is playing the game, 0:12:05.263,0:12:07.921 who is protecting the Earth,[br]and who doesn't care. 0:12:07.945,0:12:10.276 And that'll cost about[br]a million dollars a week, 0:12:10.300,0:12:12.686 and we're going to underwrite[br]that for five years. 0:12:12.710,0:12:15.540 Total contribution is circa[br]300 million US dollars. 0:12:15.564,0:12:16.891 CA: Wow. 0:12:16.915,0:12:18.168 Now -- 0:12:18.192,0:12:23.074 (Applause) 0:12:23.098,0:12:26.529 You've talked to other companies,[br]like to the Coca-Colas of this world, 0:12:26.553,0:12:29.691 who are willing to do this,[br]they're willing to pay a higher price, 0:12:29.715,0:12:31.542 they would like to pay a higher price, 0:12:31.566,0:12:32.721 so long as it's fair. 0:12:32.745,0:12:35.129 AF: Yeah, it's fair. 0:12:35.153,0:12:38.308 So, Coca-Cola wouldn't[br]like Pepsi to play ball 0:12:38.332,0:12:41.129 unless the whole world knew[br]that Pepsi wasn't playing ball. 0:12:41.153,0:12:42.327 Then they don't care. 0:12:42.351,0:12:45.245 So it's that transparency of the market 0:12:45.269,0:12:47.603 where, if people try and cheat the system, 0:12:47.627,0:12:49.988 the market can see it,[br]the consumers can see it. 0:12:50.012,0:12:52.138 The consumers want a role to play in this. 0:12:52.162,0:12:53.689 Seven and a half billion of us. 0:12:53.713,0:12:56.323 We don't want our world smashed[br]by a hundred companies. 0:12:56.347,0:12:59.155 CA: Well, so tell us, you've said[br]what the companies can do 0:12:59.179,0:13:00.646 and what you're willing to do. 0:13:00.670,0:13:02.063 What can people listening do? 0:13:02.087,0:13:04.384 AF: OK, so I would like all of us, 0:13:04.408,0:13:05.607 all around the world, 0:13:05.631,0:13:08.715 to go a website called noplasticwaste.org. 0:13:08.739,0:13:10.865 You contact your hundred resin producers 0:13:10.889,0:13:12.329 which are in your region. 0:13:12.353,0:13:14.026 You will have at least one 0:13:14.050,0:13:18.484 within an email or Twitter[br]or a telephone contact from you, 0:13:18.508,0:13:23.943 and let them know that you would like them[br]to make a contribution to a fund 0:13:23.967,0:13:26.594 which industry can manage[br]or the World Bank can manage. 0:13:26.618,0:13:30.312 It raises tens of billions[br]of dollars per year 0:13:30.336,0:13:35.018 so you can transition the industry[br]to getting all its plastic from plastic, 0:13:35.042,0:13:36.214 not from fossil fuel. 0:13:36.238,0:13:38.485 We don't need that.[br]That's bad. This is good. 0:13:38.509,0:13:40.521 And it can clean up the environment. 0:13:40.545,0:13:42.098 We've got enough capital there, 0:13:42.122,0:13:45.079 we've got tens of billions[br]of dollars, Chris, per annum 0:13:45.103,0:13:46.535 to clean up the environment. 0:13:46.559,0:13:48.334 CA: You're in the recycling business. 0:13:48.358,0:13:50.364 Isn't this a conflict of interest for you, 0:13:50.388,0:13:52.597 or rather, a huge business[br]opportunity for you? 0:13:52.622,0:13:54.753 AF: Yeah, look, I'm in[br]the iron ore business, 0:13:54.778,0:13:56.987 and I compete against[br]the scrap metal business, 0:13:57.011,0:14:00.446 and that's why you don't have[br]any scrap lying around to trip over, 0:14:00.470,0:14:01.919 and cut your toe on, 0:14:01.943,0:14:03.219 because it gets collected. 0:14:03.243,0:14:06.537 CA: This isn't your excuse[br]to go into the plastic recycling business. 0:14:06.561,0:14:08.882 AF: No, I am going to cheer for this boom. 0:14:08.906,0:14:11.017 This will be the internet[br]of plastic waste. 0:14:11.041,0:14:14.380 This will be a boom industry[br]which will spread all over the world, 0:14:14.404,0:14:18.463 and particularly where poverty is worst[br]because that's where the rubbish is most, 0:14:18.487,0:14:19.803 and that's the resource. 0:14:19.827,0:14:23.034 So I'm going to cheer for it[br]and stand back. 0:14:23.058,0:14:24.403 CA: Twiggy, we're in an era 0:14:24.427,0:14:29.092 where so many people around the world[br]are craving a new, regenerative economy, 0:14:29.116,0:14:31.745 these big supply chains,[br]these big industries, 0:14:31.769,0:14:33.810 to fundamentally transform. 0:14:33.834,0:14:35.566 It strikes me as a giant idea, 0:14:35.590,0:14:38.650 and you're going to need a lot of people[br]cheering you on your way 0:14:38.674,0:14:39.840 to make it happen. 0:14:39.864,0:14:41.539 Thank you for sharing this with us. 0:14:41.563,0:14:43.587 AF: Thank you very much. Thank you, Chris. 0:14:43.611,0:14:45.103 (Applause)