[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,0:00:00.77,0:00:04.24,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Chris Anderson: So you've been\Nobsessed with this problem
Dialogue: 0,0:00:04.24,0:00:06.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for the last few years.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:06.18,0:00:08.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the problem, in your own words?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:08.12,0:00:09.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Andrew Forrest: Plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:09.90,0:00:11.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Simple as that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:11.51,0:00:18.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our inability to use it for the tremendous\Nenergetic commodity that it is
Dialogue: 0,0:00:18.56,0:00:20.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and just throw it away.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:20.95,0:00:25.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And so we see waste everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:25.07,0:00:26.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At its extreme, it looks a bit like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:26.99,0:00:29.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, where was this picture taken?
Dialogue: 0,0:00:29.14,0:00:30.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: That's in the Philippines,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:30.88,0:00:32.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you know there's a lot of rivers,\Nladies and gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:32.28,0:00:33.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which look exactly like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:33.62,0:00:37.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,There's 169 in Sri Lanka alone,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:37.12,0:00:39.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's the Philippines,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:39.42,0:00:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so it's all over Southeast Asia.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:41.42,0:00:43.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So plastic is thrown into the rivers,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:43.30,0:00:45.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and from there of course\Nit ends up in the ocean.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:45.73,0:00:50.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, we obviously\Nsee it on the beaches,
Dialogue: 0,0:00:50.31,0:00:52.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but that's not even your main concern.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:52.98,0:00:55.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's what's actually happening to it\Nin the oceans. Talk about that.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:55.49,0:00:58.86,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: OK, so look, thank you Chris.
Dialogue: 0,0:00:58.86,0:01:00.34,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,About four years ago,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:00.34,0:01:03.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I thought I'd do something\Nreally barking crazy,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:03.59,0:01:08.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I committed to a PhD\Nin marine ecology,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:08.39,0:01:11.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the scary part about that was,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:11.54,0:01:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,sure I learned a lot about marine life\Nbut it taught me more about marine death
Dialogue: 0,0:01:15.19,0:01:23.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the extreme mass ecological fatality\Nof fish, of marine life, marine mammals,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:23.94,0:01:26.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,very close biology to us,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:26.36,0:01:31.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are dying in the millions\Nif not trillions that we can't count
Dialogue: 0,0:01:31.05,0:01:32.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,at the hands of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:32.84,0:01:35.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: But people think of plastic\Nas ugly but stable.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:35.97,0:01:39.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Right? You throw something in the ocean,\Nhey it'll just sit there forever,
Dialogue: 0,0:01:39.72,0:01:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can't do any damage, right?
Dialogue: 0,0:01:41.61,0:01:47.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: See, Chris, it's an incredible\Nsubstance designed for the economy.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:47.94,0:01:52.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It is the worst substance possible\Nfor the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:52.90,0:01:56.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The worst thing about plastics\Nas soon as it hits the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:01:56.29,0:01:58.63,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that it fragments.
Dialogue: 0,0:01:58.63,0:02:02.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It never stops being plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:02.05,0:02:03.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It breaks down smaller\Nand smaller and smaller,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:03.79,0:02:07.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the breaking science on this, Chris,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:07.40,0:02:10.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which we've known in marine ecology\Nfor a few years now,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:10.07,0:02:11.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's going to hit humans.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:11.57,0:02:15.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Marine mammals, 99.9 percent\Nsame biology as us.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:15.19,0:02:18.91,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We are aware now that nanoplastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:18.91,0:02:21.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the very, very small particles of plastic
Dialogue: 0,0:02:21.72,0:02:25.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,carrying their negative charge can go\Nstraight through the pores of your skin.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:25.84,0:02:29.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's not the bad news.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:29.85,0:02:33.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The bad news is that it goes\Nstraight through the blood-brain barrier,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:33.02,0:02:35.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that protective coating which is there\Nto protect your brain.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:35.27,0:02:38.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Your brain's a little amorphous wet mass
Dialogue: 0,0:02:38.33,0:02:39.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,full of little electrical charges.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:39.80,0:02:42.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You put a negative particle into that,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:42.99,0:02:47.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly a negative particle\Nwhich can carry pathogens,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:47.05,0:02:50.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you have a negative charge,\Nit attracts positive charge elements
Dialogue: 0,0:02:50.55,0:02:52.79,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like pathogens, toxins,
Dialogue: 0,0:02:52.79,0:02:54.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mercury, lead.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:54.82,0:02:58.12,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the breaking science\Nwe're going to see in the next 12 months.
Dialogue: 0,0:02:58.12,0:03:02.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So already I think you told me\Nthat there's like 600 plastic bags or so
Dialogue: 0,0:03:02.23,0:03:04.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for every fish that size\Nin the ocean, something like that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:04.92,0:03:06.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:06.48,0:03:08.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And they're breaking down
Dialogue: 0,0:03:08.47,0:03:10.93,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's going to be ever more of them
Dialogue: 0,0:03:10.93,0:03:13.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we haven't even seen the start\Nof the consequences of that.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:13.35,0:03:16.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: No, we really haven't.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:16.06,0:03:17.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The ?? Foundation,\Nthey're a bunch of good scientists,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:17.69,0:03:22.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've been working with them for a while,\NI've completely verified their work,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:22.16,0:03:25.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they say there will be\None ton of plastic, Chris,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:25.53,0:03:27.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for every three tons of fish, by not 2050,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:27.67,0:03:32.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I really get impatient with people\Nwho talk about 2050, by 2025.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:32.44,0:03:34.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's around the corner.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:34.44,0:03:36.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's just the here and now.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:36.10,0:03:39.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You don't need one ton of plastic\Nto completely wipe out marine life.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:39.31,0:03:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Less than that is going\Nto do a fine job at it.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:41.42,0:03:46.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we have to end it straightaway.\NWe've got no time.
Dialogue: 0,0:03:46.58,0:03:49.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: OK, so you have an idea for ending it,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:49.32,0:03:51.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're coming at this
Dialogue: 0,0:03:51.21,0:03:53.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not as a typical environmental\Ncampaigner, I would say,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:53.94,0:03:56.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but as a businessmen,\Nas an entrepreneur,
Dialogue: 0,0:03:56.23,0:03:59.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who has lived, you've spent\Nyour whole life thinking
Dialogue: 0,0:03:59.95,0:04:02.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,about global economic systems\Nand how they work,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:02.33,0:04:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and if I understand it right,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:06.07,0:04:09.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,your idea depends on heroes\Nwho look something like this.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:10.46,0:04:12.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What's her profession?
Dialogue: 0,0:04:12.25,0:04:15.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: She, Chris, is a ragpicker,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:15.31,0:04:19.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there were 15, 20 million\Nrag pickers like her
Dialogue: 0,0:04:19.64,0:04:23.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,until China stopped taking\Neveryone's waste
Dialogue: 0,0:04:23.32,0:04:27.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the price of plastic,\Nminuscule that it was, collapsed.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:27.39,0:04:30.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That led to people like her,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:30.39,0:04:32.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which now she is a child
Dialogue: 0,0:04:32.39,0:04:33.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is a schoolchild.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:33.84,0:04:35.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She should be at school.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:35.31,0:04:37.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's probably very akin to slavery.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:37.58,0:04:40.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,My daughter Grace and I have met\Nhundreds of people like her.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:40.54,0:04:43.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And there are many adults as well,\Nliterally millions around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:43.50,0:04:44.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and in some industries,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:44.80,0:04:48.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they actually account for the fact\Nthat for example we don't see
Dialogue: 0,0:04:48.22,0:04:49.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a lot of metal waste in the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:49.78,0:04:50.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: That's exactly right.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:50.94,0:04:54.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That little girl is in fact\Nthe hero of the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:04:54.44,0:04:58.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,She's in competition with\Na great big petrochemical plant
Dialogue: 0,0:04:58.01,0:04:59.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is just down the road,
Dialogue: 0,0:04:59.35,0:05:01.33,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the three and a half billion dollar\Npetrochemical plant.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:01.33,0:05:03.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:03.75,0:05:07.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got more oil and gas\Nin plastic and landfill
Dialogue: 0,0:05:07.80,0:05:11.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,than we have in the entire oil and gas\Nresources of the United States.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:11.64,0:05:13.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So she is the hero,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:13.81,0:05:16.22,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's what that landfill looks like,\Nladies and gentlemen,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:16.22,0:05:19.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and it's solid oil and gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:19.09,0:05:22.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So there's huge value\Npotentially locked up in there
Dialogue: 0,0:05:22.02,0:05:27.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that the world's ragpickers\Nwould if they could make a living from,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:27.44,0:05:28.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but why can't they?
Dialogue: 0,0:05:28.83,0:05:33.18,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Because we have ingrained in us
Dialogue: 0,0:05:33.18,0:05:36.26,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a price of plastic from fossil fuels
Dialogue: 0,0:05:36.26,0:05:40.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which sits just under what it takes
Dialogue: 0,0:05:40.95,0:05:45.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to economically and profitably\Nrecycle plastic from plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:45.62,0:05:50.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All plastic is is building blocks\Nfrom oil and gas.
Dialogue: 0,0:05:50.80,0:05:54.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Plastic's a hundred percent polymer\Nwhich is a hundred percent oil and gas,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:54.77,0:05:57.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you know we've got\Nenough plastic in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:05:57.30,0:05:58.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for all our needs,
Dialogue: 0,0:05:58.44,0:06:00.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when we recycle plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:00.60,0:06:04.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,if we can't recycle it cheaper\Nthan fossil fuel plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:04.04,0:06:06.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,then of course the world\Njust sticks to fossil fuel plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:06.96,0:06:11.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So if that's the fundamental problem,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:11.19,0:06:12.90,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the price of recycled plastic
Dialogue: 0,0:06:12.90,0:06:18.20,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is usually more than the price of\Njust buying it made fresh from more oil.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:18.20,0:06:19.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the fundamental problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:19.82,0:06:22.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: A slight tweak\Nof the rules here, Chris.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:22.92,0:06:24.71,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm a commodity person.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:24.71,0:06:31.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I understand that we used to have\Nscrap metal and rubbish iron
Dialogue: 0,0:06:31.59,0:06:35.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and bits of copper lying\Nall round the villages,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:35.40,0:06:37.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly in the developing world.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:37.03,0:06:39.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And people worked out it's got a value.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:39.32,0:06:41.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's actually an article of value,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:41.52,0:06:43.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not of waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:43.08,0:06:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, the villages and the cities\Nand the streets are clean,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:46.64,0:06:50.89,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you don't trip over scrap copper\Nor scrap iron now,
Dialogue: 0,0:06:50.89,0:06:54.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,because it's an article of value.\NIt gets recycled.
Dialogue: 0,0:06:54.05,0:06:59.05,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So what's your idea, then,\Nto try to change that in plastics?
Dialogue: 0,0:06:59.05,0:07:01.39,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: OK, so Chris,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:01.39,0:07:05.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,for most part of that PhD\NI've been doing research,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:05.56,0:07:08.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and the good thing about being\Na businessperson who's done OK at it
Dialogue: 0,0:07:08.76,0:07:10.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that people want to see you.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:10.87,0:07:12.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Other businesspeople,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:12.19,0:07:13.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,even if you're kind of
Dialogue: 0,0:07:13.36,0:07:15.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a bit of a zoo animal species\Nthey'd like to check out,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:15.69,0:07:18.08,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they'll, OK, I'll meet Twiggy Forrest.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:18.08,0:07:20.36,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And so once you're in there,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:20.36,0:07:21.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can interrogate them,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:21.92,0:07:26.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I've been to most of oil and gas
Dialogue: 0,0:07:26.01,0:07:28.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and fast-moving consumer good\Ncompanies in the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:28.95,0:07:32.35,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there is a real will to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:32.35,0:07:33.97,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I mean, there's a couple of dinosaurs
Dialogue: 0,0:07:33.97,0:07:37.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are going to hope\Nfor the best and do nothing,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:37.07,0:07:39.03,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but there's a real will to change.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:39.03,0:07:40.88,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So what I've been discussing is
Dialogue: 0,0:07:40.88,0:07:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the seven and a half billion\Npeople in the world
Dialogue: 0,0:07:43.92,0:07:48.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,don't actually deserve to have\Ntheir environment smashed by plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:48.59,0:07:51.75,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their oceans rendered depopulated\Nor barren of sea life because of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:07:51.75,0:07:54.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So you count down on that chain,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:54.31,0:07:58.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and there's tens of thousands of brands\Nwhich we all buy heaps of products from,
Dialogue: 0,0:07:58.23,0:08:02.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but then there's only a hundred\Nmajor resin producers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:02.31,0:08:04.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,big petrochemical plants
Dialogue: 0,0:08:04.07,0:08:07.11,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that spew out all the plastic\Nwhich is single use.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:07.11,0:08:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So one hundred companies
Dialogue: 0,0:08:08.87,0:08:10.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are right at the base\Nof this food chain, as it were.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:10.77,0:08:11.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Yeah.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:11.82,0:08:14.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And so what do you need\Nthose one hundred companies to do?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:14.77,0:08:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: OK, so we need them
Dialogue: 0,0:08:16.76,0:08:19.46,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to simply raise the value
Dialogue: 0,0:08:19.46,0:08:22.57,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of the building blocks of plastic\Nfrom oil and gas,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:22.57,0:08:24.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which I call bad plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:24.77,0:08:26.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,raise the value of that
Dialogue: 0,0:08:26.50,0:08:30.67,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so that when it spreads through the brands\Nand onto us, the customers,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:30.67,0:08:32.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we won't barely even notice\Nan increase in our coffee cup
Dialogue: 0,0:08:32.99,0:08:38.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or Coke or Pepsi, or anything.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:38.29,0:08:39.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Like, what, like a cent extra?
Dialogue: 0,0:08:39.78,0:08:41.83,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Less. Quarter of a cent, half a cent.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:41.83,0:08:44.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It'll be absolutely minimal,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:44.72,0:08:46.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but what it does,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:46.14,0:08:50.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it makes every bit of plastic\Nall over the world an article of value.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:50.92,0:08:54.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Where you have the waste worst,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:54.92,0:08:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,say Southeast Asia, India,
Dialogue: 0,0:08:56.44,0:08:58.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's where the wealth is most.
Dialogue: 0,0:08:58.54,0:09:00.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: OK, so it feels like\Nthere's two parts to this.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:00.99,0:09:04.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,One is, if they will charge more money
Dialogue: 0,0:09:04.78,0:09:08.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but carve out that excess
Dialogue: 0,0:09:08.98,0:09:12.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and pay it into what, a fund\Noperated by someone
Dialogue: 0,0:09:12.56,0:09:15.27,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to tackle this problem of, what?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:15.27,0:09:17.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What would that money be use for,\Nthat they charge the extra for?
Dialogue: 0,0:09:17.65,0:09:22.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: So when I speak\Nto really big businesses,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:22.43,0:09:24.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I say, "Look, I need you to change\Nand I need you to change really fast,"
Dialogue: 0,0:09:24.94,0:09:27.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,their eyes are going\Nto peel over in boredom
Dialogue: 0,0:09:27.70,0:09:30.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless I say, "And it's good business."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:30.19,0:09:32.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,"OK, now you've got my attention, Andrew."
Dialogue: 0,0:09:32.23,0:09:36.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So I say, "Right, I need you to make\Na contribution to an environmental
Dialogue: 0,0:09:36.01,0:09:38.32,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and industry transition fund.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:38.32,0:09:39.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Over two or three years,
Dialogue: 0,0:09:39.69,0:09:41.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the entire global plastics industry
Dialogue: 0,0:09:41.42,0:09:45.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,can transition from getting\Nits building blocks from fossil fuel
Dialogue: 0,0:09:45.54,0:09:47.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to getting its building blocks\Nfrom plastic. The technology is out there.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:47.78,0:09:50.48,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's proven.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:50.48,0:09:53.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I've taken two multi-billion dollar\Noperations from nothing
Dialogue: 0,0:09:53.77,0:09:56.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,recognizing that\Nthe technology can be scaled.
Dialogue: 0,0:09:56.76,0:10:01.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I see at least a dozen technologies\Nin plastic to handle all types of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:01.19,0:10:04.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So once those technologies\Nhave an economic margin,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:04.77,0:10:06.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which this gives them,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:06.61,0:10:10.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that's where the global public\Nwill get all their plastic from,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:10.51,0:10:11.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from existing plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:11.80,0:10:14.49,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So every sale of virgin plastic
Dialogue: 0,0:10:14.49,0:10:16.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,contributes money to a fund
Dialogue: 0,0:10:16.51,0:10:19.54,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that is used to basically\Ntransition the industry
Dialogue: 0,0:10:19.54,0:10:21.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and start to pay for things\Nlike cleanup and other pieces.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:21.70,0:10:23.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Absolutely. Absolutely.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:23.02,0:10:26.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: And it has the incredible side benefit\Nwhich is maybe even the main benefit
Dialogue: 0,0:10:26.68,0:10:28.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,of creating a market.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:28.42,0:10:31.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It suddenly makes recyclable plastic
Dialogue: 0,0:10:31.69,0:10:36.43,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a giant business that can unlock\Nmillions of people around the world
Dialogue: 0,0:10:36.43,0:10:38.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to find a new living collecting it.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:38.85,0:10:40.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Yeah, exactly.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:40.14,0:10:41.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So all you do
Dialogue: 0,0:10:41.61,0:10:43.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is you've got fossil fuel\Nplastics at this value
Dialogue: 0,0:10:43.92,0:10:45.80,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and recycled plastic at this level.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:45.80,0:10:47.25,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You change it
Dialogue: 0,0:10:47.25,0:10:51.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so recycled plastic is cheaper\Nthan fossil fuel plastics.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:51.87,0:10:53.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The world goes to fossil fuel plastics.
Dialogue: 0,0:10:53.62,0:10:55.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What I love about this most, Chris,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:55.44,0:10:57.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is that, you know,
Dialogue: 0,0:10:57.29,0:11:00.10,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we waste into the environment
Dialogue: 0,0:11:00.10,0:11:02.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,300, 350 million tons of plastic.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:02.65,0:11:05.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the oil and gas\Nindustry's own accounts,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:05.04,0:11:07.29,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it's going to grow to 500 million tons.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:07.29,0:11:09.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is an accelerating problem.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:09.56,0:11:13.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But every ton of that is polymer.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:13.47,0:11:16.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Polymer is a thousand dollars,\N1,500 dollars a ton.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:16.76,0:11:19.31,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's half a trillion dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:11:19.31,0:11:21.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which could go into business
Dialogue: 0,0:11:21.09,0:11:23.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and could great jobs and opportunities
Dialogue: 0,0:11:23.37,0:11:25.02,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and wealth right across the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:25.02,0:11:26.81,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,particularly in the most impoverished,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:26.81,0:11:28.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,yet we throw it away.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:28.07,0:11:30.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: So this would allow the big companies\Nto invest in recycling plants
Dialogue: 0,0:11:30.60,0:11:32.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,literally all over the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:32.42,0:11:33.94,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where the plastic is over the world.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:33.94,0:11:37.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Because the technology\Nis low capital cost,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:37.09,0:11:38.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,you can put it in at rubbish dumps,\Nat the bottom of big hotels,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:38.87,0:11:40.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,garbage depots, everywhere,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:40.07,0:11:41.58,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,turn that waste into resin.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:41.58,0:11:43.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Now, you're a philanthropist
Dialogue: 0,0:11:43.64,0:11:45.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're ready to commit\Nsome of your own wealth to this.
Dialogue: 0,0:11:45.21,0:11:47.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What is the role of philanthropy\Nin this project?
Dialogue: 0,0:11:47.09,0:11:49.59,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: I think what we have to do
Dialogue: 0,0:11:49.59,0:11:52.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is kick in the 40 to 50 million US dollars
Dialogue: 0,0:11:52.42,0:11:53.98,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to get it going
Dialogue: 0,0:11:53.98,0:11:56.44,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we have to create\Nabsolute transparency
Dialogue: 0,0:11:56.44,0:11:59.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so everyone can see\Nexactly what's going on,
Dialogue: 0,0:11:59.65,0:12:02.76,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,from the resin producer\Nto the brands to the consumers,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:02.76,0:12:06.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,everyone gets to see\Nwho is playing the game,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:06.04,0:12:08.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who is protecting the Earth,\Nand who doesn't care,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:08.69,0:12:10.30,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that'll cost about\Na million dollars a week,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:10.30,0:12:13.04,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and we're going to underwrite\Nthat for five years.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:13.04,0:12:15.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Total contribution is circa\N300 million US dollars.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:15.64,0:12:17.41,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Wow.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:17.41,0:12:18.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now --
Dialogue: 0,0:12:19.02,0:12:21.56,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)
Dialogue: 0,0:12:23.28,0:12:26.23,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You've talked about the companies,\Nlike to the Coca-Colas of this world,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:26.23,0:12:29.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who are willing to do this,\Nthey're willing to pay a higher price,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:29.72,0:12:31.21,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,they would like to pay a higher price
Dialogue: 0,0:12:31.21,0:12:32.74,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so long as it's fair.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:32.74,0:12:34.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Yeah, it's fair.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:34.96,0:12:38.72,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So Coca-Cola wouldn't\Nlike Pepsi to play ball
Dialogue: 0,0:12:38.72,0:12:41.50,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,unless the whole world knew\Nthat Pepsi wasn't playing ball.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:41.50,0:12:42.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then they don't care.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:42.68,0:12:45.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So it's that transparency of the market
Dialogue: 0,0:12:45.16,0:12:48.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where if people try and cheat the system,
Dialogue: 0,0:12:48.16,0:12:50.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the market can see it,\Nthe consumers can see it.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:50.95,0:12:52.55,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The consumers want a role to play in this.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:52.55,0:12:53.69,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Seven and a half billion of us.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:53.69,0:12:55.95,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't want our world smashed\Nby a hundred companies.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:55.95,0:12:58.65,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Well, so tell us, you've said\Nwhat the companies can do
Dialogue: 0,0:12:58.65,0:12:59.77,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and what you're willing to do.
Dialogue: 0,0:12:59.77,0:13:02.09,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What can people listening do?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:02.09,0:13:04.66,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: OK, so I would like all of us,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:04.66,0:13:05.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,all around the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:05.70,0:13:08.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to go a website called noplasticwaste.org.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:08.87,0:13:11.42,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You contact your hundred resin producers
Dialogue: 0,0:13:11.42,0:13:12.68,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which are in your region.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:12.68,0:13:14.82,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,You will have at least one
Dialogue: 0,0:13:14.82,0:13:18.70,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,within an email or a twitter\Nor a telephone contact from you,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:18.70,0:13:20.60,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let them know that you would like them\Nto make a contribution to a fund
Dialogue: 0,0:13:20.60,0:13:26.62,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which industry can manage\Nor the World Bank can manage.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:26.62,0:13:30.52,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It raises tens of billions\Nof dollars per year
Dialogue: 0,0:13:30.52,0:13:33.53,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so you can transition the industry\Nto getting all its plastic from plastic,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:33.53,0:13:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,not from fossil fuel.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:35.87,0:13:38.51,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't need that.\NThat's bad. This is good.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:38.51,0:13:40.78,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And it can clean up the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:40.78,0:13:42.40,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We've got enough capital there,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:42.40,0:13:45.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we've got tens of billions\Nof dollars, Chris, per annum
Dialogue: 0,0:13:45.28,0:13:46.64,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to clean up the environment.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:46.64,0:13:48.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: You're in the recycling business.
Dialogue: 0,0:13:48.17,0:13:49.73,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Isn't this a conflict of interest for you,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:49.73,0:13:52.06,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or rather a huge business\Nopportunity for you?
Dialogue: 0,0:13:52.06,0:13:54.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Yeah, look, I'm in\Nthe iron ore business,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:54.37,0:13:57.01,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and I compete against\Nthe scrap metal business,
Dialogue: 0,0:13:57.01,0:14:00.47,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's why you don't have any scrap\Nlying around the trip over,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:00.47,0:14:02.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and cut your toe on,\Nbecause it gets collected.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:02.96,0:14:06.07,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: This isn't your excuse\Nto go into the plastic recycling business.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:06.07,0:14:08.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: No, I am going to cheer for this boom.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:08.96,0:14:11.28,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will be the internet\Nof plastic waste.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:11.28,0:14:14.19,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This will be a boom industry\Nwhich will spread all over the world,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:14.19,0:14:18.61,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and particularly where poverty is worst\Nbecause that's where the rubbish is most,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:18.61,0:14:19.96,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and that's the resource,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:19.96,0:14:23.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so I'm going to cheer for it\Nand stand back.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:23.15,0:14:24.85,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,CA: Twiggy, we're in an era
Dialogue: 0,0:14:24.85,0:14:29.37,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,where so many people around the world\Nare craving a new, regenerative economy,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:29.37,0:14:31.92,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these big supply chains,\Nthese big industries
Dialogue: 0,0:14:31.92,0:14:34.14,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to fundamentally transform.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:34.14,0:14:35.87,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It strikes me as a giant idea,
Dialogue: 0,0:14:35.87,0:14:37.16,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and you're going to need a lot of people
Dialogue: 0,0:14:37.16,0:14:39.84,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,cheering you on your way\Nto make it happen. Thank you --
Dialogue: 0,0:14:39.84,0:14:42.15,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,AF: Thank you Chris. Thank you so much.
Dialogue: 0,0:14:42.15,0:14:45.17,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)