0:00:17.123,0:00:20.156 [narrator] The sacred texts[br]say that after 40 days[br] 0:00:20.313,0:00:22.876 the truth came to Siddhartha in stages. 0:00:25.399,0:00:30.656 During the first night watch, he achieved[br]insight into all his past lives. 0:00:32.653,0:00:34.970 During the second night watch, 0:00:35.154,0:00:38.062 he discovered the coherence[br]of cyclical existences. 0:00:38.251,0:00:40.034 The law of cause and effect. 0:00:40.217,0:00:42.063 The movement of karma. 0:00:42.971,0:00:45.809 During the third and last night watch, 0:00:46.032,0:00:48.530 he conquered the 4 mental poisons. 0:00:48.690,0:00:50.097 Sensual desire. 0:00:50.256,0:00:51.532 Attachment. 0:00:51.720,0:00:52.835 Wrong views. 0:00:53.034,0:00:54.499 And ignorance. 0:00:55.721,0:00:58.654 That evening, under a full moon[br]of the month of May 0:00:58.852,0:01:00.621 at the age of 35, 0:01:00.812,0:01:02.940 he attained enlightenment. 0:01:03.129,0:01:04.310 Awakening. 0:01:04.503,0:01:05.721 Supreme knowledge. 0:01:05.941,0:01:07.587 Nirvana. 0:01:12.619,0:01:15.925 [Hanh] In Buddhism, we speak of nirvana. 0:01:16.084,0:01:18.176 Which is the sensation of all suffering. 0:01:18.334,0:01:25.084 Nirvana means the sensation- [br]the instinction of all suffering. 0:01:26.292,0:01:28.614 But our suffering 0:01:29.824,0:01:32.989 come from our wrong perceptions. 0:01:34.073,0:01:35.835 Misunderstanding. 0:01:37.127,0:01:41.722 And that is why the practice of meditation 0:01:41.940,0:01:46.442 the practice of looking deeply has the[br]purpose of removing wrong perceptions 0:01:47.221,0:01:48.503 from us. 0:01:49.159,0:01:52.254 If we are able to remove[br]our wrong perceptions 0:01:52.440,0:01:57.345 we will be able to be free from that[br]afflictions and the sufferings 0:01:57.533,0:01:59.968 that always arrive from wrong perceptions. 0:02:00.846,0:02:04.666 You have wrong perception on yourself[br]and on the other, 0:02:04.860,0:02:07.846 and the other has wrong perception on[br]themselves and on you. 0:02:08.034,0:02:11.159 And that is the goals of fear,[br]of violence, of hatred. 0:02:11.344,0:02:16.410 That is why trying to remove[br]wrong perceptions is the 0:02:16.563,0:02:18.721 only way to peace. 0:02:19.374,0:02:24.629 And that is why nirvana is first of all,[br]the removal of wrong perceptions. 0:02:25.156,0:02:29.403 And when you remove wrong perceptions,[br]you remove the suffering. 0:02:30.284,0:02:36.970 And to meditate deeply, you'll find now[br]that even ideas like 0:02:37.160,0:02:39.221 being and non being, 0:02:39.847,0:02:41.533 birth and death, 0:02:42.435,0:02:44.410 coming and going, 0:02:44.720,0:02:46.595 of wrong ideas. 0:02:48.255,0:02:56.252 If you can touch reality in depth you'll[br]realize that suchness 0:02:56.435,0:03:03.470 means an ultimate reality is free from[br]birth, from dying, from coming, from going. 0:03:05.339,0:03:07.747 From being, from non being. 0:03:08.095,0:03:13.972 That is why nirvana is first of all the[br]removal of notions, of ideas 0:03:14.502,0:03:18.282 that serve the beast of misunderstanding[br]and suffering. 0:03:18.686,0:03:25.747 If you are afraid of death,[br]of nothingness, of non being, 0:03:26.032,0:03:33.664 because you have wrong perceptions[br]on death and on non being. 0:03:34.751,0:03:38.217 The french scientist Lavoisier said 0:03:38.442,0:03:40.469 there's no birth, there's no death. 0:03:41.504,0:03:45.191 He just observe reality around him 0:03:45.410,0:03:49.534 and come to the conclusion that[br][inaudible]. 0:03:50.438,0:03:53.564 And when you look at the cloud 0:03:53.749,0:03:56.161 you think of the cloud as a being, 0:03:56.380,0:03:58.752 and later on when the[br]cloud become the rain, 0:03:58.940,0:04:01.004 you don't see the cloud anymore, 0:04:01.234,0:04:04.032 and you say the cloud is not there. 0:04:04.254,0:04:07.911 You describe the cloud as non being. 0:04:08.345,0:04:12.723 But if you look deeply, you can see[br]the cloud in the rain. 0:04:13.092,0:04:17.505 And that is why it's impossible for[br]a cloud to die. 0:04:18.630,0:04:22.943 A cloud can become the rain, snow, or ice. 0:04:23.344,0:04:25.913 But a cloud can not become nothing. 0:04:26.147,0:04:31.473 And that is why the notion of death can[br]not be applied to reality. 0:04:31.849,0:04:35.694 There is a transformation,[br]there is a continuation, 0:04:36.087,0:04:39.473 but you can not say that there is death. 0:04:39.722,0:04:42.783 Because in your mind to die means[br]from something, 0:04:42.998,0:04:45.162 you suddenly become nothing. 0:04:45.381,0:04:48.385 From someone you suddenly[br]become no one. 0:04:48.764,0:04:52.443 And so the notion of death[br]can not apply to reality. 0:04:52.661,0:04:55.693 Whether to a cloud[br]or to a human being. 0:04:55.940,0:04:57.603 The Buddha did not die, 0:04:57.763,0:05:02.816 the Buddha only continued by[br]his [inaudible], by his dharma. 0:05:03.014,0:05:05.597 And you can touch the Buddha in[br]the here and the now. 0:05:05.789,0:05:12.507 And that is why ideas like being born,[br]dying, coming and going, 0:05:12.785,0:05:17.064 being and non being should be removed[br]by the practice of looking deeply. 0:05:17.349,0:05:20.909 And when you can remove these notions[br]you are free. 0:05:21.131,0:05:23.224 And you have non fear. 0:05:23.407,0:05:27.194 And non fear is the true foundation[br]of great happiness. 0:05:27.849,0:05:33.005 As far as fear is there in your heart,[br]happiness can not be perfect. 0:05:33.316,0:05:37.911 And that is why nirvana is not something[br]that you get in the future, 0:05:38.131,0:05:44.598 nirvana is the capacity of removing[br]wrong notions, wrong perceptions 0:05:44.880,0:05:49.065 which is the practice of freedom. 0:05:49.302,0:05:53.131 Nirvana can be translated as freedom. 0:05:53.381,0:05:55.346 Freedom from views. 0:05:55.568,0:05:58.627 Any Buddhism, all views are wrong views. 0:06:00.192,0:06:06.381 When you get in touch with reality[br]you no longer have views. 0:06:06.606,0:06:08.656 You have wisdom. 0:06:08.842,0:06:11.692 You have a direct encounter with reality. 0:06:11.912,0:06:14.661 And that is no longer called views.