[Script Info]
Title: 
[Events]
Format: Layer, Start, End, Style, Name, MarginL, MarginR, MarginV, Effect, Text
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is a man-made forest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It can spread over acres\Nand acres of area,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it could fit in a small space --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as small as your house garden.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Each of these forests are just two years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I have a forest in the backyard\Nof my own house.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It attracts a lot of biodiversity.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Bird call)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I wake up to this every morning,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like a Disney princess.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I am an entrepreneur
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,who facilitates the making\Nof these forests professionally.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We have helped factories,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,farms,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,schools,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,homes,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,resorts,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,apartment buildings,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,public parks
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and even a zoo,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to have one of these forests.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A forest is not an isolated piece of land\Nwhere animals live together.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A forest can be an integral part\Nof our urban existence.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,A forest for me,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is a place so dense with trees\Nthat you just can't walk into it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It doesn't matter\Nhow big or small they are.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Most of the world\Nwe live in today was forest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This was before human intervention.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then we built up our cities\Non those forests,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,like Sao Paulo,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forgetting that we\Nbelong to nature as well,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,as much as 8.4 million\Nother species on the planet.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Our habitat stopped being\Nour natural habitat.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But not anymore for some of us.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Few others and I today\Nmake these forests professionally.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Anywhere and everywhere.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I'm an industrial engineer.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I specialize in making cars.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In my previous job at Toyota,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I learned how to convert\Nnatural resources into products.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To give you an example,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we could drip the sap\Nout of a rubber tree,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,convert it into [our/road] rubber
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and make a tire out of it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The product.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,But these products can never\Nbecome a natural resource again.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These separate the elements from nature
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and convert them\Ninto an irreversible state.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's industrial production.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Nature, on the other hand,\Nworks in a totally opposite way.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Natural system produces\Nby bringing elements together,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,atom by atom.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All the natural products become\Na natural resource again.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This is something which I learned
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,when I made a forest\Nin the backyard of my own house.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this was the first time
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,I worked with the nature\Nrather than against it.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Since then,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we have made 75 such forests\Nin 25 cities across the world.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Every time we work at a new place,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we find that every single element\Nneeded to make a forest
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,is available right around us.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,All we have to do is to bring\Nthese elements together
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and let the nature take over.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To make a forest we start with soil.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We touch, feel and even taste it
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to identify what properties it lacks.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the soil is made up of small\Nparticles it becomes compact.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So compact that water cannot seep in.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We mix some local biomass\Navailable around,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which can help soil become more porous.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Water can now seep in.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the soil doesn't have\Ncapacity to hold the water,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we will mix some more biomass --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,some water absorbent material\Nlike peat or [bed grass],
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so soil can hold this water\Nand it stays moist.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,To grow,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,plants need water, sunlight and nutrition.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,What if the soil doesn't have\Nany nutrition in it?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We don't just add nutrition\Ndirectly into the soil.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That would be the industrial way,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it goes against the nature.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We instead add microorganisms to the soil.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,They produce the nutrients\Nin the soil naturally.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The feed and the biomass\Nwe have mixed in the soil,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so all they have to do\Nis eat and multiply.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And as their number grows,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,soil starts breathing again.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It becomes alive.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We survey the native\Ntree species of the place.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,How do we decide what's native or not?
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Well, whatever existed before\Nhuman intervention is native.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,That's the simple rule.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We survey national parks to find\Nthe last remains of a natural forest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We survey the sacred [groves],
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or sacred forests of our own old temples.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And if we don't find anything at all,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we go to museums
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to see the seeds or wood of trees\Nexisting there a long time ago.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We research old paintings,\Npoems and literature from the place,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,to identify the tree\Nspecies belonging there.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once we know our trees,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we divide them in four different layers.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Shrub layer,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Sub-tree layer,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Tree layer
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and Canopy layer.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We fix the ratios of each layer
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and then we decide the percentage\Nof each tree specie in the mix.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If we are making a fruit forest,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we increase the percentage\Nof fruit-bearing trees.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It could be flowering forest,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,a forest that attracts\Na lot of birds or bees,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or it could simply be a native,\Nwild Evergreen forest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We collect the seeds
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and germinate saplings out of them.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We make sure that trees\Nbelonging to the same layer
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,are not planted next to each other,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,or they will fight for the same\Nvertical space when they grow tall.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We plant the saplings close to each other.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,On the surface we spread\Na thick layer of mulch.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So when it's hot outside\Nthe soil stays moist,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and when it's cold,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,frost formation happens only on the mulch.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So soil can still breathe\Nwhen it's freezing outside.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,The soil is very soft;
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,so soft that roots\Ncan penetrate into it easily,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,rapidly.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Initially, the forest doesn't\Nseem like it's growing,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,but it's growing under the surface.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In the first three months,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,roots reach up to one meter.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,These roots form a mesh,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,tightly holding the soil.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Microbes and fungi live throughout\Nthis network of roots.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So if some nutrition is not available\Nin the vicinity of a tree,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these microbes are going to get\Nthe nutrition to the tree.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Then when it rains,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,magically,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,mushrooms appear overnight.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this means the soil below\Nhas a healthy fungal network.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once these roots are established,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,forest starts growing on the surface.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the forest grows,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,we keep watering it for the next\Ntwo to three years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We water the forest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We want to keep all the water\Nand soil nutrition only for our trees,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,So we remove the weeds\Ngrowing on the ground.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As this forest grows,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it blocks the sunlight.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Eventually,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the forest becomes so dense
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,that sunlight can't reach\Nthe ground anymore.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Weeds cannot grow now\Nbecause they need sunlight as well.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,At this stage,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,every single drop of water\Nthat goes into the forest
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,doesn't evaporate back\Ninto the atmosphere.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This dense forest condenses the moist air
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,and contains it's moisture.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,We gradually reduce and eventually\Nstop watering the forest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And even without watering,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,the forest floor stays moist\Nand sometimes even dark.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Now, when a single leaf\Nfalls on this forest floor,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it immediately starts decaying.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This decayed biomass forms humus,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,which is food for the forest.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,As the forest grows,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,more leaves fall on the surface --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means more humus is produced,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,means more food so the forest\Ncan grow still, bigger.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this forest keeps\Ngrowing exponentially.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Once established,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,these forests are going to regenerate\Nthemselves again and again,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,probably forever.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,In a natural forest like this,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,no management is the best management.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,It's a tiny jungle party.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Laughter)
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,This forest grows as a collective.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,If the same trees --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,same species --
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,would have been planted independently,
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,it wouldn't grow so fast.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,And this is how we create\Na 100-year-old forest
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,in just 10 years.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,Thank you very much.
Dialogue: 0,9:59:59.99,9:59:59.99,Default,,0000,0000,0000,,(Applause)