How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas
-
0:01 - 0:05My son and the iPhone
were born three weeks apart -
0:05 - 0:07in June 2007.
-
0:08 - 0:11So while those early adopters
were lined up outside, -
0:11 - 0:14waiting to get their hands
on this amazing new gadget, -
0:14 - 0:18I was stuck at home
with my hands full of something else -
0:18 - 0:20that was sending out
constant notifications -- -
0:20 - 0:22(Laughter)
-
0:22 - 0:25a miserable, colicky baby
-
0:25 - 0:30who would only sleep in a moving stroller
with complete silence. -
0:30 - 0:33I literally was walking
10 to 15 miles a day, -
0:33 - 0:35and the baby weight came off.
-
0:35 - 0:37That part was great.
-
0:37 - 0:39But man, was I bored.
-
0:39 - 0:42Before motherhood, I had been a journalist
-
0:42 - 0:44who rushed off when the Concorde crashed.
-
0:44 - 0:47I was one of the first
people into Belgrade -
0:47 - 0:49when there was a revolution in Serbia.
-
0:49 - 0:52Now, I was exhausted.
-
0:52 - 0:55This walking went on for weeks.
-
0:55 - 1:01It was only until about three months in
that something shifted, though. -
1:01 - 1:03As I pounded the pavement,
-
1:03 - 1:06my mind started to wander, too.
-
1:06 - 1:10I began imagining what I would do
when I finally did sleep again. -
1:10 - 1:12So the colic did fade,
-
1:12 - 1:15and I finally got an iPhone
-
1:15 - 1:18and I put all those hours
of wandering into action. -
1:18 - 1:22I created my dream job
hosting a public radio show. -
1:22 - 1:24So there was no more
rushing off to war zones, -
1:24 - 1:26but thanks to my new smartphone,
-
1:26 - 1:28I could be a mother and a journalist.
-
1:28 - 1:33I could be on the playground
and on Twitter at the same time. -
1:34 - 1:35Yeah, well, when I thought that,
-
1:35 - 1:38when the technology came in and took over,
-
1:38 - 1:40that is when I hit a wall.
-
1:40 - 1:43So, I want you to picture this:
-
1:43 - 1:45you host a podcast, and you have to prove
-
1:45 - 1:48that the investment
of precious public radio dollars in you -
1:48 - 1:49is worth it.
-
1:50 - 1:54My goal was to increase
my audience size tenfold. -
1:54 - 1:56So one day, I sat down to brainstorm,
-
1:56 - 1:58as you do,
-
1:58 - 2:00and I came up barren.
-
2:00 - 2:02This was different
than writer's block, right? -
2:02 - 2:05It wasn't like there was something there
waiting to be unearthed. -
2:05 - 2:06There was just nothing.
-
2:06 - 2:08And so I started to think back:
-
2:08 - 2:11When was the last time
I actually had a good idea? -
2:11 - 2:13Yeah, it was when I was pushing
that damn stroller. -
2:14 - 2:17Now all the cracks in my day
were filled with phone time. -
2:17 - 2:21I checked the headlines
while I waited for my latte. -
2:21 - 2:25I updated my calendar
while I was sitting on the couch. -
2:25 - 2:28Texting turned every spare moment
-
2:28 - 2:31into a chance to show to my coworkers
and my dear husband -
2:31 - 2:33what a responsive person I was,
-
2:34 - 2:36or at least it was a chance to find
another perfect couch -
2:36 - 2:38for my page on Pinterest.
-
2:39 - 2:42I realized that I was never bored.
-
2:42 - 2:45And anyway, don't only
boring people get bored? -
2:45 - 2:47But then I started to wonder:
-
2:47 - 2:49What actually happens to us
when we get bored? -
2:49 - 2:53Or, more importantly: What happens to us
if we never get bored? -
2:53 - 2:58And what could happen if we got rid of
this human emotion entirely? -
2:58 - 3:02I started talking to neuroscientists
and cognitive psychologists, -
3:02 - 3:05and what they told me was fascinating.
-
3:05 - 3:07It turns out that when you get bored,
-
3:07 - 3:11you ignite a network in your brain
called the "default mode." -
3:11 - 3:16So our body, it goes on autopilot
while we're folding the laundry -
3:16 - 3:17or we're walking to work,
-
3:17 - 3:20but actually that is when our brain
gets really busy. -
3:20 - 3:23Here's boredom researcher Dr. Sandi Mann.
-
3:24 - 3:27(Audio) Dr. Sandi Mann:
Once you start daydreaming -
3:27 - 3:28and allow your mind to really wander,
-
3:28 - 3:31you start thinking a little bit
beyond the conscious, -
3:31 - 3:33a little bit into the subconscious,
-
3:33 - 3:36which allows sort of different
connections to take place. -
3:36 - 3:37It's really awesome, actually.
-
3:38 - 3:40Manoush Zomorodi: Totally awesome, right?
-
3:40 - 3:42So this is my brain in an fMRI,
-
3:42 - 3:46and I learned that in the default mode
is when we connect disparate ideas, -
3:46 - 3:49we solve some of our most
nagging problems, -
3:49 - 3:52and we do something called
"autobiographical planning." -
3:52 - 3:54This is when we look back at our lives,
-
3:54 - 3:57we take note of the big moments,
we create a personal narrative, -
3:57 - 3:58and then we set goals
-
3:59 - 4:02and we figure out what steps
we need to take to reach them. -
4:02 - 4:06But now we chill out on the couch
also while updating a Google Doc -
4:06 - 4:08or replying to email.
-
4:08 - 4:11We call it "getting shit done,"
-
4:11 - 4:14but here's what neuroscientist
Dr. Daniel Levitin says -
4:14 - 4:15we're actually doing.
-
4:16 - 4:19(Audio) Dr. Daniel Levitin:
Every time you shift your attention -
4:19 - 4:20from one thing to another,
-
4:20 - 4:23the brain has to engage
a neurochemical switch -
4:23 - 4:26that uses up nutrients in the brain
to accomplish that. -
4:26 - 4:29So if you're attempting to multitask,
-
4:29 - 4:31you know, doing four
or five things at once, -
4:31 - 4:33you're not actually doing
four or five things at once, -
4:33 - 4:35because the brain doesn't work that way.
-
4:35 - 4:38Instead, you're rapidly shifting
from one thing to the next, -
4:38 - 4:40depleting neural resources as you go.
-
4:40 - 4:44(Audio) MZ: So switch, switch, switch,
you're using glucose, glucose, glucose. -
4:44 - 4:47(Audio) DL: Exactly right, and we have
a limited supply of that stuff. -
4:48 - 4:50MZ: A decade ago, we shifted
our attention at work -
4:50 - 4:51every three minutes.
-
4:51 - 4:54Now we do it every 45 seconds,
-
4:54 - 4:56and we do it all day long.
-
4:56 - 4:59The average person checks email
74 times a day, -
4:59 - 5:02and switches tasks on their computer
-
5:02 - 5:06566 times a day.
-
5:06 - 5:09I discovered all this
talking to professor of informatics, -
5:09 - 5:11Dr. Gloria Mark.
-
5:11 - 5:15(Audio) Dr. Gloria Mark: So we find
that when people are stressed, -
5:15 - 5:18they tend to shift
their attention more rapidly. -
5:18 - 5:20We also found, strangely enough,
-
5:20 - 5:26that the shorter the amount of sleep
that a person gets, -
5:26 - 5:28the more likely they are
to check Facebook. -
5:28 - 5:32So we're in this vicious, habitual cycle.
-
5:32 - 5:34MZ: But could this cycle be broken?
-
5:34 - 5:38What would happen
if we broke this vicious cycle? -
5:39 - 5:42Maybe my listeners could help me find out.
-
5:43 - 5:46What if we reclaimed
those cracks in our day? -
5:47 - 5:50Could it help us
jump-start our creativity? -
5:51 - 5:55We called the project
"Bored and Brilliant." -
5:56 - 5:59And I expected, you know,
a couple hundred people to play along, -
5:59 - 6:02but thousands of people
started signing up. -
6:02 - 6:05And they told me the reason
they were doing it -
6:05 - 6:08was because they were worried
that their relationship with their phone -
6:08 - 6:12had grown kind of ...
"codependent," shall we say. -
6:12 - 6:16(Audio) Man: The relationship
between a baby and its teddy bear -
6:16 - 6:18or a baby and its binky
-
6:18 - 6:21or a baby that wants its mother's cradle
-
6:21 - 6:24when it's done with being held
by a stranger -- -
6:24 - 6:25(Laughs)
-
6:25 - 6:28that's the relationship
between me and my phone. -
6:28 - 6:31(Audio) Woman: I think of my phone
like a power tool: -
6:31 - 6:35extremely useful, but dangerous
if I'm not handling it properly. -
6:35 - 6:37(Audio) Woman 2:
If I don't pay close attention, -
6:37 - 6:40I'll suddenly realize
that I've lost an hour of time -
6:40 - 6:42doing something totally mindless.
-
6:42 - 6:44MZ: OK, but to really measure
any improvement, -
6:44 - 6:45we needed data, right?
-
6:45 - 6:48Because that's what we do these days.
-
6:48 - 6:51So we partnered with some apps
that would measure how much time -
6:51 - 6:53we were spending every day on our phone.
-
6:53 - 6:54If you're thinking it's ironic
-
6:54 - 6:57that I asked people
to download another app -
6:57 - 6:59so that they would spend
less time on their phones: -
6:59 - 7:01yeah, but you gotta meet people
where they are. -
7:01 - 7:03(Laughter)
-
7:03 - 7:05So before challenge week,
-
7:05 - 7:08we were averaging two hours
a day on our phones -
7:08 - 7:09and 60 pickups,
-
7:09 - 7:12you know, like, a quick check,
did I get a new email? -
7:12 - 7:14Here's what Tina, a student
at Bard College, -
7:14 - 7:16discovered about herself.
-
7:17 - 7:19(Audio) Tina: So far, I've been spending
-
7:19 - 7:22between 150 and 200 minutes
on my phone per day, -
7:22 - 7:26and I've been picking up my phone
70 to 100 times per day. -
7:26 - 7:28And it's really concerning,
-
7:28 - 7:31because that's so much time
that I could have spent -
7:31 - 7:34doing something more productive,
more creative, more towards myself, -
7:34 - 7:37because when I'm on my phone,
I'm not doing anything important. -
7:37 - 7:41MZ: Like Tina, people were starting
to observe their own behavior. -
7:41 - 7:43They were getting ready
for challenge week. -
7:43 - 7:45And that Monday,
-
7:45 - 7:48they started to wake up
to instructions in their inbox, -
7:48 - 7:50an experiment to try.
-
7:50 - 7:52Day one:
-
7:52 - 7:53"Put it in your pocket."
-
7:53 - 7:56Take that phone out of your hand.
-
7:56 - 7:59See if you can eliminate the reflex
to check it all day long, -
7:59 - 8:00just for a day.
-
8:00 - 8:02And if this sounds easy,
-
8:02 - 8:03you haven't tried it.
-
8:03 - 8:05Here's listener Amanda Itzko.
-
8:05 - 8:09(Audio) Amanda Itzko:
I am absolutely itching. -
8:09 - 8:11I feel a little bit crazy,
-
8:11 - 8:16because I have noticed
that I pick up my phone -
8:16 - 8:20when I'm just walking
from one room to another, -
8:20 - 8:21getting on the elevator,
-
8:21 - 8:25and even -- and this is the part
that I am really embarrassed -
8:25 - 8:27to actually say out loud --
-
8:27 - 8:28in the car.
-
8:28 - 8:30MZ: Yikes.
-
8:30 - 8:31Yeah, well, but as Amanda learned,
-
8:31 - 8:35this itching feeling
is not actually her fault. -
8:35 - 8:39That is exactly the behavior
that the technology is built to trigger. -
8:39 - 8:42(Laughter)
-
8:44 - 8:46I mean, right?
-
8:46 - 8:49Here's former Google designer,
Tristan Harris. -
8:49 - 8:53(Audio) Tristan Harris: If I'm Facebook
or I'm Netflix or I'm Snapchat, -
8:53 - 8:55I have literally a thousand engineers
-
8:55 - 8:57whose job is to get
more attention from you. -
8:57 - 8:59I'm very good at this,
-
8:59 - 9:00and I don't want you to ever stop.
-
9:00 - 9:03And you know, the CEO
of Netflix recently said, -
9:03 - 9:06"Our biggest competitors
are Facebook, YouTube and sleep." -
9:06 - 9:09I mean, so there's a million places
to spend your attention, -
9:09 - 9:11but there's a war going on to get it.
-
9:11 - 9:13MZ: I mean, you know the feeling:
-
9:13 - 9:15that amazing episode
of "Transparent" ends, -
9:15 - 9:17and then the next one starts playing
-
9:17 - 9:20so you're like, eh, OK fine,
I'll just stay up and watch it. -
9:20 - 9:23Or the LinkedIn progress bar
says you are this close -
9:23 - 9:25to having the perfect profile,
-
9:25 - 9:28so you add a little more
personal information. -
9:28 - 9:30As one UX designer told me,
-
9:30 - 9:34the only people who refer
to their customers as "users" -
9:34 - 9:36are drug dealers and technologists.
-
9:36 - 9:37(Laughter)
-
9:37 - 9:40(Applause)
-
9:43 - 9:47And users, as we know,
are worth a lot of money. -
9:47 - 9:50Here's former Facebook
product manager and author, -
9:50 - 9:53Antonio García Martínez.
-
9:54 - 9:57(Audio) Antonio García Martínez:
The saying is, if any product is free -
9:57 - 9:59then you're the product;
your attention is the product. -
10:00 - 10:01But what is your attention worth?
-
10:01 - 10:03That's why literally every time
you load a page, -
10:03 - 10:05not just on Facebook or any app,
-
10:05 - 10:08there's an auction being held instantly,
billions of times a day, -
10:08 - 10:10for exactly how much
that one ad impression cost. -
10:10 - 10:14MZ: By the way, the average person
will spend two years of their life -
10:14 - 10:15on Facebook.
-
10:15 - 10:17So, back to challenge week.
-
10:17 - 10:20Immediately, we saw
some creativity kick in. -
10:20 - 10:22Here's New Yorker Lisa Alpert.
-
10:23 - 10:25(Audio) Lisa Alpert: I was bored, I guess.
-
10:25 - 10:30So I suddenly looked at the stairway
that went up to the top of the station, -
10:30 - 10:31and I thought, you know,
-
10:31 - 10:34I had just come down that stairway,
but I could go back up -
10:34 - 10:37and then come back down
and get a little cardio. -
10:37 - 10:38So I did,
-
10:38 - 10:42and then I had a little more time,
so I did it again and I did it again, -
10:42 - 10:44and I did it 10 times.
-
10:44 - 10:46And I had a complete cardio workout.
-
10:46 - 10:49I got on that R train feeling
kind of exhausted, -
10:49 - 10:51but, like, wow,
that had never occurred to me. -
10:51 - 10:53How is that possible?
-
10:53 - 10:54(Laughter)
-
10:54 - 10:58MZ: So creativity, I learned, means
different things to different people. -
10:58 - 10:59(Laughter)
-
10:59 - 11:02But everyone found
day three's challenge the hardest. -
11:03 - 11:05It was called "Delete that app."
-
11:05 - 11:07Take that app -- you know the one;
-
11:07 - 11:09that one that always gets you,
it sucks you in -- -
11:09 - 11:11take it off your phone,
-
11:11 - 11:12even if just for the day.
-
11:12 - 11:15I deleted the game Two Dots
and nearly cried. -
11:15 - 11:16(Laughter)
-
11:16 - 11:19Yeah, Two Dots players
know what I'm talking about. -
11:19 - 11:21But my misery had good company.
-
11:24 - 11:27(Audio) Man 2: This is Liam
in Los Angeles, -
11:27 - 11:31and I deleted Twitter, Facebook,
Instagram, Tumblr, Snapchat and Vine -
11:32 - 11:33from my phone
-
11:33 - 11:34in one fell swoop.
-
11:34 - 11:39And it was kind of an embarrassingly
emotional experience at first. -
11:39 - 11:43It felt weirdly lonely
to look at that lock screen -
11:43 - 11:45with no new notifications on it.
-
11:45 - 11:48But I really liked deciding for myself
-
11:48 - 11:52when to think about or access
my social networks, -
11:52 - 11:55not giving my phone the power
to decide that for me. -
11:56 - 11:57So thank you.
-
11:57 - 12:00(Audio) Woman 3: Deleting the Twitter app
was very sad, -
12:00 - 12:03and I feel I maybe, over the last year
when I've been on Twitter, -
12:03 - 12:05have developed an addiction to it,
-
12:05 - 12:08and this "Bored and Brilliant" challenge
has really made me realize it. -
12:08 - 12:11After a brief period of really horrible
withdrawal feeling, -
12:11 - 12:13like lack-of-caffeine headache,
-
12:13 - 12:15I now feel lovely.
-
12:15 - 12:17I had a lovely dinner with my family,
-
12:17 - 12:22and I hope to continue this structured use
of these powerful tools. -
12:22 - 12:24(Audio) Woman 4: I don't have
that guilty gut feeling -
12:24 - 12:26I have when I know
I'm wasting time on my phone. -
12:26 - 12:30Maybe I'll have to start giving myself
challenges and reminders like this -
12:30 - 12:31every morning.
-
12:31 - 12:33MZ: I mean, yes, this was progress.
-
12:33 - 12:35I could not wait to see
what the numbers said -
12:35 - 12:37at the end of that week.
-
12:38 - 12:40But when the data came in,
-
12:40 - 12:42it turned out that we had cut down,
-
12:42 - 12:44on average,
-
12:44 - 12:46just six minutes --
-
12:46 - 12:49from 120 minutes a day on our phones
-
12:49 - 12:51to 114.
-
12:52 - 12:53Yeah. Whoop-de-do.
-
12:53 - 12:57So I went back to the scientists
feeling kind of low, -
12:57 - 12:59and they just laughed at me,
-
12:59 - 13:01and they said, you know,
changing people's behavior -
13:01 - 13:03in such a short time period
-
13:03 - 13:05was ridiculously ambitious,
-
13:05 - 13:10and actually what you've achieved
is far beyond what we thought possible. -
13:10 - 13:14Because more important than the numbers,
were the people's stories. -
13:14 - 13:16They felt empowered.
-
13:16 - 13:18Their phones had been transformed
-
13:18 - 13:20from taskmasters
-
13:20 - 13:22back into tools.
-
13:23 - 13:27And actually, I found what
the young people said most intriguing. -
13:27 - 13:28Some of them told me
-
13:28 - 13:30that they didn't recognize
some of the emotions -
13:30 - 13:32that they felt during challenge week,
-
13:32 - 13:33because, if you think about it,
-
13:33 - 13:36if you have never known life
without connectivity, -
13:36 - 13:39you may never have experienced boredom.
-
13:39 - 13:42And there could be consequences.
-
13:42 - 13:45Researchers at USC have found --
they're studying teenagers -
13:45 - 13:48who are on social media
while they're talking to their friends -
13:48 - 13:49or they're doing homework,
-
13:49 - 13:53and two years down the road,
they are less creative and imaginative -
13:53 - 13:55about their own personal futures
-
13:55 - 13:59and about solving societal problems,
like violence in their neighborhoods. -
14:00 - 14:02And we really need this next generation
-
14:02 - 14:05to be able to focus on some big problems:
-
14:05 - 14:07climate change, economic disparity,
-
14:07 - 14:09massive cultural differences.
-
14:10 - 14:12No wonder CEOs in an IBM survey
-
14:12 - 14:17identified creativity as the number one
leadership competency. -
14:18 - 14:20OK, here's the good news, though:
-
14:20 - 14:24In the end, 20,000 people
did "Bored and Brilliant" that week. -
14:24 - 14:26Ninety percent cut down on their minutes.
-
14:26 - 14:29Seventy percent got more time to think.
-
14:29 - 14:31People told me that they slept better.
-
14:31 - 14:33They felt happier.
-
14:33 - 14:36My favorite note was from a guy
who said he felt like he was waking up -
14:36 - 14:38from a mental hibernation.
-
14:40 - 14:43Some personal data and some neuroscience
-
14:43 - 14:46gave us permission
to be offline a little bit more, -
14:46 - 14:49and a little bit of boredom
gave us some clarity -
14:49 - 14:51and helped some of us set some goals.
-
14:52 - 14:54I mean, maybe constant connectivity
-
14:54 - 14:57won't be cool in a couple of years.
-
14:58 - 15:02But meanwhile, teaching people,
especially kids, -
15:02 - 15:05how to use technology
to improve their lives -
15:05 - 15:06and to self-regulate
-
15:06 - 15:09needs to be part of digital literacy.
-
15:11 - 15:13So the next time you go
to check your phone, -
15:14 - 15:18remember that if you don't decide
how you're going to use the technology, -
15:18 - 15:20the platforms will decide for you.
-
15:21 - 15:23And ask yourself:
-
15:23 - 15:24What am I really looking for?
-
15:24 - 15:28Because if it's to check email,
that's fine -- do it and be done. -
15:28 - 15:31But if it's to distract yourself
from doing the hard work -
15:31 - 15:33that comes with deeper thinking,
-
15:33 - 15:35take a break,
-
15:35 - 15:36stare out the window
-
15:37 - 15:40and know that by doing nothing
-
15:40 - 15:44you are actually being
your most productive and creative self. -
15:44 - 15:47It might feel weird
and uncomfortable at first, -
15:47 - 15:50but boredom truly can lead to brilliance.
-
15:50 - 15:52Thank you.
-
15:52 - 15:56(Applause)
- Title:
- How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas
- Speaker:
- Manoush Zomorodi
- Description:
-
Do you sometimes have your most creative ideas while folding laundry, washing dishes or doing nothing in particular? It's because when your body goes on autopilot, your brain gets busy forming new neural connections that connect ideas and solve problems. Learn to love being bored as Manoush Zomorodi explains the connection between spacing out and creativity.
- Video Language:
- English
- Team:
- closed TED
- Project:
- TEDTalks
- Duration:
- 16:13
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas | ||
Brian Greene edited English subtitles for How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas | ||
Camille Martínez accepted English subtitles for How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas | ||
Camille Martínez edited English subtitles for How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas | ||
Joseph Geni edited English subtitles for How boredom can lead to your most brilliant ideas |