WEBVTT

00:00:12.839 --> 00:00:15.173
How many of you actually love bugs?

00:00:15.807 --> 00:00:16.878
Just raise your hand.

00:00:16.919 --> 00:00:20.319
Love bugs - I mean,
maybe not love - fond of bugs.

00:00:21.057 --> 00:00:24.457
Okay. Well, I would say
roughly around 10 percent.

00:00:24.541 --> 00:00:27.474
Something like that.
That's not bad at all.

00:00:28.100 --> 00:00:30.099
I'm a bug lover, myself...

00:00:30.123 --> 00:00:31.876
Not from childhood, by the way,

00:00:31.900 --> 00:00:33.470
but rather late.

00:00:34.497 --> 00:00:35.876
When I bachelored,

00:00:35.900 --> 00:00:38.593
majoring in zoology
at Tel Aviv University,

00:00:38.617 --> 00:00:40.754
I kind of fell in love with bugs.

00:00:40.778 --> 00:00:42.516
And then, within zoology,

00:00:42.540 --> 00:00:45.680
I took the course
or the discipline of entomology,

00:00:45.704 --> 00:00:47.955
the science of insects.

00:00:48.544 --> 00:00:51.742
And then I thought to myself,
how can I be practical

00:00:51.766 --> 00:00:54.742
or help in the science of entomology?

00:00:55.100 --> 00:00:58.333
And then I moved to the world
of plant protection...

00:00:58.357 --> 00:01:00.859
Plant protection from insects,

00:01:00.883 --> 00:01:02.697
from bad bugs.

00:01:02.721 --> 00:01:05.075
And then within plant protection,

00:01:05.099 --> 00:01:09.361
I came into the discipline
of biological pest control,

00:01:09.385 --> 00:01:11.075
which we actually define

00:01:11.099 --> 00:01:14.076
as the use of living organisms

00:01:14.100 --> 00:01:18.600
to reduce populations
of noxious plant pests.

00:01:18.624 --> 00:01:21.726
So it's a whole discipline
in plant protection

00:01:21.750 --> 00:01:25.207
aimed at the reduction of chemicals.

00:01:25.996 --> 00:01:28.042
And biological pest control, by the way,

00:01:28.066 --> 00:01:30.834
or these "good bugs"
that we are talking about,

00:01:30.858 --> 00:01:34.690
they've existed in the world
for thousands and thousands of years,

00:01:34.714 --> 00:01:36.317
for a long, long time.

00:01:36.341 --> 00:01:39.331
But only in the last 120 years,

00:01:39.428 --> 00:01:42.818
people started, or people
knew more and more

00:01:42.842 --> 00:01:47.228
how to exploit, or how to use,
this biological control phenomenon,

00:01:47.252 --> 00:01:50.632
or in fact, natural control phenomenon,

00:01:50.656 --> 00:01:52.894
for their own needs.

00:01:53.380 --> 00:01:56.988
Because biological control phenomenon...
You can see it in your backyard.

00:01:57.012 --> 00:01:59.968
Just take a magnifying glass.
You see what I have here?

00:01:59.992 --> 00:02:04.006
That's a magnifier, times 10.

00:02:04.030 --> 00:02:07.028
You just open it, twist leaves,

00:02:07.052 --> 00:02:10.476
and you see a whole new world
of minute insects,

00:02:10.500 --> 00:02:15.476
or little spiders of one millimeter,
one-and-a-half, two millimeters long,

00:02:15.500 --> 00:02:18.500
and you can distinguish
between the good ones and the bad ones.

00:02:18.524 --> 00:02:23.064
So this phenomenon of natural control
exists literally everywhere.

00:02:23.088 --> 00:02:25.142
Here, in front of this building, I'm sure.

00:02:25.166 --> 00:02:26.688
Just have a look at the plants.

00:02:27.105 --> 00:02:30.766
So it's everywhere,
and we need to know how to exploit it.

00:02:31.869 --> 00:02:33.846
Well, let's go hand by hand

00:02:33.870 --> 00:02:37.076
and browse through just a few examples.

00:02:37.100 --> 00:02:38.615
What is a pest?

00:02:38.639 --> 00:02:41.949
What damage does it actually
inflict on the plant?

00:02:41.973 --> 00:02:44.234
And what is the natural enemy,

00:02:44.258 --> 00:02:47.241
the biological control agent,
or the "good bug"

00:02:47.265 --> 00:02:48.466
that we're talking about?

00:02:48.490 --> 00:02:53.503
In general, I'm going to talk
about insects and spiders,

00:02:53.527 --> 00:02:55.750
or mites, let us call them.

00:02:55.774 --> 00:02:58.543
Insects, those six-legged organisms

00:02:58.567 --> 00:03:02.645
and spiders or mites,
the eight-legged organisms.

00:03:02.669 --> 00:03:04.076
Let's have a look at that.

00:03:04.100 --> 00:03:07.328
Here is a devastating pest, a spider mite,

00:03:07.352 --> 00:03:10.224
because it does a lot
of webbing, like a spider.

00:03:10.600 --> 00:03:12.122
You see the mother in between,

00:03:12.146 --> 00:03:14.556
and two daughters, probably,
on the left and right,

00:03:14.580 --> 00:03:16.648
and a single egg on the right-hand side.

00:03:16.672 --> 00:03:19.160
And then you see
what kind of damage it can inflict.

00:03:19.184 --> 00:03:22.125
On your right-hand side,
you can see a cucumber leaf,

00:03:22.150 --> 00:03:23.591
in the middle, a cotton leaf,

00:03:23.615 --> 00:03:26.813
and on the left, a tomato leaf
with these little stipplings.

00:03:26.837 --> 00:03:29.890
They can literally turn
from green to white,

00:03:29.914 --> 00:03:35.476
because of the sucking, piercing
mouth parts of those spiders.

00:03:36.158 --> 00:03:39.828
But here comes nature,
that provides us with a good spider.

00:03:41.552 --> 00:03:44.934
This is a predatory mite...
Just as small as a spider mite;

00:03:44.958 --> 00:03:47.762
one, two millimeters long,
not more than that...

00:03:47.786 --> 00:03:52.200
Running quickly, hunting,
chasing the spider mites.

00:03:52.224 --> 00:03:56.092
And here, you can see this lady
in action on your left-hand side...

00:03:56.116 --> 00:04:01.742
Just pierces, sucks the body fluids
on the left-hand side of the pest mite.

00:04:01.766 --> 00:04:04.376
And after five minutes,
this is what you see:

00:04:04.400 --> 00:04:06.719
just a typical dead corpse...

00:04:06.743 --> 00:04:10.376
The shriveled, sucked-out,
dead corpse of the spider mite,

00:04:10.400 --> 00:04:15.264
and next to it, two satiated
individuals, predatory mites.

00:04:15.309 --> 00:04:18.231
By the way, a meal for them for 24 hours,

00:04:18.255 --> 00:04:22.505
is about five of the spider mites,
of the bad mites,

00:04:22.529 --> 00:04:27.414
and-or 15 to 20 eggs of the pest mites.

00:04:27.438 --> 00:04:29.876
By the way, they are always hungry.

00:04:29.900 --> 00:04:32.139
(Laughter)

00:04:32.163 --> 00:04:34.470
And here is another example: aphids.

00:04:34.494 --> 00:04:36.348
It's springtime now in Israel.

00:04:36.372 --> 00:04:38.877
When temperatures rise sharply,

00:04:38.901 --> 00:04:42.174
you can see those bad ones,
those aphids, all over the plants...

00:04:42.198 --> 00:04:44.876
In your hibiscus, in your lantana,

00:04:44.900 --> 00:04:48.876
in the young, fresh foliage
of the so-called spring flush.

00:04:48.900 --> 00:04:52.876
By the way, with aphids you have
only females, like Amazons.

00:04:52.900 --> 00:04:56.325
Females giving rise to females,
giving rise to other females.

00:04:56.349 --> 00:04:57.578
No males at all.

00:04:57.602 --> 00:05:00.038
Parthenogenesis, as it's so called.

00:05:00.062 --> 00:05:02.177
And they're very happy
with that, apparently.

00:05:02.201 --> 00:05:03.226
(Laughter)

00:05:03.250 --> 00:05:04.876
Here we can see the damage.

00:05:04.900 --> 00:05:11.660
Those aphids secrete a sticky,
sugary liquid called honeydew,

00:05:12.084 --> 00:05:16.502
and this just clogs
the upper parts of the plant.

00:05:16.527 --> 00:05:20.240
Here you see a typical cucumber leaf
that turned from green to black

00:05:20.264 --> 00:05:24.983
because of a black fungus, sooty mold,
which is covering it.

00:05:25.207 --> 00:05:30.535
And here comes the salvation,
through this parasitic wasp.

00:05:30.559 --> 00:05:32.661
Here we are not talking about a predator.

00:05:32.685 --> 00:05:35.149
Here we are talking a parasite...

00:05:35.173 --> 00:05:37.046
Not a two-legged parasite,

00:05:37.070 --> 00:05:40.079
but an eight-legged parasite, of course.

00:05:40.103 --> 00:05:41.877
This is a parasitic wasp,

00:05:41.901 --> 00:05:47.656
again, two millimeters long, slender,
a very quick and sharp flier.

00:05:47.680 --> 00:05:51.653
And here you can see
this parasite in action,

00:05:51.988 --> 00:05:54.655
like in an acrobatic maneuver.

00:05:54.679 --> 00:05:56.376
She stands vis-à-vis

00:05:56.400 --> 00:05:58.727
in front of the victim
at the right-hand side,

00:05:58.751 --> 00:06:03.925
bending its abdomen
and inserting a single egg

00:06:03.949 --> 00:06:05.614
into the body fluids of the aphid.

00:06:05.638 --> 00:06:07.795
By the way, the aphid tries to escape.

00:06:07.819 --> 00:06:12.078
She kicks and bites
and secretes different liquids,

00:06:12.102 --> 00:06:14.152
but nothing will happen, in fact...

00:06:14.176 --> 00:06:17.586
Only the egg of the parasitoid
will be inserted

00:06:17.610 --> 00:06:19.748
into the body fluids of the aphid.

00:06:19.772 --> 00:06:22.708
And after a few days,
depending upon temperature,

00:06:22.732 --> 00:06:24.149
the egg will hatch

00:06:24.173 --> 00:06:29.144
and the larva of this parasite
will eat the aphid from the inside.

00:06:29.168 --> 00:06:30.219
(Laughter)

00:06:30.243 --> 00:06:32.487
This is all natural. This is all natural.

00:06:32.511 --> 00:06:34.510
This is not fiction, nothing at all.

00:06:34.534 --> 00:06:37.485
Again... in your backyard.
In your backyard.

00:06:37.509 --> 00:06:39.014
(Laughter)

00:06:39.038 --> 00:06:40.503
(Applause)

00:06:40.527 --> 00:06:45.894
But this is the end result: mummies.

00:06:45.994 --> 00:06:52.410
This is the visual result
of a dead aphid encompassing inside,

00:06:53.300 --> 00:06:58.386
a developing parasitoid that,
after a few minutes, you see halfway out.

00:06:58.519 --> 00:07:00.725
The birth is almost complete.

00:07:00.749 --> 00:07:03.923
You can see, by the way,
in different movies, etc.,

00:07:03.947 --> 00:07:05.576
it takes just a few minutes.

00:07:05.600 --> 00:07:09.102
And if this is a female,
she'll immediately mate with a male

00:07:09.126 --> 00:07:11.962
and off she goes,
because time is very short.

00:07:11.986 --> 00:07:14.576
This female can live
only three to four days,

00:07:14.600 --> 00:07:18.462
and she needs to give rise
to around 400 eggs.

00:07:18.486 --> 00:07:21.888
That means she has 400 bad aphids

00:07:21.912 --> 00:07:24.893
to put her eggs into their body fluids.

00:07:25.504 --> 00:07:27.480
This is, of course, not the end of it.

00:07:27.504 --> 00:07:29.886
There is a whole wealth
of other natural enemies

00:07:29.910 --> 00:07:31.576
and this is just the last example.

00:07:31.600 --> 00:07:34.093
Again, we'll start first with the pest:

00:07:34.117 --> 00:07:35.576
the thrips.

00:07:35.600 --> 00:07:37.903
By the way, all these weird names...

00:07:37.927 --> 00:07:41.426
I didn't bother you with the Latin
names of these creatures,

00:07:41.450 --> 00:07:42.690
just the popular names.

00:07:42.714 --> 00:07:46.826
But this is a nice,
slender, very bad pest.

00:07:46.850 --> 00:07:49.198
If you can see this: sweet peppers.

00:07:49.222 --> 00:07:52.221
This is not just an exotic,
ornamental sweet pepper.

00:07:52.245 --> 00:07:54.792
This is a sweet pepper
which is not consumable

00:07:54.816 --> 00:07:57.576
because it is suffering
from a viral disease

00:07:57.600 --> 00:08:00.765
transmitted by those thrip adults.

00:08:01.210 --> 00:08:04.727
And here comes the natural enemy,
minute pirate bug...

00:08:04.751 --> 00:08:07.330
"minute," because it is rather small.

00:08:07.354 --> 00:08:10.773
Here you can see the adult,
black, and two young ones.

00:08:10.797 --> 00:08:12.342
And again, in action.

00:08:12.366 --> 00:08:15.177
This adult pierces the thrips,

00:08:15.914 --> 00:08:18.160
sucking it within just several minutes,

00:08:18.184 --> 00:08:21.414
going to the other prey,
continuing all over the place.

00:08:21.438 --> 00:08:25.733
And if we spread those minute
pirate bugs, the good ones,

00:08:25.757 --> 00:08:28.653
for example, in a sweet pepper plot,

00:08:28.677 --> 00:08:30.246
they go to the flowers.

00:08:30.270 --> 00:08:35.354
And look... this flower is flooded
with predatory bugs, with the good ones,

00:08:35.378 --> 00:08:38.576
after wiping out the bad ones, the thrips.

00:08:38.600 --> 00:08:41.183
So this is a very positive situation.

00:08:41.207 --> 00:08:44.508
No harm to the developing fruit.
No harm to the fruit set.

00:08:44.532 --> 00:08:47.596
Everything is just fine
under these circumstances.

00:08:48.345 --> 00:08:49.806
But again, the question is,

00:08:49.830 --> 00:08:54.031
here you saw them on a one-to-one basis...
The pest, the natural enemy.

00:08:54.397 --> 00:08:57.368
What we do is actually this.

00:08:58.644 --> 00:09:02.073
In Northeast Israel,
in Kibbutz Sde Eliyahu,

00:09:02.097 --> 00:09:06.466
there is a facility that mass-produces
those natural enemies.

00:09:06.811 --> 00:09:13.289
In other words, what we do there
is amplify the natural control,

00:09:13.313 --> 00:09:15.290
or the biological control phenomenon.

00:09:15.314 --> 00:09:20.191
And in 30,000 square meters
of state-of-the-art greenhouses,

00:09:20.215 --> 00:09:23.519
there, we are mass-producing
those predatory mites,

00:09:23.543 --> 00:09:25.238
those minute pirate bugs,

00:09:25.262 --> 00:09:28.158
those parasitic wasps, etc.

00:09:28.182 --> 00:09:29.509
Many different parts.

00:09:29.533 --> 00:09:31.789
By the way, they have
a very nice landscape...

00:09:31.813 --> 00:09:34.189
You see the Jordanian Mountains
on the one hand,

00:09:34.213 --> 00:09:36.190
and the Jordan Valley on the other hand,

00:09:36.214 --> 00:09:40.267
and a good, mild winter
and a nice, hot summer,

00:09:40.291 --> 00:09:44.286
which is an excellent condition
to mass-produce those creatures.

00:09:44.310 --> 00:09:48.550
And by the way, mass-production...
It is not genetic manipulation.

00:09:48.574 --> 00:09:52.621
There are no GMOs... genetically
modified organisms... whatsoever.

00:09:52.645 --> 00:09:54.376
We take them from nature,

00:09:54.400 --> 00:09:58.697
and the only thing that we do
is give them the optimal conditions,

00:09:58.721 --> 00:10:01.376
under the greenhouses
or in the climate rooms,

00:10:01.400 --> 00:10:04.817
in order to proliferate,
multiply and reproduce.

00:10:05.467 --> 00:10:07.158
And that's what we get.

00:10:07.182 --> 00:10:09.039
You see under a microscope.

00:10:09.063 --> 00:10:13.400
You see in the upper left corner?
You see a single predatory mite.

00:10:13.431 --> 00:10:17.125
And this is the whole bunch
of predatory mites.

00:10:17.150 --> 00:10:19.470
You see this ampul. You see this one.

00:10:19.694 --> 00:10:22.870
I have one gram of those predatory mites.

00:10:23.191 --> 00:10:26.739
One gram is 80,000 individuals.

00:10:27.303 --> 00:10:32.889
80,000 individuals are good enough
to control one acre,

00:10:32.913 --> 00:10:34.751
4,000 square meters,

00:10:34.775 --> 00:10:36.628
of a strawberry plot

00:10:36.652 --> 00:10:39.581
against spider mites for the whole season

00:10:39.605 --> 00:10:41.018
of almost one year.

00:10:41.782 --> 00:10:45.330
And we can produce
from this, believe you me,

00:10:45.354 --> 00:10:49.756
several dozens of kilograms
on an annual basis.

00:10:49.780 --> 00:10:53.988
So this is what I call
amplification of the phenomenon.

00:10:54.012 --> 00:10:57.811
And no, we do not disrupt the balance.

00:10:57.835 --> 00:10:59.076
On the contrary,

00:10:59.100 --> 00:11:01.983
because we bring it to every cultural plot

00:11:02.007 --> 00:11:04.760
where the balance was already disrupted

00:11:04.784 --> 00:11:06.076
by the chemicals.

00:11:06.100 --> 00:11:07.977
Here we come with those natural enemies

00:11:08.001 --> 00:11:10.908
in order to reverse
a little bit of the wheel

00:11:10.932 --> 00:11:14.914
and to bring more natural balance
to the agricultural plot

00:11:14.938 --> 00:11:16.779
by reducing those chemicals.

00:11:16.803 --> 00:11:18.358
That's the whole idea.

00:11:18.882 --> 00:11:20.320
And what is the impact?

00:11:20.944 --> 00:11:24.176
In this table, you can
actually see what is an impact

00:11:24.200 --> 00:11:27.928
of a successful biological
control by good bugs.

00:11:28.548 --> 00:11:34.917
For example, in Israel, where we employ
more than 1,000 hectares...

00:11:34.941 --> 00:11:37.616
10,000 dunams in Israeli terms...

00:11:37.640 --> 00:11:40.265
Of biological pests
controlling sweet pepper

00:11:40.289 --> 00:11:41.813
under protection,

00:11:41.837 --> 00:11:45.492
75 percent of the pesticides
were actually reduced.

00:11:45.516 --> 00:11:48.001
And Israeli strawberries, even more...

00:11:48.025 --> 00:11:49.799
80 percent of the pesticides,

00:11:49.823 --> 00:11:54.391
especially those aimed
against pest mites in strawberries.

00:11:54.746 --> 00:11:56.622
So the impact is very strong.

00:11:57.884 --> 00:12:00.032
And there goes the question,

00:12:00.056 --> 00:12:03.033
especially if you ask
growers, agriculturists:

00:12:03.057 --> 00:12:04.750
Why biological control?

00:12:04.774 --> 00:12:06.552
Why good bugs?

00:12:06.576 --> 00:12:10.120
By the way, the number of answers you get

00:12:10.166 --> 00:12:12.297
equals the number of people you ask.

00:12:13.754 --> 00:12:18.312
But if we go, for example,
to this place, Southeast Israel,

00:12:18.336 --> 00:12:21.812
the Arava area
above the Great Rift Valley,

00:12:21.836 --> 00:12:26.881
where the pearl of Israeli
agriculture is located,

00:12:26.905 --> 00:12:30.498
especially under greenhouse conditions,
or under screenhouse conditions...

00:12:30.522 --> 00:12:33.311
If you drive all the way
to Eilat, you see this

00:12:33.335 --> 00:12:35.248
just in the middle of the desert.

00:12:35.272 --> 00:12:36.781
And if you zoom in,

00:12:36.805 --> 00:12:38.508
you can definitely watch this:

00:12:38.896 --> 00:12:41.083
grandparents with their grandchildren,

00:12:41.107 --> 00:12:43.976
distributing the natural
enemies, the good bugs,

00:12:44.000 --> 00:12:46.373
instead of wearing special clothes

00:12:46.397 --> 00:12:48.597
and gas masks and applying chemicals.

00:12:49.185 --> 00:12:51.771
So safety, with respect
to the application,

00:12:51.795 --> 00:12:55.214
is the number one answer
that we get from growers,

00:12:55.238 --> 00:12:57.211
for "Why biological control?"

00:12:58.389 --> 00:13:02.359
Number two, many growers
are, in fact, petrified

00:13:02.383 --> 00:13:05.566
by the idea of resistance,

00:13:05.590 --> 00:13:10.143
that the pests will become
resistant to the chemicals,

00:13:10.167 --> 00:13:13.976
just like in our case, that bacteria
becomes resistant to antibiotics.

00:13:14.000 --> 00:13:16.768
It's the same, and it can
happen very quickly.

00:13:17.608 --> 00:13:21.976
Fortunately, in either biological control
or even natural control,

00:13:22.000 --> 00:13:25.061
resistance is extremely rare.

00:13:25.640 --> 00:13:27.189
It hardly happens.

00:13:27.213 --> 00:13:30.565
Because this is evolution,
this is the natural ratio,

00:13:30.589 --> 00:13:34.443
unlike resistance, which happens
in the case of chemicals.

00:13:34.467 --> 00:13:37.443
And thirdly, public demand.

00:13:39.036 --> 00:13:42.649
The more the public demands
the reduction of chemicals,

00:13:42.763 --> 00:13:46.608
the more growers become aware of the fact

00:13:46.633 --> 00:13:49.375
that they should, wherever they can
and wherever possible,

00:13:49.399 --> 00:13:53.330
replace the chemical control
with biological control.

00:13:53.434 --> 00:13:55.496
Even here, there is another grower,

00:13:55.520 --> 00:13:59.247
you see, very interested in the bugs,
the bad ones and the good ones,

00:13:59.271 --> 00:14:01.865
wearing this magnifier
already on her head,

00:14:01.890 --> 00:14:04.299
just walking safely in her crop.

00:14:05.467 --> 00:14:08.727
Finally, I want to get to my vision,

00:14:08.751 --> 00:14:10.703
or, in fact, to my dream.

00:14:11.211 --> 00:14:13.234
Because, you see, this is the reality.

00:14:13.258 --> 00:14:14.734
Have a look at the gap.

00:14:14.758 --> 00:14:16.876
If we take the overall turnover

00:14:16.900 --> 00:14:19.345
of the biocontrol industry worldwide,

00:14:19.369 --> 00:14:21.243
it's 250 million dollars.

00:14:22.362 --> 00:14:25.456
And look at the overall pesticide industry

00:14:25.480 --> 00:14:27.334
in all the crops throughout the world.

00:14:27.677 --> 00:14:30.548
I think it's times 100
or something like that.

00:14:30.572 --> 00:14:32.278
Twenty-five billion.

00:14:32.302 --> 00:14:34.917
So there is a huge gap to bridge.

00:14:35.900 --> 00:14:37.564
So actually, how can we do it?

00:14:37.588 --> 00:14:42.468
How can we bridge, or let's say,
narrow, this gap over the years?

00:14:42.492 --> 00:14:46.240
First of all, we need to find more robust,

00:14:46.264 --> 00:14:48.876
good and reliable biological solutions,

00:14:48.900 --> 00:14:53.523
more good bugs that we can
either mass-produce

00:14:53.547 --> 00:14:56.051
or actually conserve in the field.

00:14:56.613 --> 00:15:01.199
Secondly, to create even more intensive
and strict public demand

00:15:01.223 --> 00:15:04.475
for the reduction of chemicals
in agricultural fresh produce.

00:15:05.316 --> 00:15:09.074
And thirdly, also to increase
awareness by the growers

00:15:09.098 --> 00:15:11.249
to the potential of this industry.

00:15:11.900 --> 00:15:14.399
And this gap really narrows.

00:15:14.423 --> 00:15:17.038
Step by step, it does narrow.

00:15:18.611 --> 00:15:20.865
You know, I started with a personal note.

00:15:20.905 --> 00:15:23.132
I think I will end with a personal note.

00:15:23.958 --> 00:15:25.358
I'm a marathon runner

00:15:25.403 --> 00:15:28.418
and this week, on Thursday,

00:15:28.490 --> 00:15:30.521
I'm with a lovely group of people

00:15:32.690 --> 00:15:36.237
and we organize
a long distance relay race.

00:15:36.484 --> 00:15:37.872
210 kilometres.

00:15:38.095 --> 00:15:41.920
From the Lebanese border,
all the way to Jezreel Valley.

00:15:42.522 --> 00:15:44.077
Groups of people will run.

00:15:44.117 --> 00:15:47.593
Relay - 8 people, 6 people, 4, 2,
and even one.

00:15:48.522 --> 00:15:49.616
All this distance.

00:15:49.641 --> 00:15:51.774
And I see a lot of similarities.

00:15:51.831 --> 00:15:53.498
between this type of race

00:15:53.641 --> 00:15:56.402
and the thing that I do
with biological control.

00:15:56.466 --> 00:15:59.672
Because, first of all,
you run this race in nature.

00:15:59.950 --> 00:16:01.601
What I do in biological control -

00:16:01.625 --> 00:16:04.355
in fact many times I go
out there also in nature

00:16:04.419 --> 00:16:06.243
to look for my good bugs.

00:16:06.831 --> 00:16:09.565
Secondly, this relay race is a team work.

00:16:10.069 --> 00:16:12.156
And also in the case
of biological control,

00:16:12.204 --> 00:16:13.593
it's also a team work.

00:16:13.618 --> 00:16:16.211
Groups of people studying, researching,

00:16:16.292 --> 00:16:20.243
implementing, collaboration with growers,
with the public - it's team work.

00:16:20.823 --> 00:16:23.815
And thirdly, it's a long and winding road.

00:16:24.403 --> 00:16:25.803
Even in the marathon.

00:16:25.879 --> 00:16:28.958
You stumble, fall, rise and continue.

00:16:29.458 --> 00:16:32.553
You know how many times
we stumble amd fall

00:16:32.617 --> 00:16:34.450
in the case of biological control?

00:16:34.553 --> 00:16:36.553
But we actually never give up.

00:16:37.557 --> 00:16:39.762
So I think my last slide is:

00:16:39.786 --> 00:16:42.051
All we are saying...
We can actually sing it...

00:16:42.775 --> 00:16:44.569
Give nature a chance.

00:16:44.593 --> 00:16:47.759
I'm saying it on behalf
of all the biocontrol practitioners

00:16:47.783 --> 00:16:49.097
and implementers,

00:16:49.121 --> 00:16:51.342
in Israel and abroad,

00:16:51.366 --> 00:16:53.398
really give nature a chance.

00:16:53.922 --> 00:16:55.081
Thank you.

00:16:55.105 --> 00:16:57.176
(Applause)