0:00:00.760,0:00:04.416
Chris Anderson: Perhaps we could start[br]by just telling us about your country.

0:00:04.440,0:00:08.296
It's three dots there on the globe.[br]Those dots are pretty huge.

0:00:08.320,0:00:10.976
I think each one[br]is about the size of California.

0:00:11.000,0:00:12.856
Tell us about Kiribati.

0:00:12.880,0:00:17.376
Anote Tong: Well, let me first begin[br]by saying how deeply grateful I am

0:00:17.400,0:00:21.536
for this opportunity to share my story[br]with people who do care.

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I think I've been sharing my story with[br]a lot of people who don't care too much.

0:00:27.160,0:00:31.016
But Kiribati is comprised[br]of three groups of islands:

0:00:31.040,0:00:33.856
the Gilbert Group on the west,

0:00:33.880,0:00:37.216
we have the Phoenix Islands in the middle,

0:00:37.240,0:00:41.656
and the Line Islands in the east.

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And quite frankly, Kiribati[br]is perhaps the only country

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that is actually[br]in the four corners of the world,

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because we are in the Northern Hemisphere,[br]in the Southern Hemisphere,

0:00:50.490,0:00:53.545
and also in the east and the west[br]of the International Date Line.

0:00:53.570,0:00:59.896
These islands are entirely[br]made up of coral atolls,

0:00:59.920,0:01:04.855
and on average about[br]two meters above sea level.

0:01:04.879,0:01:08.336
And so this is what we have.

0:01:08.360,0:01:13.176
Usually not more[br]than two kilometers in width.

0:01:13.200,0:01:16.136
And so, on many occasions,[br]I've been asked by people,

0:01:16.160,0:01:18.696
"You know, you're suffering,[br]why don't you move back?"

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They don't understand.

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They have no concept[br]of what it is that's involved.

0:01:23.680,0:01:27.256
With the rising sea, they say,[br]"Well, you can move back."

0:01:27.280,0:01:28.856
And so this is what I tell them.

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If we move back, we will fall off[br]on the other side of the ocean. OK?

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But these are the kinds of issues[br]that people don't understand.

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CA: So certainly this is[br]just a picture of fragility there.

0:01:42.280,0:01:44.816
When was it that you yourself realized

0:01:44.840,0:01:48.456
that there might be[br]impending peril for your country?

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AT: Well, the story of climate change[br]has been one that has been going on

0:01:51.960,0:01:53.416
for quite a number of decades.

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And when I came into office in 2003,

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I began talking about climate change[br]at the United Nations General Assembly,

0:02:02.480,0:02:05.216
but not with so much passion,

0:02:05.240,0:02:08.856
because then there was still[br]this controversy among the scientists

0:02:08.880,0:02:14.136
whether it was human-induced,[br]whether it was real or it wasn't.

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But I think that that debate[br]was fairly much concluded in 2007

0:02:20.320,0:02:25.896
with the Fourth Assessment[br]Report of the IPCC,

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which made a categorical statement[br]that it is real, it's human-induced,

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and it's predicting[br]some very serious scenarios

0:02:36.760,0:02:39.296
for countries like mine.

0:02:39.320,0:02:42.576
And so that's when I got very serious.

0:02:42.600,0:02:46.576
In the past, I talked about it.

0:02:46.600,0:02:47.816
We were worried.

0:02:47.840,0:02:51.576
But when the scenarios,[br]the predictions came in 2007,

0:02:51.600,0:02:53.936
it became a real issue for us.

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CA: Now, those predictions are,[br]I think, that by 2100,

0:02:59.600,0:03:02.376
sea levels are forecast to rise[br]perhaps three feet.

0:03:02.400,0:03:05.020
There's scenarios where[br]it's higher than that, for sure,

0:03:05.044,0:03:07.180
but what would you say[br]to a skeptic who said,

0:03:07.204,0:03:08.376
"What's three feet?

0:03:08.400,0:03:10.576
You're on average[br]six feet above sea level.

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What's the problem?"

0:03:12.200,0:03:14.256
AT: Well, I think[br]it's got to be understood

0:03:14.280,0:03:16.336
that a marginal rise in sea level

0:03:16.360,0:03:18.936
would mean a loss of a lot of land,

0:03:18.960,0:03:22.216
because much of the land is low.

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And quite apart from that,[br]we are getting the swells at the moment.

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So it's not about getting two feet.

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I think what many people do not understand

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is they think climate change is something[br]that is happening in the future.

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Well, we're at the very[br]bottom end of the spectrum.

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It's already with us.

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We have communities[br]who already have been dislocated.

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They have had to move,[br]and every parliament session,

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I'm getting complaints[br]from different communities

0:03:53.080,0:03:56.136
asking for assistance to build seawalls,

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to see what we can do[br]about the freshwater lens

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because it's being destroyed,

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and so in my trips[br]to the different islands,

0:04:03.320,0:04:06.016
I'm seeing evidence of communities

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which are now having to cope[br]with the loss of food crops,

0:04:09.680,0:04:13.256
the contamination of the water lenses,

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and I see these communities[br]perhaps leaving, having to relocate,

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within five to 10 years.

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CA: And then, I think the country[br]suffered its first cyclone,

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and this is connected, yes?[br]What happened here?

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AT: Well, we're on the equator,

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and I'm sure many of you understand[br]that when you're on the equator,

0:04:34.680,0:04:38.256
it's supposed to be in the doldrums.[br]We're not supposed to get the cyclones.

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We create them, and then we send them[br]either north or south.

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(Laughter)

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But they aren't supposed to come back.

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But for the first time,[br]at the beginning of this year,

0:04:46.948,0:04:50.616
the Cyclone Pam,[br]which destroyed Vanuatu,

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and in the process,[br]the very edges of it actually touched

0:04:54.120,0:04:56.496
our two southernmost islands,

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and all of Tuvalu was underwater[br]when Hurricane Pam struck.

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But for our two southernmost islands,

0:05:05.640,0:05:08.976
we had waves come over half the island,

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and so this has never happened before.

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It's a new experience.

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And I've just come back[br]from my own constituency,

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and I've seen these beautiful trees[br]which had been there for decades,

0:05:21.800,0:05:23.776
they've been totally destroyed.

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So this is what's happening,

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but when we talk[br]about the rising sea level,

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we think it's something[br]that happens gradually.

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It comes with the winds,[br]it comes with the swells,

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and so they can be magnified,

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but what we are beginning to witness[br]is the change in the weather pattern,

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which is perhaps the more urgent challenge

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that we will face sooner[br]than perhaps the rising sea level.

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CA: So the country[br]is already seeing effects now.

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As you look forward,

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what are your options[br]as a country, as a nation?

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AT: Well, I've been telling[br]this story every year.

0:06:03.200,0:06:04.629
I think I visit a number of --

0:06:04.653,0:06:09.616
I've been traveling the world[br]to try and get people to understand.

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We have a plan, we think we have a plan.

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And on one occasion,[br]I think I spoke in Geneva

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and there was a gentleman[br]who was interviewing me

0:06:19.760,0:06:21.496
on something like this,

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and I said, "We are looking[br]at floating islands,"

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and he thought it was funny,[br]but somebody said,

0:06:26.120,0:06:30.056
"No, this is not funny.[br]These people are looking for solutions."

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And so I have been looking[br]at floating islands.

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The Japanese are interested[br]in building floating islands.

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But, as a country,[br]we have made a commitment

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that no matter what happens,[br]we will try as much as possible

0:06:44.080,0:06:48.256
to stay and continue to exist as a nation.

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What that will take,

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it's going to be[br]something quite significant,

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very, very substantial.

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Either we live on floating islands,

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or we have to build up the islands[br]to continue to stay out of the water

0:07:01.120,0:07:05.856
as the sea level rises[br]and as the storms get more severe.

0:07:05.880,0:07:08.309
But even that, it's going to be[br]very, very difficult

0:07:08.333,0:07:11.176
to get the kind of resourcing[br]that we would need.

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CA: And then the only recourse[br]is some form of forced migration.

0:07:15.080,0:07:17.296
AT: Well, we are also looking at that

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because in the event[br]that nothing comes forward

0:07:20.240,0:07:22.056
from the international community,

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we are preparing,

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we don't want to be caught[br]like what's happening in Europe.

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OK? We don't want to mass migrate[br]at some point in time.

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We want to be able[br]to give the people the choice today,

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those who choose[br]and want to do that, to migrate.

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We don't want something to happen[br]that they are forced to migrate

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without having been prepared to do so.

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Of course, our culture is very different,[br]our society is very different,

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and once we migrate[br]into a different environment,

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a different culture,

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there's a whole lot[br]of adjustments that are required.

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CA: Well, there's forced migration[br]in your country's past,

0:07:57.200,0:07:58.856
and I think just this week,

0:07:58.880,0:08:02.136
just yesterday[br]or the day before yesterday,

0:08:02.160,0:08:04.336
you visited these people.

0:08:04.360,0:08:06.536
What happened here? What's the story here?

0:08:06.560,0:08:08.976
AT: Yes, and I'm sorry,[br]I think somebody was asking

0:08:09.000,0:08:11.976
why we were sneaking off[br]to visit that place.

0:08:12.000,0:08:15.976
I had a very good reason, because we have[br]a community of Kiribati people

0:08:16.000,0:08:20.096
living in that part[br]of the Solomon Islands,

0:08:20.120,0:08:23.976
but these were people who were relocated[br]from the Phoenix Islands, in fact,

0:08:24.000,0:08:25.456
in the 1960s.

0:08:25.480,0:08:30.016
There was serious drought, and the people[br]could not continue to live on the island,

0:08:30.040,0:08:33.416
and so they were moved[br]to live here in the Solomon Islands.

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And so yesterday it was very interesting[br]to meet with these people.

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They didn't know who I was.[br]They hadn't heard of me.

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Some of them later recognized me,

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but I think they were very happy.

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Later they really wanted to have[br]the opportunity to welcome me formally.

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But I think what I saw yesterday[br]was very interesting

0:08:53.040,0:08:54.856
because here I see our people.

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I spoke in our language, and of course[br]they spoke back, they replied,

0:09:00.720,0:09:05.416
but their accent, they are beginning[br]not to be able to speak Kiribati properly.

0:09:05.440,0:09:07.936
I saw them, there was[br]this lady with red teeth.

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She was chewing betel nuts,

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and it's not something we do in Kiribati.

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We don't chew betel nuts.

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I met also a family who have married[br]the local people here,

0:09:21.000,0:09:25.096
and so this is what is happening.

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As you go into another community,[br]there are bound to be changes.

0:09:28.720,0:09:33.176
There is bound to be[br]a certain loss of identity,

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and this is what we will be[br]looking for in the future

0:09:36.680,0:09:38.936
if and when we do migrate.

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CA: It must have been[br]just an extraordinarily emotional day

0:09:42.160,0:09:44.976
because of these questions about identity,

0:09:45.000,0:09:50.216
the joy of seeing you and perhaps[br]an emphasized sense of what they had lost.

0:09:50.240,0:09:53.621
And it's very inspiring to hear you say[br]you're going to fight to the end

0:09:53.645,0:09:58.056
to try to preserve[br]the nation in a location.

0:09:58.080,0:09:59.376
AT: This is our wish.

0:09:59.400,0:10:02.456
Nobody wants ever to leave their home,

0:10:02.480,0:10:05.536
and so it's been[br]a very difficult decision for me.

0:10:05.560,0:10:10.936
As a leader, you don't make plans[br]to leave your island, your home,

0:10:10.960,0:10:13.216
and so I've been asked[br]on a number of occasions,

0:10:13.240,0:10:14.456
"So how do you feel?"

0:10:14.480,0:10:17.616
And it doesn't feel good at all.

0:10:17.640,0:10:21.216
It's an emotional thing,[br]and I've tried to live with it,

0:10:21.240,0:10:26.176
and I know that on occasions, I'm accused[br]of not trying to solve the problem

0:10:26.200,0:10:28.176
because I can't solve the problem.

0:10:28.200,0:10:31.016
It's something that's got[br]to be done collectively.

0:10:31.040,0:10:36.816
Climate change is a global phenomenon,[br]and as I've often argued,

0:10:36.840,0:10:41.336
unfortunately, the countries,[br]when we come to the United Nations --

0:10:41.360,0:10:46.256
I was in a meeting with[br]the Pacific Island Forum countries

0:10:46.280,0:10:48.776
where Australia and New Zealand[br]are also members,

0:10:48.800,0:10:50.536
and we had an argument.

0:10:50.560,0:10:53.256
There was a bit of a story in the news

0:10:53.280,0:10:57.576
because they were arguing[br]that to cut emissions,

0:10:57.600,0:10:59.856
it would be something[br]that they're unable to do

0:10:59.880,0:11:03.096
because it would affect the industries.

0:11:03.120,0:11:04.576
And so here I was saying,

0:11:04.600,0:11:06.816
OK, I hear you,

0:11:06.840,0:11:08.496
I understand what you're saying,

0:11:08.520,0:11:10.776
but try also to understand what I'm saying

0:11:10.800,0:11:13.416
because if you do not cut your emissions,

0:11:13.440,0:11:15.816
then our survival is on the line.

0:11:15.840,0:11:20.176
And so it's a matter for you[br]to weigh this, these moral issues.

0:11:20.200,0:11:24.216
It's about industry as opposed to[br]the survival of a people.

0:11:24.240,0:11:26.896
CA: You know, I ask you yesterday[br]what made you angry,

0:11:26.920,0:11:30.416
and you said, "I don't get angry."[br]But then you paused.

0:11:30.440,0:11:32.056
I think this made you angry.

0:11:32.080,0:11:36.976
AT: I'd refer you to my earlier[br]statement at the United Nations.

0:11:37.000,0:11:41.936
I was very angry, very frustrated[br]and then depressed.

0:11:41.960,0:11:43.936
There was a sense of futility

0:11:43.960,0:11:49.416
that we are fighting a fight[br]that we have no hope of winning.

0:11:49.440,0:11:51.616
I had to change my approach.

0:11:51.640,0:11:53.736
I had to become more reasonable

0:11:53.760,0:11:56.903
because I thought people would listen[br]to somebody who was rational,

0:11:56.927,0:11:59.496
but I remain radically rational,[br]whatever that is.

0:11:59.520,0:12:01.136
(Laughter)

0:12:01.160,0:12:04.896
CA: Now, a core part[br]of your nation's identity is fishing.

0:12:04.920,0:12:08.416
I think you said pretty much everyone[br]is involved in fishing in some way.

0:12:08.440,0:12:11.216
AT: Well, we eat fish[br]every day, every day,

0:12:11.240,0:12:15.776
and I think there is no doubt[br]that our rate of consumption of fish

0:12:15.800,0:12:17.936
is perhaps the highest in the world.

0:12:17.960,0:12:20.416
We don't have a lot of livestock,

0:12:20.440,0:12:23.216
so it's fish that we depend on.

0:12:23.240,0:12:26.376
CA: So you're dependent on fish,[br]both at the local level

0:12:26.400,0:12:29.096
and for the revenues[br]that the country receives

0:12:29.120,0:12:31.696
from the global fishing business for tuna,

0:12:31.720,0:12:36.616
and yet despite that, a few years ago[br]you took a very radical step.

0:12:36.640,0:12:38.016
Can you tell us about that?

0:12:38.040,0:12:41.376
I think something happened[br]right here in the Phoenix Islands.

0:12:41.400,0:12:46.696
AT: Let me give some of the background[br]of what fish means for us.

0:12:46.720,0:12:50.656
We have one of the largest[br]tuna fisheries remaining in the world.

0:12:50.680,0:12:53.536
In the Pacific, I think we own[br]something like 60 percent

0:12:53.560,0:12:55.456
of the remaining tuna fisheries,

0:12:55.480,0:12:59.736
and it remains relatively healthy[br]for some species, but not all.

0:12:59.760,0:13:04.880
And Kiribati is one of the three[br]major resource owners,

0:13:05.920,0:13:07.616
tuna resource owners.

0:13:07.640,0:13:11.216
And at the moment, we have been getting

0:13:11.240,0:13:14.136
something like 80 to 90[br]percent of our revenue

0:13:14.160,0:13:16.616
from access fees, license fees.

0:13:16.640,0:13:18.496
CA: Of your national revenue.

0:13:18.520,0:13:20.336
AT: National revenue,

0:13:20.360,0:13:23.176
which drives everything that we do

0:13:23.200,0:13:27.216
in governments, hospitals,[br]schools and what have you.

0:13:27.240,0:13:32.456
But we decided to close this,[br]and it was a very difficult decision.

0:13:32.480,0:13:38.016
I can assure you, politically,[br]locally, it was not easy,

0:13:38.040,0:13:41.976
but I was convinced that we had to do this

0:13:42.000,0:13:46.576
in order to ensure[br]that the fishery remains sustainable.

0:13:46.600,0:13:49.376
There had been some indications[br]that some of the species,

0:13:49.400,0:13:53.536
in particular the bigeye,[br]was under serious threat.

0:13:53.560,0:13:56.936
The yellowfin was also heavily fished.

0:13:56.960,0:13:58.696
Skipjack remains healthy.

0:13:58.720,0:14:03.496
And so we had to do something like that,[br]and so that was the reason I did that.

0:14:03.520,0:14:07.416
Another reason why I did that

0:14:07.440,0:14:12.136
was because I had been asking[br]the international community

0:14:12.160,0:14:16.696
that in order to deal with climate change,[br]in order to fight climate change,

0:14:16.720,0:14:20.616
there has got to be sacrifice,[br]there has got to be commitment.

0:14:20.640,0:14:25.936
So in asking the international community[br]to make a sacrifice,

0:14:25.960,0:14:28.776
I thought we ourselves[br]need to make that sacrifice.

0:14:28.800,0:14:30.616
And so we made the sacrifice.

0:14:30.640,0:14:35.583
And forgoing commercial fishing

0:14:35.608,0:14:38.216
in the Phoenix Islands protected area

0:14:38.240,0:14:40.096
would mean a loss of revenue.

0:14:40.120,0:14:42.597
We are still trying to assess[br]what that loss would be

0:14:42.621,0:14:47.856
because we actually closed it off[br]at the beginning of this year,

0:14:47.880,0:14:50.216
and so we will see by the end of this year

0:14:50.240,0:14:53.736
what it means in terms[br]of the lost revenue.

0:14:53.760,0:14:56.016
CA: So there's so many things[br]playing into this.

0:14:56.040,0:15:03.016
On the one hand,[br]it may prompt healthier fisheries.

0:15:03.040,0:15:05.416
I mean, how much are you able[br]to move the price up

0:15:05.440,0:15:07.936
that you charge for the remaining areas?

0:15:07.960,0:15:12.576
AT: The negotiations[br]have been very difficult,

0:15:12.600,0:15:16.456
but we have managed[br]to raise the cost of a vessel day.

0:15:16.480,0:15:19.096
For any vessel[br]to come in to fish for a day,

0:15:19.120,0:15:22.736
we have raised the fee from --[br]it was $6,000 and $8,000,

0:15:22.760,0:15:27.336
now to $10,000, $12,000 per vessel day.

0:15:27.360,0:15:30.576
And so there's been[br]that significant increase.

0:15:30.600,0:15:35.176
But at the same time,[br]what's important to note is,

0:15:35.200,0:15:39.536
whereas in the past these fishing boats

0:15:39.560,0:15:43.496
might be fishing in a day[br]and maybe catch 10 tons,

0:15:43.520,0:15:47.416
now they're catching maybe 100 tons[br]because they've become so efficient.

0:15:47.440,0:15:49.776
And so we've got to respond likewise.

0:15:49.800,0:15:53.976
We've got to be very, very careful[br]because the technology has so improved.

0:15:54.000,0:15:59.416
There was a time when the Brazilian fleet[br]moved from the Atlantic to the Pacific.

0:15:59.440,0:16:00.656
They couldn't.

0:16:00.680,0:16:03.896
They started experimenting[br]if they could, per se.

0:16:03.920,0:16:07.600
But now they've got ways of doing it,[br]and they've become so efficient.

0:16:09.000,0:16:12.198
CA: Can you give us a sense[br]of what it's like in those negotiations?

0:16:12.223,0:16:13.920
Because you're up against companies

0:16:13.944,0:16:17.536
that have hundreds of millions[br]of dollars at stake, essentially.

0:16:17.560,0:16:20.896
How do you hold the line?

0:16:20.920,0:16:22.976
Is there any advice you can give

0:16:23.000,0:16:26.056
to other leaders who are dealing[br]with the same companies

0:16:26.080,0:16:30.376
about how to get[br]the most for your country,

0:16:30.400,0:16:34.416
get the most for the fish?

0:16:34.440,0:16:35.976
What advice would you give?

0:16:36.000,0:16:42.256
AT: Well, I think we focus[br]too often on licensing

0:16:42.280,0:16:43.947
in order to get the rate of return,

0:16:43.971,0:16:46.776
because what we are getting[br]from license fees

0:16:46.800,0:16:49.416
is about 10 percent[br]of the landed value of the catch

0:16:49.440,0:16:52.576
on the side of the wharf,[br]not in the retail shops.

0:16:52.600,0:16:56.576
And we only get about 10 percent.

0:16:56.600,0:16:59.216
What we have been trying[br]to do over the years

0:16:59.240,0:17:03.096
is actually to increase[br]our participation in the industry,

0:17:03.120,0:17:05.736
in the harvesting, in the processing,

0:17:05.760,0:17:07.617
and eventually, hopefully, the marketing.

0:17:07.642,0:17:11.336
They're not easy to penetrate,

0:17:11.359,0:17:13.656
but we are working towards that,

0:17:13.680,0:17:16.296
and yes, the answer would be to enhance.

0:17:16.319,0:17:20.536
In order to increase our rate of return,[br]we have to become more involved.

0:17:20.560,0:17:23.736
And so we've started doing that,

0:17:23.760,0:17:28.016
and we have to restructure the industry.

0:17:28.040,0:17:31.416
We've got to tell these people[br]that the world has changed.

0:17:31.440,0:17:33.856
Now we want to produce the fish ourselves.

0:17:33.880,0:17:35.976
CA: And meanwhile,[br]for your local fishermen,

0:17:36.000,0:17:39.096
they are still able to fish,

0:17:39.120,0:17:41.576
but what is business like for them?

0:17:41.600,0:17:43.936
Is it getting harder?[br]Are the waters depleted?

0:17:43.960,0:17:47.416
Or is that being run[br]on a sustainable basis?

0:17:47.440,0:17:48.896
AT: For the artisanal fishery,

0:17:48.920,0:17:52.176
we do not participate[br]in the commercial fishing activity

0:17:52.200,0:17:55.216
except only to supply the domestic market.

0:17:55.240,0:17:58.536
The tuna fishery is really[br]entirely for the foreign market,

0:17:58.560,0:18:04.776
mostly here in the US, Europe, Japan.

0:18:04.800,0:18:09.336
So I am a fisherman, very much,

0:18:09.360,0:18:12.536
and I used to be able to catch yellowfin.

0:18:12.560,0:18:15.336
Now it's very, very rare[br]to be able to catch yellowfin

0:18:15.360,0:18:18.736
because they are being lifted[br]out of the water by the hundreds of tons

0:18:18.760,0:18:20.640
by these purse seiners.

0:18:22.360,0:18:27.296
CA: So here's a couple[br]of beautiful girls from your country.

0:18:27.320,0:18:30.536
I mean, as you think about their future,

0:18:30.560,0:18:33.216
what message would you have for them

0:18:33.240,0:18:36.256
and what message[br]would you have for the world?

0:18:36.280,0:18:39.709
AT: Well, I've been telling the world[br]that we really have to do something

0:18:39.733,0:18:41.576
about what is happening to the climate

0:18:41.600,0:18:44.376
because for us, it's about[br]the future of these children.

0:18:44.400,0:18:46.336
I have 12 grandchildren, at least.

0:18:46.360,0:18:48.376
I think I have 12, my wife knows.

0:18:48.400,0:18:50.616
(Laughter)

0:18:50.640,0:18:53.656
And I think I have eight children.

0:18:53.680,0:18:54.936
It's about their future.

0:18:54.960,0:18:58.696
Every day I see my grandchildren,[br]about the same age as these young girls,

0:18:58.720,0:19:01.136
and I do wonder,

0:19:01.160,0:19:03.376
and I get angry sometimes, yes I do.

0:19:03.400,0:19:05.456
I wonder what is to become of them.

0:19:05.480,0:19:08.616
And so it's about them

0:19:08.640,0:19:10.896
that we should be telling everybody,

0:19:10.920,0:19:13.176
that it's not about[br]their own national interest,

0:19:13.200,0:19:16.856
because climate change,[br]regrettably, unfortunately,

0:19:16.880,0:19:20.976
is viewed by many countries[br]as a national problem. It's not.

0:19:21.000,0:19:24.000
And this is the argument[br]we got into recently with our partners,

0:19:24.024,0:19:25.720
the Australians and New Zealanders,

0:19:25.744,0:19:29.056
because they said,[br]"We can't cut any more."

0:19:29.080,0:19:32.696
This is what one of the leaders,[br]the Australian leader, said,

0:19:32.720,0:19:36.976
that we've done our part,[br]we are cutting back.

0:19:37.000,0:19:40.656
I said, What about the rest?[br]Why don't you keep it?

0:19:40.680,0:19:43.376
If you could keep[br]the rest of your emissions

0:19:43.400,0:19:45.696
within your boundaries,[br]within your borders,

0:19:45.720,0:19:47.496
we'd have no question.

0:19:47.520,0:19:49.336
You can go ahead as much as you like.

0:19:49.360,0:19:51.496
But unfortunately,[br]you're sending it our way,

0:19:51.520,0:19:53.711
and it's affecting[br]the future of our children.

0:19:53.735,0:19:58.776
And so surely I think that is the heart[br]of the problem of climate change today.

0:19:58.800,0:20:01.856
We will be meeting in Paris[br]at the end of this year,

0:20:01.880,0:20:05.816
but until we can think of this[br]as a global phenomenon,

0:20:05.840,0:20:09.096
because we create it,[br]individually, as nations,

0:20:09.120,0:20:11.056
but it affects everybody else,

0:20:11.080,0:20:14.696
and yet, we refuse[br]to do anything about it,

0:20:14.720,0:20:17.176
and we deal with it as a national problem,

0:20:17.200,0:20:19.296
which it is not -- it is a global issue,

0:20:19.320,0:20:22.040
and it's got to be[br]dealt with collectively.

0:20:23.120,0:20:27.456
CA: People are incredibly bad[br]at responding to graphs and numbers,

0:20:27.480,0:20:31.256
and we shut our minds to it.

0:20:31.280,0:20:37.536
Somehow, to people, we're slightly better[br]at responding to that sometimes.

0:20:37.560,0:20:40.496
And it seems like it's[br]very possible that your nation,

0:20:40.520,0:20:44.976
despite, actually because of[br]the intense problems you face,

0:20:45.000,0:20:49.896
you may yet be the warning light[br]to the world that shines most visibly,

0:20:49.920,0:20:51.896
most powerfully.

0:20:51.920,0:20:54.737
I just want to thank you, [br]I'm sure, on behalf of all of us,

0:20:54.762,0:20:57.256
for your extraordinary leadership[br]and for being here.

0:20:57.280,0:20:58.853
Mr. President, thank you so much.

0:20:58.873,0:20:59.646
AT: Thank you.

0:20:59.666,0:21:02.120
(Applause)